array:25 [
  "pii" => "S0021755718307587"
  "issn" => "00217557"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.014"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01"
  "aid" => "749"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2018"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:233-9"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 382
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 38
      "HTML" => 199
      "PDF" => 145
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "pt" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S225555361930076X"
      "issn" => "22555536"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.10.008"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01"
      "aid" => "749"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:233-9"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 375
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 59
          "HTML" => 193
          "PDF" => 123
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>"
        "titulo" => "First report of two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks by the novel genotypes ON&#8208;1 and NA&#8208;2 in a neonatal intensive care unit"
        "tienePdf" => "pt"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "pt"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "233"
            "paginaFinal" => "239"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "pt" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Primeiro relato de dois surtos consecutivos de v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio pelos novos gen&#243;tipos ON&#8208;1 e NA&#8208;2 em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "pt" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0015"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1483
                "Ancho" => 2083
                "Tamanyo" => 209218
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#193;rvore filogen&#233;tica do v&#237;rus isolado durante os surtos&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Daniella Gregoria Bomfim Prado da Silva, Fl&#225;via Jacqueline Almeida, Mariana Volpe Arnoni, Marco Aur&#233;lio Palazzi S&#225;fadi, Marcelo Jenne Mimica, Daniel Jarovsky, Gabriela Pereira de Almeida Rossetti, Mauricio Magalh&#227;es, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli, Thais Cristina Colmanetti, Edison Luiz Durigon, Eitan Naaman Berezin"
            "autores" => array:13 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Daniella Gregoria Bomfim Prado da"
                "apellidos" => "Silva"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Fl&#225;via Jacqueline"
                "apellidos" => "Almeida"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mariana Volpe"
                "apellidos" => "Arnoni"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Marco Aur&#233;lio Palazzi"
                "apellidos" => "S&#225;fadi"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Marcelo Jenne"
                "apellidos" => "Mimica"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Daniel"
                "apellidos" => "Jarovsky"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Gabriela Pereira de Almeida"
                "apellidos" => "Rossetti"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Mauricio"
                "apellidos" => "Magalh&#227;es"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Danielle Bruna Leal de"
                "apellidos" => "Oliveira"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Luciano Matsumiya"
                "apellidos" => "Thomazelli"
              ]
              10 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Thais Cristina"
                "apellidos" => "Colmanetti"
              ]
              11 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Edison Luiz"
                "apellidos" => "Durigon"
              ]
              12 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Eitan Naaman"
                "apellidos" => "Berezin"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S0021755718307587"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.014"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755718307587?idApp=UINPBA000049"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S225555361930076X?idApp=UINPBA000049"
      "url" => "/22555536/0000009600000002/v4_202005060625/S225555361930076X/v4_202005060625/pt/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0021755718306363"
    "issn" => "00217557"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.012"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01"
    "aid" => "747"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;. 2020;96:240-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 542
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 83
        "HTML" => 287
        "PDF" => 172
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Association of body composition and age at menarche in girls and adolescents in the Brazilian Legal Amazon"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "pt"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "240"
          "paginaFinal" => "246"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Associa&#231;&#227;o da composi&#231;&#227;o corporal e idade da menarca em meninas e adolescentes na Amaz&#244;nia Brasileira"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 753
              "Ancho" => 2083
              "Tamanyo" => 58616
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cumulative distribution of the proportion of age at menarche of schoolgirls in the city of Porto Velho&#44; Rond&#244;nia&#44; Brazil&#46; 2014&#8211;2015&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli, Edson dos Santos Farias, Poli Mara Spritzer"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos"
              "apellidos" => "Gemelli"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Edson dos Santos"
              "apellidos" => "Farias"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Poli Mara"
              "apellidos" => "Spritzer"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2255553619300758"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.04.007"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2255553619300758?idApp=UINPBA000049"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755718306363?idApp=UINPBA000049"
    "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000002/v1_202003290632/S0021755718306363/v1_202003290632/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0021755718306569"
    "issn" => "00217557"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.013"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01"
    "aid" => "748"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;. 2020;96:225-32"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 291
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 39
        "HTML" => 138
        "PDF" => 114
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Why are children different in their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels&#63; A multilevel analysis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "pt"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "225"
          "paginaFinal" => "232"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "pt" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Por que as crian&#231;as s&#227;o diferentes em seus n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica de intensidade moderada a vigorosa&#63; Uma an&#225;lise multin&#237;vel"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Sara Pereira, Ana Reyes, Marcos A&#46; Moura-Dos-Santos, Carla Santos, Thayse N&#46; Gomes, Go Tani, Olga Vasconcelos, Tiago V&#46; Barreira, Peter T&#46; Katzmarzyk, Jos&#233; Maia"
          "autores" => array:10 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sara"
              "apellidos" => "Pereira"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana"
              "apellidos" => "Reyes"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Marcos A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Moura-Dos-Santos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carla"
              "apellidos" => "Santos"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Thayse N&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gomes"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Go"
              "apellidos" => "Tani"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Olga"
              "apellidos" => "Vasconcelos"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Tiago V&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Barreira"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Peter T&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Katzmarzyk"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
              "apellidos" => "Maia"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2255553619300163"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.09.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2255553619300163?idApp=UINPBA000049"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755718306569?idApp=UINPBA000049"
    "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000002/v1_202003290632/S0021755718306569/v1_202003290632/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "First report of two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks by the novel genotypes ON-1 and NA-2 in a neonatal intensive care unit"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "233"
        "paginaFinal" => "239"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Daniella Gregoria Bomfim Prado da Silva, Fl&#225;via Jacqueline Almeida, Mariana Volpe Arnoni, Marco Aur&#233;lio Palazzi S&#225;fadi, Marcelo Jenne Mimica, Daniel Jarovsky, Gabriela Pereira de Almeida Rossetti, Mauricio Magalh&#227;es, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli, Thais Cristina Colmanetti, Edison Luiz Durigon, Eitan Naaman Berezin"
        "autores" => array:13 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Daniella Gregoria Bomfim Prado da"
            "apellidos" => "Silva"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Fl&#225;via Jacqueline"
            "apellidos" => "Almeida"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mariana Volpe"
            "apellidos" => "Arnoni"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Marco Aur&#233;lio Palazzi"
            "apellidos" => "S&#225;fadi"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Marcelo Jenne"
            "apellidos" => "Mimica"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Daniel"
            "apellidos" => "Jarovsky"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "daniel@jarovsky.com.br"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Gabriela Pereira de Almeida"
            "apellidos" => "Rossetti"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mauricio"
            "apellidos" => "Magalh&#227;es"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Danielle Bruna Leal de"
            "apellidos" => "Oliveira"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          9 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Luciano Matsumiya"
            "apellidos" => "Thomazelli"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          10 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Thais Cristina"
            "apellidos" => "Colmanetti"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          11 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Edison Luiz"
            "apellidos" => "Durigon"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          12 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Eitan Naaman"
            "apellidos" => "Berezin"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Departamento de Pediatria&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Unidade de Infectologia Pedi&#225;trica&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Unidade de Controle de Infec&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Unidade Neonatal&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas&#44; Departamento de Microbiologia&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "e"
            "identificador" => "aff0025"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Primeiro relato de dois surtos consecutivos de v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio pelos novos gen&#243;tipos ON-1 e NA-2 em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1143
            "Ancho" => 2500
            "Tamanyo" => 172227
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Outbreaks timeline&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory syncytial virus &#40;RSV&#41; infection is potentially life-threatening in infants&#44; particularly in premature infants and those with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease&#46; RSV causes severe outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units &#40;NICUs&#41;&#44; leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in preterm infants&#44; as well as increased financial costs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Conventional infection control methods&#44; such as hand hygiene and patient isolation in cohorts&#44; are recommended&#59; however&#44; these procedures may be supplemented by the use of palivizumab &#40;Synagis&#174; &#8211; MedImmune Inc&#46;&#44; Gaithersburg&#44; MD&#44; USA&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RSV is divided into types A &#40;RSV-A&#41; and B &#40;RSV-B&#41;&#44; based on antigenic differences derived from their glycoproteins G and F&#44; and further categorized into subtypes&#44; based on the variable domain of the attachment G protein&#46; Type A often tends to be more dominant and associated with enhanced disease severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Reinfection by RSV is a common occurrence&#44; because many genotypes can circulate concomitantly&#46; This variability might contribute to the ability of the virus to cause yearly outbreaks and severe disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Furthermore&#44; previous reports of RSV infection outbreaks have described varying degrees of disease severity&#44; but have not controlled for the presence of different viral genotypes that may have different virulence&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Brazil&#44; there is a paucity of data in neonates&#44; regarding the molecular epidemiology of RSV and the emergence of novel viral strains&#46; Although the circulation of NA1 and ON1 RSV genotypes have already been described&#44; the impact on the course of RSV infection in NICUs and possible outbreaks remain to be determined&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;10</span></a> The authors report two consecutive RSV outbreaks caused by different genotypes &#40;ON1 and NA2&#41; in a Brazilian NICU&#46; Since early detection of cases is crucial for containment of viral transmission&#44; the study aimed to clarify the importance of molecular detection and typing&#44; as well as infection control measures&#44; in this challenging setting&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Design of the nursery</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Santa Casa de S&#227;o Paulo is a tertiary general hospital in downtown S&#227;o Paulo&#44; with approximately 2000 births annually&#46; The Department of Obstetrics is a referral delivery service for municipal high-risk pregnancy programs&#44; and approximately 15&#37; of newborns require intensive care&#46; The NICU has 28 beds &#40;14 in the intermediate care unit and 14 in the intensive care unit&#41;&#44; which are divided among four physically separated wards &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Infants in the main NICU room are kept in either closed incubators or open radiant warmers&#44; and many of them require mechanical ventilation &#40;MV&#41;&#46; For those in incubators&#44; most of the routine care is provided through side doors&#44; which are kept closed when not in use&#46; Those in the intermediate care unit stay in open bassinets or closed incubators and do not require MV&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In average&#44; more than 65 different healthcare professionals have physical contact with the babies in the NICU daily&#58; six neonatal hospitalists&#44; eight neonatal fellows&#44; four pediatric residents&#44; four medical school graduation students&#44; six nurse practitioners&#44; 34 nurse technicians&#44; and five respiratory therapists&#46; After hand cleaning and replacement of personal clothing by aprons &#40;provided by the hospital&#41;&#44; parents are allowed to visit all wards and to participate in the care of their babies&#46; Children under 18 years of age are not allowed to enter the NICU&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Clinical diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Upper respiratory tract infection was defined when cough and rhinorrhea were present&#46; Bronchiolitis diagnosis was made based on the following symptoms&#58; tachypnea&#44; wheezing&#44; cough&#44; crepitus&#44; and&#47;or nasal flaring&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Outbreak investigation</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the identification of a symptomatic infant with confirmed RSV infection&#44; nasopharyngeal aspirate &#40;NPA&#41; samples were collected from all infants hospitalized in the NICU&#46; NPA surveillance was repeated twice a week in all patients&#46; The samples were sent to the Institute of Biomedical Science of the University of S&#227;o Paulo&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Viral RNA was extracted with the automatic NucliSens easyMAG extractor &#40;Biomerieux Inc&#46;&#44; Durham&#44; USA&#41;&#44; according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions&#46; Real-time reverse transcription &#40;RRT&#41;-polymerase chain reaction &#40;PCR&#41; was performed with the AgPath-ID one-step RRT-PCR kit and the 7300 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; Foster City&#44; USA&#41;&#46; To identify the pathogen responsible for the outbreak&#44; the RRT-PCR was performed with a non-influenza virus RRT-PCR Panel Kit to detect 15 respiratory viruses &#8211; RSV group A and group B&#44; human metapneumovirus&#44; adenovirus&#44; human coronaviruses &#40;HCoV-HKU&#44; -NL63&#44; -OC43&#44; and 229E&#41;&#44; human parainfluenza virus &#40;types 1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; and 4&#41;&#44; human bocavirus&#44; human enterovirus&#44; and human rhinovirus&#44; which were provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &#40;CDC &#8211; Atlanta&#44; GA&#44; USA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and commercial primers and probes for influenza A and B &#40;Invitrogen&#44; Carlsbad&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Positive qPCR samples were amplified by conventional two-step PCR for DNA sequencing&#58; cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript III kit &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; Foster City&#44; USA&#41; according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions&#46; Analyses of the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene was carried out using PCR with the primers Gr5&#95;fw<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and FVAB&#95;rev<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> in a mixture containing 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L of cDNA&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L of 10&#215; PCR buffer&#44; 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM of each dNTP&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pmol of each primer&#44; 1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U of Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase &#40;Invitrogen&#44; Carlsbad&#44; USA&#41;&#44; and nuclease-free water for a final volume of 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#46; The second step of semi-nested PCR was performed for negative samples from the first PCR&#44; using the forward primer GR5&#95;fwd and reverse primer F1AB&#95;rev<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> in the same conditions as used for conventional PCR&#46; The amplification was performed using the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 thermocycler &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; Foster City&#44; USA&#41; using the following program&#58; 95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; followed by 35 cycles&#44; each consisting of 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s at 95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s at 55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; and 45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s at 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; and finally 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of extension at 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; The amplified products were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under ultraviolet light after staining with ethidium bromide&#46; The amplified products of gene G of &#8764;1052 and 900<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bp&#44; produced using conventional PCR and semi-nested PCR&#44; consecutively&#44; were purified using ExoSap-IT &#40;Affymetrix Inc&#46;&#44; Santa Clara&#44; USA&#41; and submitted to a cycle sequencing reaction &#40;Sanger&#41; using a fluorescent dye terminator kit with all primers&#44; GR5&#44; FV&#44; and F1AB&#44; in the 3100 DNA Sequencer &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; Foster City&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Both strands of each amplification product were sequenced at least twice&#46; Sequence editing&#44; alignments&#44; and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the MegAlign 5&#46;03v software &#40;DNAStar Inc&#46;&#44; Madison&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Standard published sequences from subgroup A were downloaded from GenBank &#40;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ncbi&#46;nlm&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;genbank</a>&#41; as a reference of different lineages and genotypes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethics</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the local research ethics committee&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">First outbreak &#40;May&#41;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The index case involved a 30-day-old preterm boy &#40;33 weeks of gestational age&#41; with a birth weight of 2290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g who had been hospitalized since birth because of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia&#46; He was being weaned off oxygen supplementation in the intermediate care unit when cough&#44; runny nose&#44; and fever started&#46; Respiratory failure developed rapidly&#44; requiring MV&#46; Five days later&#44; five infants &#40;out of 17 who were in the NICU&#41; developed respiratory symptoms&#59; therefore&#44; an outbreak was declared &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; On the same day&#44; NPA samples were collected from all patients in the NICU for RRT-PCR respiratory virus detection&#46; Ten infants were infected with RSV&#44; of whom only three shared the ward with the index case&#46; The attack rate was 58&#46;8&#37;&#44; and only one fatality occurred &#40;CFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#37;&#41;&#46; However&#44; the death was not attributed to RSV infection&#44; since the patient did not present with respiratory symptoms and had congenital pulmonary hypoplasia&#44; which was considered the cause of death&#46; Additional information is provided in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contact and respiratory precautions were immediately implemented&#46; All infants in the NICU were separated into three different cohorts&#46; RSV-positive infants were placed in ward 1&#44; under contact and respiratory precautions&#46; RSV-negative infants who had previous contact with any of the RSV-positive infants were placed in wards 2 and 3&#44; under contact precautions only&#46; RSV-negative infants who had never had contact with RSV-positive patients were placed in ward 4&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Healthcare staff was also divided across the wards&#44; and their internal rotating schedules were suspended&#46; Fifty of them had NPA and saliva specimens tested for respiratory virus&#44; which were negative&#46; NICU visitation was restricted and its duration was reduced&#46; Infection control measures were reinforced for healthcare staff and infants&#8217; families by the infection control group and NICU members&#44; and they included hand hygiene&#44; environmental cleaning&#44; and increased awareness of respiratory symptoms&#46; On the second day of the outbreak&#44; palivizumab was administered to all infants in the NICU&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">NPA surveillance &#40;testing for the 17 respiratory viruses as previously described&#41; was performed twice a week in all infants in the NICU so that viral shedding duration and possible co-infections could be determined&#46; Follow-up continued for four weeks after the last positive sample was identified&#46; RSV-positive infants were kept isolated until NICU discharge and were tested weekly using PCR until a negative result was achieved&#46; The longest viral shedding period was 29 days&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Second outbreak &#40;June&#41;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the following 24 days&#44; no other infants in the NICU developed symptoms suggestive of RSV infection&#59; therefore&#44; the first outbreak was considered controlled&#46; Thirty-four days after the index case&#44; a new outbreak was identified&#44; and control measures were reinstated &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Fourteen infants had RSV identified in respiratory secretions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Palivizumab was administered only to RSV-PCR-negative infants with risk factors &#40;eight patients&#41;&#46; In this second outbreak&#44; the attack rate was 63&#46;6&#37;&#44; and two deaths occurred &#40;CFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Both infants were premature and were receiving MV when RSV infection was detected&#46; Their deaths were attributed to bacterial sepsis&#59; however&#44; RSV could have contributed&#46; The longest viral shedding time was 14 days&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Characteristics of infected infants</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the 24 RSV-positive infants&#44; 15 &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41; were born prematurely at less than 37 weeks of gestation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The mean gestational age was 33 weeks &#40;range&#58; 28&#8211;40 weeks&#41;&#44; mean age at diagnosis was 27&#46;5 days &#40;range&#58; 1&#8211;80 days&#41;&#44; and mean birth weight was 1961<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g &#40;range&#58; 765&#8211;3440<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41;&#46; A total of 11 infants &#40;45&#46;8&#37;&#41; were asymptomatic&#46; Among the symptomatic infants&#44; 12&#46;6&#37; presented with mild upper respiratory symptoms &#40;cough or coryza&#41; or fever&#44; 20&#46;8&#37; presented with bronchiolitis without the need for MV&#44; and an additional 20&#46;8&#37; required invasive ventilatory support&#46; Six infants would be eligible by the Brazilian guidelines to receive palivizumab&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> In both outbreaks&#44; the available data were not sufficient to establish independent risk factors for RSV infection&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Genotypic characterization</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Molecular analysis was performed for all 24 RSV-positive samples &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Viruses isolated during the first outbreak were characterized as RSV-A type ON-1&#44; while all infections during the second outbreak were caused by RSV-A type NA-2&#46; Aminoacid analysis evidenced a characteristic genetic signature in the second outbreak samples&#46; No viral coinfection was detected in either outbreak&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of the authors&#8217; knowledge&#44; this is the first report of two consecutive neonatal outbreaks caused by two distinct genotypes of RSV in Brazil&#46; Together&#44; the episodes affected 24 infants in a high complexity NICU and occurred in the RSV post-peak period &#40;the highest viral circulation rates occur between March and May in S&#227;o Paulo&#41;&#46; The RRT-PCR assay and genetic sequence analysis were pivotal in the confirmation of the two distinct outbreaks and the adoption of control measures&#44; including palivizumab&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preterm infants with underlying heart or pulmonary disease are more prone to developing severe symptoms when infected with RSV&#46; Compared with community-acquired infections&#44; nosocomial infections are associated with significantly higher mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The attack rates among RSV outbreaks in NICU reported in the literature vary from 9 to 55&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;21</span></a> The attack rates observed in the present study were much higher&#44; reaching 58&#46;8&#37; during the first outbreak and unexpectedly reaching 63&#46;6&#37; in the second&#46; Such disparity could be attributed to the fact that most of the present patients were presumably na&#239;ve to the new genotypes described and that none had received palivizumab before the onset of the outbreak&#46; The absence of protective immunity in the infants and their mothers could allow more efficient virus replication and transmission&#46; Furthermore&#44; such emergent genotypes appear to have a fitness advantage over preceding genotypes of the same RSV group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast&#44; the authors did not observe an increased frequency of severe disease because only 10&#37; of the patients in the ON-1 group and 28&#46;6&#37; in the NA-2 group developed respiratory failure and required MV&#46; Such frequency could be explained by the relatively high mean gestational age &#40;34 weeks&#41; of the present patients&#46; Although no extremely preterm infants were included&#44; all five RSV-infected infants who required MV were born prematurely at less than 33 weeks&#44; reinforcing the contribution of prematurity as a major risk factor for severe RSV infection&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are no guidelines for the use of palivizumab during outbreaks in healthcare settings&#46; Small studies that used palivizumab in NICUs as a component of outbreak control procedures were retrieved in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;20</span></a> When the first outbreak was detected in this setting&#44; all 17 patients in the NICU received palivizumab&#44; while palivizumab was available only to RSV-negative patients in the second outbreak due to the limited amount of medication available and its high cost&#46; Although the minority of infants had a strict indication of receiving palivizumab&#44; the authors believe the broad and prompt administration of the drug may have contributed to the timely control and the low morbidity&#47;mortality in the studied population&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies described the co-circulation of RSV groups A and B in epidemic periods&#44; including in Brazilian populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7&#44;9&#44;23&#44;24</span></a> RSV-A was responsible for both outbreaks&#59; however&#44; our cases occurred in a closed unit&#46; Nevertheless&#44; two different RSV-A genotypes were identified in the NICU&#58; ON-1 and NA-2&#46; The first is a novel genotype with large duplications of amino acids in the attachment G glycoprotein&#46; It was first reported in December 2010 in Ontario&#44; Canada and has been rapidly spreading globally&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;25&#8211;30</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The occurrence of RSV and specific genotypes during nosocomial outbreaks may mirror the circulation of the virus in the community&#46; This is partially demonstrated by the time of these outbreaks&#44; which respect the seasonality in S&#227;o Paulo&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; early etiologic diagnosis is especially relevant for antiviral therapy and isolation measures to prevent hospital outbreaks&#44; reducing the need for additional diagnostic procedures and length of hospital stay&#46; A better understanding of RSV molecular epidemiology is essential for vaccine and antiviral drug development&#44; and other control measures against RSV infection&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1322278"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1219607"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1322279"
          "titulo" => "Resumo"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1219606"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Design of the nursery"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Clinical diagnosis"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Outbreak investigation"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Ethics"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "First outbreak &#40;May&#41;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Second outbreak &#40;June&#41;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Characteristics of infected infants"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Genotypic characterization"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2018-07-06"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-10-01"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1219607"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Respiratory syncytial virus"
            1 => "ON-1"
            2 => "NA-2"
            3 => "Outbreak"
            4 => "Neonatal intensive care unit"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1219606"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "V&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio"
            1 => "ON-1"
            2 => "NA-2"
            3 => "Surto"
            4 => "Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory syncytial virus is a pathogen frequently involved in nosocomial outbreaks&#46; Although several studies have reported nosocomial outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units&#44; molecular epidemiology data are scarce&#46; Here&#44; the authors describe two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks caused by genotypes ON-1 and NA-2 in a neonatal intensive care unit in S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Brazil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective search for respiratory syncytial virus was performed after diagnosing the index case and four other symptomatic newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit&#46; Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples of all patients in the neonatal intensive care unit were tested for 17 respiratory viruses using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction&#46; Genotyping was performed using nucleotide sequencing&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From May to August 2013&#44; two different outbreaks were detected in the neonatal intensive care unit&#46; A total of 20 infants were infected with respiratory syncytial virus-A &#40;ten and 14 with ON-1 and NA-2 genotypes&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; The mean age of the infants was 10 days&#44; mean birth weight was 1&#44;961<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; and the mean gestational age was 33 weeks&#46; Risk factors &#40;heart disease&#44; lung disease&#44; and prematurity&#41; were present in 80&#37; and 85&#46;7&#37; of infants in the ON-1 and NA-2 groups&#44; respectively&#46; In total&#44; 45&#46;8&#37; of infants were asymptomatic and 20&#46;8&#37; required mechanical ventilation&#46; Coinfections were not detected during the outbreaks&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infants in a neonatal intensive care unit who develop abrupt respiratory symptoms should be tested for respiratory viruses&#44; especially respiratory syncytial virus&#46; Even in the absence of severe symptoms&#44; respiratory syncytial virus detection can prevent nosocomial transmission through infection control measures&#46; A better understanding of respiratory syncytial virus molecular epidemiology is essential for developing new vaccines and antiviral drugs against respiratory syncytial virus&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio &#233; um pat&#243;geno frequentemente envolvido em surtos nosocomiais&#46; Embora v&#225;rios estudos tenham relatado tais surtos em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal&#44; os dados epidemiol&#243;gicos moleculares s&#227;o escassos&#46; Neste artigo&#44; descrevemos dois surtos consecutivos de v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio causados pelos gen&#243;tipos ON-1 e NA-2 em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal em S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Brasil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma busca prospectiva por v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio foi realizada ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico do caso &#237;ndice e outros quatro rec&#233;m-nascidos sintom&#225;ticos na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal&#46; Amostras de aspirado nasofar&#237;ngeo de todos os pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal foram testadas para 17 v&#237;rus respirat&#243;rios com rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa em tempo real&#46; A genotipagem foi realizada utilizando sequenciamento de nucleot&#237;deos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De maio a agosto de 2013&#44; foram detectados dois surtos diferentes na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal&#46; Vinte e quatro crian&#231;as foram infectadas com v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio-A &#40;10 e 14 com os gen&#243;tipos ON-1 e NA-2&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia da idade dos lactentes era de 10 dias&#44; o peso m&#233;dio ao nascer foi de 1961<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g e a idade gestacional m&#233;dia de 33 semanas&#46; Fatores de risco &#40;doen&#231;a card&#237;aca&#44; doen&#231;a pulmonar e prematuridade&#41; estavam presentes em 80&#37; e 85&#44;7&#37; dos beb&#234;s nos grupos ON-1 e NA-2&#44; respectivamente&#46; No total&#44; 45&#44;8&#37; dos lactentes eram assintom&#225;ticos e 20&#44;8&#37; necessitaram de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica&#46; N&#227;o foram detectadas coinfec&#231;&#245;es durante os surtos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Beb&#234;s em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal que desenvolvem sintomas respirat&#243;rios abruptos devem ser testados para v&#237;rus respirat&#243;rios&#44; especialmente o v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio&#46; Mesmo na aus&#234;ncia de sintomas graves&#44; a detec&#231;&#227;o de v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio pode prevenir a transmiss&#227;o nosocomial atrav&#233;s de medidas de controle de infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; Um melhor entendimento da epidemiologia molecular do v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio &#233; essencial para o desenvolvimento de novas vacinas e drogas antivirais contra o v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Silva DG&#44; Almeida FJ&#44; Arnoni MV&#44; S&#225;fadi MA&#44; Mimica MJ&#44; Jarovsky D&#44; et al&#46; First report of two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks by the novel genotypes ON-1 and NA-2 in a neonatal intensive care unit&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2020&#59;96&#58;233&#8211;9&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 782
            "Ancho" => 1568
            "Tamanyo" => 77874
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematic and simplified neonatal intensive care unit floor plan and spatial distribution of the cohorts&#44; as part of the control measures used during the outbreaks&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1143
            "Ancho" => 2500
            "Tamanyo" => 172227
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Outbreaks timeline&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2018
            "Ancho" => 2917
            "Tamanyo" => 444390
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Phylogenetic tree of isolated virus during the outbreaks&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">RSV&#44; respiratory syncytial virus&#59; Upper respiratory tract infection&#58; presence of cough&#44; rhinorrhea&#59; Bronchiolitis&#58; tachypnea&#44; wheezing&#44; cough&#44; crepitus and&#47;or nasal flaring&#59; MV&#44; mechanical ventilation&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1st outbreak&#58; RSV-A type ON-1 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2nd outbreak&#58; RSV-A type NA-2 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gestational age &#40;mean&#44; weeks&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Birth weight &#40;mean&#44; g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;327&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;700&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Age at onset &#40;mean&#44; days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidities</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Congenital heart disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lung disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prematurity &#40;&#60;37 weeks&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;50&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;78&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Concurrent or previous late-onset sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;35&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical presentation and outcomes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asymptomatic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;57&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mild upper respiratory infection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bronchiolitis without MV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bronchiolitis with MV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;28&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Deaths&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;14&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2266511.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical characteristics of patients infected by RSV in the first outbreak &#40;caused by ON-1 genotype&#41; and second outbreak &#40;caused by NA-2 genotype&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Defining the risk and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among preterm infants without chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Figueras-Aloy"
                            1 => "P&#46; Manzoni"
                            2 => "B&#46; Paes"
                            3 => "E&#46;A&#46; Sim&#245;es"
                            4 => "L&#46; Bont"
                            5 => "P&#46;A&#46; Checchia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s40121-016-0130-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Dis Ther"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "417"
                        "paginaFinal" => "452"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27628014"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;E&#46; French"
                            1 => "B&#46;C&#46; McKenzie"
                            2 => "C&#46; Coope"
                            3 => "S&#46; Rajanaidu"
                            4 => "K&#46; Paranthaman"
                            5 => "R&#46; Pebody"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/irv.12379"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Influenza Other Respir Viruses"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "268"
                        "paginaFinal" => "290"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26901358"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory syncytial virus genotypes&#44; host immune profiles&#44; and disease severity in young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Rodriguez-Fernandez"
                            1 => "L&#46;I&#46; Tapia"
                            2 => "C&#46;-F&#46; Yang"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Torres"
                            4 => "S&#46; Chavez-Bueno"
                            5 => "C&#46; Garcia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/infdis/jix543"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "217"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "34"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29045741"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Circulation patterns of group A and B human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in 5 communities in North America"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46; Peret"
                            1 => "C&#46;B&#46; Hall"
                            2 => "G&#46;W&#46; Hammond"
                            3 => "P&#46;A&#46; Piedra"
                            4 => "G&#46;A&#46; Storch"
                            5 => "W&#46;M&#46; Sullender"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1086/315508"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "181"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1891"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1896"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10837167"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673602073695"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High frequency of repeated infections due to emerging genotypes of human respiratory syncytial viruses among children during eight successive epidemic seasons in Japan"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Yamaguchi"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Sano"
                            2 => "I&#46;C&#46; Dapat"
                            3 => "R&#46; Saito"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Suzuki"
                            5 => "A&#46; Kumaki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.02132-10"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1034"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1040"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177891"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus group A and B genotypes among nosocomial and community-acquired pediatric infections in Southern Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; de-Paris"
                            1 => "C&#46; Beck"
                            2 => "L&#46; de Souza Nunes"
                            3 => "A&#46;B&#46; Machado"
                            4 => "R&#46;M&#46; Paiva"
                            5 => "D&#46; da Silva Menezes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1743-422X-11-36"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Virol J"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "36"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564922"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diversity and adaptation of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in two distinct communities&#58; public hospital and day care center"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;G&#46; Gardinassi"
                            1 => "P&#46;V&#46; Simas"
                            2 => "D&#46;E&#46; Gomes"
                            3 => "C&#46;M&#46; do Bonfim"
                            4 => "F&#46;C&#46; Nogueira"
                            5 => "G&#46;R&#46; Garcia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/v4112432"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Viruses"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2432"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2447"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202489"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1878875017312755"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "18788750"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic variability in the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus isolated from the Campinas metropolitan region&#44; Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;H&#46; da Silva"
                            1 => "F&#46;R&#46; Spilki"
                            2 => "A&#46;G&#46; Riccetto"
                            3 => "R&#46;S&#46; de Almeida"
                            4 => "E&#46;C&#46; Baracat"
                            5 => "C&#46;W&#46; Arns"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jmv.21249"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Virol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1653"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1660"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18649326"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic diversity of respiratory syncytial virus isolated during an epidemic period from children of northeastern Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46;E&#46; Moura"
                            1 => "A&#46; Blanc"
                            2 => "S&#46; Frabasile"
                            3 => "A&#46; Delfraro"
                            4 => "M&#46;J&#46; de Sierra"
                            5 => "L&#46; Tome"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jmv.20159"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Virol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "156"
                        "paginaFinal" => "160"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15258982"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infections caused by HRSV A ON1 are predominant among hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis in S&#227;o Paulo City"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Vieira"
                            1 => "L&#46;M&#46; Thomazelli"
                            2 => "M&#46; de Paulis"
                            3 => "A&#46;E&#46; Ferronato"
                            4 => "D&#46;B&#46; Oliveira"
                            5 => "M&#46;B&#46; Martinez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2017/3459785"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BioMed Res Int"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "2017"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3459785"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28626754"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of fast-track diagnostics respiratory pathogens multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay with in-house singleplex assays for comprehensive detection of human respiratory viruses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;K&#46; Sakthivel"
                            1 => "B&#46; Whitaker"
                            2 => "X&#46; Lu"
                            3 => "D&#46;B&#46; Oliveira"
                            4 => "L&#46;J&#46; Stockman"
                            5 => "S&#46; Kamili"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.07.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Virol Methods"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "185"
                        "paginaInicial" => "259"
                        "paginaFinal" => "266"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796035"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic heterogeneity of the attachment glycoprotein G among group A respiratory syncytial viruses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Sanz"
                            1 => "O&#46;M&#46; Kew"
                            2 => "L&#46;J&#46; Anderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/0168-1702(94)90103-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Virus Res"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "203"
                        "paginaFinal" => "217"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985408"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Strain-specific reverse transcriptase PCR assay&#58; means to distinguish candidate vaccine from wild-type strains of respiratory syncytial virus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Zheng"
                            1 => "T&#46;C&#46; Peret"
                            2 => "V&#46;B&#46; Randolph"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Crowley"
                            4 => "L&#46;J&#46; Anderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "334"
                        "paginaFinal" => "337"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8789010"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46; Peret"
                            1 => "C&#46;B&#46; Hall"
                            2 => "K&#46;C&#46; Schnabel"
                            3 => "J&#46;A&#46; Golub"
                            4 => "L&#46;J&#46; Anderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1099/0022-1317-79-9-2221"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Gen Virol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2221"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2229"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9747732"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Brasil&#46; Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de&#46; Protocolo de uso de palivizumabe para preven&#231;&#227;o da infec&#231;&#227;o pelo v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio&#46; 2013&#46; &#91;cited 2018 Aug 27&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/sas/2013/prt0522_13_05_2013.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;bvsms&#46;saude&#46;gov&#46;br&#47;bvs&#47;saudelegis&#47;sas&#47;2013&#47;prt0522&#95;13&#95;05&#95;2013&#46;html</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak defined by rapid screening in a neonatal intensive care unit"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;A&#46; Dizdar"
                            1 => "C&#46; Aydemir"
                            2 => "O&#46; Erdeve"
                            3 => "F&#46;N&#46; Sari"
                            4 => "S&#46; Oguz"
                            5 => "N&#46; Uras"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhin.2010.01.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hosp Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "292"
                        "paginaFinal" => "294"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299133"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of palivizumab and infection control measures to control an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a neonatal intensive care unit confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; O&#8217;Connell"
                            1 => "T&#46;W&#46; Boo"
                            2 => "D&#46; Keady"
                            3 => "U&#46; Niriain"
                            4 => "D&#46; O&#8217;Donovan"
                            5 => "M&#46; Commane"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhin.2010.12.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hosp Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "77"
                        "paginaInicial" => "338"
                        "paginaFinal" => "342"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330007"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit&#58; impact of infection control measures plus palivizumab use"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;de A&#46; Silva"
                            1 => "L&#46; Dias"
                            2 => "S&#46;R&#46; Baltieri"
                            3 => "T&#46;T&#46; Rodrigues"
                            4 => "N&#46;B&#46; Takagi"
                            5 => "R&#46; Richtmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/2047-2994-1-16"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958306"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Palivizumab use during respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in the neonatal intensive care unit"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Alan"
                            1 => "E&#46; Okulu"
                            2 => "A&#46; Kili&#231;"
                            3 => "B&#46; Atasay"
                            4 => "S&#46; Arsan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhin.2012.05.011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hosp Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "292"
                        "paginaFinal" => "293"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22727129"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of palivizumab with other infection control measures to control respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks in neonatal care units"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;S&#46; Hammoud"
                            1 => "A&#46; Al-Taiar"
                            2 => "A&#46; Raina"
                            3 => "D&#46; Elsori"
                            4 => "S&#46; Al-Qabandi"
                            5 => "M&#46; Al-Essa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/tropej/fmw025"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Trop Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "409"
                        "paginaFinal" => "414"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118823"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Moreno Parejo"
                            1 => "A&#46; Morillo Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "C&#46; Lozano Dom&#237;nguez"
                            3 => "C&#46; Carre&#241;o Ochoa"
                            4 => "J&#46; Aznar Mart&#237;n"
                            5 => "M&#46; Conde Herrera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "85"
                        "paginaInicial" => "119"
                        "paginaFinal" => "127"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Functional analysis of the 60-nucleotide duplication in the respiratory syncytial virus Buenos Aires strain attachment glycoprotein"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;L&#46; Hotard"
                            1 => "E&#46; Laikhter"
                            2 => "K&#46; Brooks"
                            3 => "T&#46;V&#46; Hartert"
                            4 => "M&#46;L&#46; Moore"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1128/JVI.01045-15"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Virol"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "8258"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8266"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26018171"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genotypes and clinical data of respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus in Brazilian infants&#58; a new perspective"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;G&#46; Riccetto"
                            1 => "L&#46;H&#46; Silva"
                            2 => "F&#46;R&#46; Spilki"
                            3 => "A&#46;M&#46; Morcillo"
                            4 => "C&#46;W&#46; Arns"
                            5 => "E&#46;C&#46; Baracat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/s1413-86702009000100008"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Braz J Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "35"
                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578627"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0967586816309948"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "09675868"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic variability of respiratory syncytial viruses &#40;RSV&#41; prevalent in Southwestern China from 2006 to 2009&#58; emergence of subgroup B and A RSV as dominant strains"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Z&#46;-Y&#46; Zhang"
                            1 => "L&#46;-N&#46; Du"
                            2 => "X&#46; Chen"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Zhao"
                            4 => "E&#46;-M&#46; Liu"
                            5 => "X&#46;-Q&#46; Yang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.02258-09"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1201"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1207"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20147636"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0967586811001470"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "09675868"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus A strains circulating in Ontario&#58; a novel genotype with a 72 nucleotide G gene duplication"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Eshaghi"
                            1 => "V&#46;R&#46; Duvvuri"
                            2 => "R&#46; Lai"
                            3 => "J&#46;T&#46; Nadarajah"
                            4 => "A&#46; Li"
                            5 => "S&#46;N&#46; Patel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0032807"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PloS One"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e32807"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470426"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Rapid spread of the novel respiratory syncytial virus A ON1 genotype&#44; central Italy&#44; 2011 to 2013"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Pierangeli"
                            1 => "D&#46; Trotta"
                            2 => "C&#46; Scagnolari"
                            3 => "M&#46;L&#46; Ferreri"
                            4 => "A&#46; Nicolai"
                            5 => "F&#46; Midulla"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Euro Surveill"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus&#44; 2010&#8211;2011&#58; identification of genotype ON1 and a new subgroup B genotype in Thailand"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Auksornkitti"
                            1 => "N&#46; Kamprasert"
                            2 => "S&#46; Thongkomplew"
                            3 => "K&#46; Suwannakarn"
                            4 => "A&#46; Theamboonlers"
                            5 => "R&#46; Samransamruajkij"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00705-013-1773-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Virol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "159"
                        "paginaInicial" => "499"
                        "paginaFinal" => "507"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24068580"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infection with novel respiratory syncytial virus genotype Ontario &#40;ON1&#41; in adult hematopoietic cell transplant recipients&#44; Texas&#44; 2011&#8211;2013"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Avadhanula"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Chemaly"
                            2 => "D&#46;P&#46; Shah"
                            3 => "S&#46;S&#46; Ghantoji"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Azzi"
                            5 => "L&#46;O&#46; Aideyan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/infdis/jiu473"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "211"
                        "paginaInicial" => "582"
                        "paginaFinal" => "589"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25156562"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic analysis of attachment glycoprotein &#40;G&#41; gene in new genotype ON1 of human respiratory syncytial virus detected in Japan"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tsukagoshi"
                            1 => "H&#46; Yokoi"
                            2 => "M&#46; Kobayashi"
                            3 => "I&#46; Kushibuchi"
                            4 => "R&#46; Okamoto-Nakagawa"
                            5 => "A&#46; Yoshida"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/1348-0421.12075"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Microbiol Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "655"
                        "paginaFinal" => "659"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750702"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genetic diversity and evolutionary insights of respiratory syncytial virus A ON1 genotype&#58; global and local transmission dynamics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46;R&#46; Duvvuri"
                            1 => "A&#46; Granados"
                            2 => "P&#46; Rosenfeld"
                            3 => "J&#46; Bahl"
                            4 => "A&#46; Eshaghi"
                            5 => "J&#46;B&#46; Gubbay"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/srep14268"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sci Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "14268"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420660"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000002/v1_202003290632/S0021755718307587/v1_202003290632/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "10179"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00217557/0000009600000002/v1_202003290632/S0021755718307587/v1_202003290632/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000049&text.app=https://jped.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755718307587?idApp=UINPBA000049"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 96. Issue 2.
Pages 233-239 (March - April 2020)
Visits
3211
Vol. 96. Issue 2.
Pages 233-239 (March - April 2020)
Original article
Open Access
First report of two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks by the novel genotypes ON-1 and NA-2 in a neonatal intensive care unit
Primeiro relato de dois surtos consecutivos de vírus sincicial respiratório pelos novos genótipos ON-1 e NA-2 em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Visits
3211
Daniella Gregoria Bomfim Prado da Silvaa, Flávia Jacqueline Almeidab, Mariana Volpe Arnonic, Marco Aurélio Palazzi Sáfadib, Marcelo Jenne Mimicab, Daniel Jarovskyb,
Corresponding author
daniel@jarovsky.com.br

Corresponding author.
, Gabriela Pereira de Almeida Rossettid, Mauricio Magalhãesd, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveirae, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazellie, Thais Cristina Colmanettie, Edison Luiz Durigone, Eitan Naaman Berezinb
a Santa Casa de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
b Santa Casa de São Paulo, Unidade de Infectologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
c Santa Casa de São Paulo, Unidade de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
d Santa Casa de São Paulo, Unidade Neonatal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
e Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (3)
Show moreShow less
Tables (1)
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients infected by RSV in the first outbreak (caused by ON-1 genotype) and second outbreak (caused by NA-2 genotype).
Abstract
Objective

Respiratory syncytial virus is a pathogen frequently involved in nosocomial outbreaks. Although several studies have reported nosocomial outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units, molecular epidemiology data are scarce. Here, the authors describe two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks caused by genotypes ON-1 and NA-2 in a neonatal intensive care unit in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods

A prospective search for respiratory syncytial virus was performed after diagnosing the index case and four other symptomatic newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples of all patients in the neonatal intensive care unit were tested for 17 respiratory viruses using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping was performed using nucleotide sequencing.

Results

From May to August 2013, two different outbreaks were detected in the neonatal intensive care unit. A total of 20 infants were infected with respiratory syncytial virus-A (ten and 14 with ON-1 and NA-2 genotypes, respectively). The mean age of the infants was 10 days, mean birth weight was 1,961g, and the mean gestational age was 33 weeks. Risk factors (heart disease, lung disease, and prematurity) were present in 80% and 85.7% of infants in the ON-1 and NA-2 groups, respectively. In total, 45.8% of infants were asymptomatic and 20.8% required mechanical ventilation. Coinfections were not detected during the outbreaks.

Conclusions

Infants in a neonatal intensive care unit who develop abrupt respiratory symptoms should be tested for respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus. Even in the absence of severe symptoms, respiratory syncytial virus detection can prevent nosocomial transmission through infection control measures. A better understanding of respiratory syncytial virus molecular epidemiology is essential for developing new vaccines and antiviral drugs against respiratory syncytial virus.

Keywords:
Respiratory syncytial virus
ON-1
NA-2
Outbreak
Neonatal intensive care unit
Resumo
Objetivo

O vírus sincicial respiratório é um patógeno frequentemente envolvido em surtos nosocomiais. Embora vários estudos tenham relatado tais surtos em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal, os dados epidemiológicos moleculares são escassos. Neste artigo, descrevemos dois surtos consecutivos de vírus sincicial respiratório causados pelos genótipos ON-1 e NA-2 em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal em São Paulo, Brasil.

Métodos

Uma busca prospectiva por vírus sincicial respiratório foi realizada após o diagnóstico do caso índice e outros quatro recém-nascidos sintomáticos na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Amostras de aspirado nasofaríngeo de todos os pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal foram testadas para 17 vírus respiratórios com reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa em tempo real. A genotipagem foi realizada utilizando sequenciamento de nucleotídeos.

Resultados

De maio a agosto de 2013, foram detectados dois surtos diferentes na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Vinte e quatro crianças foram infectadas com vírus sincicial respiratório-A (10 e 14 com os genótipos ON-1 e NA-2, respectivamente). A média da idade dos lactentes era de 10 dias, o peso médio ao nascer foi de 1961g e a idade gestacional média de 33 semanas. Fatores de risco (doença cardíaca, doença pulmonar e prematuridade) estavam presentes em 80% e 85,7% dos bebês nos grupos ON-1 e NA-2, respectivamente. No total, 45,8% dos lactentes eram assintomáticos e 20,8% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica. Não foram detectadas coinfecções durante os surtos.

Conclusões

Bebês em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal que desenvolvem sintomas respiratórios abruptos devem ser testados para vírus respiratórios, especialmente o vírus sincicial respiratório. Mesmo na ausência de sintomas graves, a detecção de vírus sincicial respiratório pode prevenir a transmissão nosocomial através de medidas de controle de infecção. Um melhor entendimento da epidemiologia molecular do vírus sincicial respiratório é essencial para o desenvolvimento de novas vacinas e drogas antivirais contra o vírus sincicial respiratório.

Palavras-chave:
Vírus sincicial respiratório
ON-1
NA-2
Surto
Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Full Text
Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is potentially life-threatening in infants, particularly in premature infants and those with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. RSV causes severe outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, as well as increased financial costs.1,2 Conventional infection control methods, such as hand hygiene and patient isolation in cohorts, are recommended; however, these procedures may be supplemented by the use of palivizumab (Synagis® – MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA).2

RSV is divided into types A (RSV-A) and B (RSV-B), based on antigenic differences derived from their glycoproteins G and F, and further categorized into subtypes, based on the variable domain of the attachment G protein. Type A often tends to be more dominant and associated with enhanced disease severity.3 Reinfection by RSV is a common occurrence, because many genotypes can circulate concomitantly. This variability might contribute to the ability of the virus to cause yearly outbreaks and severe disease.4,5 Furthermore, previous reports of RSV infection outbreaks have described varying degrees of disease severity, but have not controlled for the presence of different viral genotypes that may have different virulence.

In Brazil, there is a paucity of data in neonates, regarding the molecular epidemiology of RSV and the emergence of novel viral strains. Although the circulation of NA1 and ON1 RSV genotypes have already been described, the impact on the course of RSV infection in NICUs and possible outbreaks remain to be determined.6–10 The authors report two consecutive RSV outbreaks caused by different genotypes (ON1 and NA2) in a Brazilian NICU. Since early detection of cases is crucial for containment of viral transmission, the study aimed to clarify the importance of molecular detection and typing, as well as infection control measures, in this challenging setting.

Materials and methodsDesign of the nursery

Santa Casa de São Paulo is a tertiary general hospital in downtown São Paulo, with approximately 2000 births annually. The Department of Obstetrics is a referral delivery service for municipal high-risk pregnancy programs, and approximately 15% of newborns require intensive care. The NICU has 28 beds (14 in the intermediate care unit and 14 in the intensive care unit), which are divided among four physically separated wards (Fig. 1). Infants in the main NICU room are kept in either closed incubators or open radiant warmers, and many of them require mechanical ventilation (MV). For those in incubators, most of the routine care is provided through side doors, which are kept closed when not in use. Those in the intermediate care unit stay in open bassinets or closed incubators and do not require MV.

Figure 1.

Schematic and simplified neonatal intensive care unit floor plan and spatial distribution of the cohorts, as part of the control measures used during the outbreaks.

(0.07MB).

In average, more than 65 different healthcare professionals have physical contact with the babies in the NICU daily: six neonatal hospitalists, eight neonatal fellows, four pediatric residents, four medical school graduation students, six nurse practitioners, 34 nurse technicians, and five respiratory therapists. After hand cleaning and replacement of personal clothing by aprons (provided by the hospital), parents are allowed to visit all wards and to participate in the care of their babies. Children under 18 years of age are not allowed to enter the NICU.

Clinical diagnosis

Upper respiratory tract infection was defined when cough and rhinorrhea were present. Bronchiolitis diagnosis was made based on the following symptoms: tachypnea, wheezing, cough, crepitus, and/or nasal flaring.

Outbreak investigation

After the identification of a symptomatic infant with confirmed RSV infection, nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were collected from all infants hospitalized in the NICU. NPA surveillance was repeated twice a week in all patients. The samples were sent to the Institute of Biomedical Science of the University of São Paulo.

Viral RNA was extracted with the automatic NucliSens easyMAG extractor (Biomerieux Inc., Durham, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Real-time reverse transcription (RRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with the AgPath-ID one-step RRT-PCR kit and the 7300 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). To identify the pathogen responsible for the outbreak, the RRT-PCR was performed with a non-influenza virus RRT-PCR Panel Kit to detect 15 respiratory viruses – RSV group A and group B, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, human coronaviruses (HCoV-HKU, -NL63, -OC43, and 229E), human parainfluenza virus (types 1, 2, 3, and 4), human bocavirus, human enterovirus, and human rhinovirus, which were provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC – Atlanta, GA, USA),11 and commercial primers and probes for influenza A and B (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA).

Positive qPCR samples were amplified by conventional two-step PCR for DNA sequencing: cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript III kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Analyses of the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene was carried out using PCR with the primers Gr5_fw12 and FVAB_rev13 in a mixture containing 5μL of cDNA, 5μL of 10× PCR buffer, 25mM of each dNTP, 10pmol of each primer, 1.0U of Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA), and nuclease-free water for a final volume of 25μL. The second step of semi-nested PCR was performed for negative samples from the first PCR, using the forward primer GR5_fwd and reverse primer F1AB_rev14 in the same conditions as used for conventional PCR. The amplification was performed using the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) using the following program: 95°C for 5min, followed by 35 cycles, each consisting of 30s at 95°C, 30s at 55°C, and 45s at 72°C, and finally 5min of extension at 72°C. The amplified products were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under ultraviolet light after staining with ethidium bromide. The amplified products of gene G of ∼1052 and 900bp, produced using conventional PCR and semi-nested PCR, consecutively, were purified using ExoSap-IT (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, USA) and submitted to a cycle sequencing reaction (Sanger) using a fluorescent dye terminator kit with all primers, GR5, FV, and F1AB, in the 3100 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). Both strands of each amplification product were sequenced at least twice. Sequence editing, alignments, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the MegAlign 5.03v software (DNAStar Inc., Madison, USA). Standard published sequences from subgroup A were downloaded from GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) as a reference of different lineages and genotypes.

Ethics

The study was approved by the local research ethics committee.

ResultsFirst outbreak (May)

The index case involved a 30-day-old preterm boy (33 weeks of gestational age) with a birth weight of 2290g who had been hospitalized since birth because of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. He was being weaned off oxygen supplementation in the intermediate care unit when cough, runny nose, and fever started. Respiratory failure developed rapidly, requiring MV. Five days later, five infants (out of 17 who were in the NICU) developed respiratory symptoms; therefore, an outbreak was declared (Fig. 2). On the same day, NPA samples were collected from all patients in the NICU for RRT-PCR respiratory virus detection. Ten infants were infected with RSV, of whom only three shared the ward with the index case. The attack rate was 58.8%, and only one fatality occurred (CFR=10%). However, the death was not attributed to RSV infection, since the patient did not present with respiratory symptoms and had congenital pulmonary hypoplasia, which was considered the cause of death. Additional information is provided in Table 1.

Figure 2.

Outbreaks timeline.

(0.16MB).
Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients infected by RSV in the first outbreak (caused by ON-1 genotype) and second outbreak (caused by NA-2 genotype).

  1st outbreak: RSV-A type ON-1 (n=10)  2nd outbreak: RSV-A type NA-2 (n=14) 
Characteristics
Gestational age (mean, weeks)  34.9  33.4 
Birth weight (mean, g)  2.327  1.700 
Age at onset (mean, days)  35.4  14.3 
Comorbidities
Congenital heart disease  2 (20%)  1 (7.1%) 
Lung disease  1 (10%)  – 
Prematurity (<37 weeks)  5 (50%)  11 (78.6%) 
Concurrent or previous late-onset sepsis  3 (30%)  5 (35.7%) 
Clinical presentation and outcomes
Asymptomatic  3 (30%)  8 (57.1%) 
Mild upper respiratory infection  2 (20%)  1 (7.1%) 
Bronchiolitis without MV  4 (40%)  1 (7.1%) 
Bronchiolitis with MV  1 (10%)  4 (28.6%) 
Deaths  1 (10%)  2 (14.3%) 

RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; Upper respiratory tract infection: presence of cough, rhinorrhea; Bronchiolitis: tachypnea, wheezing, cough, crepitus and/or nasal flaring; MV, mechanical ventilation.

Contact and respiratory precautions were immediately implemented. All infants in the NICU were separated into three different cohorts. RSV-positive infants were placed in ward 1, under contact and respiratory precautions. RSV-negative infants who had previous contact with any of the RSV-positive infants were placed in wards 2 and 3, under contact precautions only. RSV-negative infants who had never had contact with RSV-positive patients were placed in ward 4.

Healthcare staff was also divided across the wards, and their internal rotating schedules were suspended. Fifty of them had NPA and saliva specimens tested for respiratory virus, which were negative. NICU visitation was restricted and its duration was reduced. Infection control measures were reinforced for healthcare staff and infants’ families by the infection control group and NICU members, and they included hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and increased awareness of respiratory symptoms. On the second day of the outbreak, palivizumab was administered to all infants in the NICU.

NPA surveillance (testing for the 17 respiratory viruses as previously described) was performed twice a week in all infants in the NICU so that viral shedding duration and possible co-infections could be determined. Follow-up continued for four weeks after the last positive sample was identified. RSV-positive infants were kept isolated until NICU discharge and were tested weekly using PCR until a negative result was achieved. The longest viral shedding period was 29 days.

Second outbreak (June)

During the following 24 days, no other infants in the NICU developed symptoms suggestive of RSV infection; therefore, the first outbreak was considered controlled. Thirty-four days after the index case, a new outbreak was identified, and control measures were reinstated (Fig. 2). Fourteen infants had RSV identified in respiratory secretions (Table 1). Palivizumab was administered only to RSV-PCR-negative infants with risk factors (eight patients). In this second outbreak, the attack rate was 63.6%, and two deaths occurred (CFR=14.3%). Both infants were premature and were receiving MV when RSV infection was detected. Their deaths were attributed to bacterial sepsis; however, RSV could have contributed. The longest viral shedding time was 14 days.

Characteristics of infected infants

Among the 24 RSV-positive infants, 15 (62.5%) were born prematurely at less than 37 weeks of gestation (Table 1). The mean gestational age was 33 weeks (range: 28–40 weeks), mean age at diagnosis was 27.5 days (range: 1–80 days), and mean birth weight was 1961g (range: 765–3440g). A total of 11 infants (45.8%) were asymptomatic. Among the symptomatic infants, 12.6% presented with mild upper respiratory symptoms (cough or coryza) or fever, 20.8% presented with bronchiolitis without the need for MV, and an additional 20.8% required invasive ventilatory support. Six infants would be eligible by the Brazilian guidelines to receive palivizumab.15 In both outbreaks, the available data were not sufficient to establish independent risk factors for RSV infection.

Genotypic characterization

Molecular analysis was performed for all 24 RSV-positive samples (Fig. 3). Viruses isolated during the first outbreak were characterized as RSV-A type ON-1, while all infections during the second outbreak were caused by RSV-A type NA-2. Aminoacid analysis evidenced a characteristic genetic signature in the second outbreak samples. No viral coinfection was detected in either outbreak.

Figure 3.

Phylogenetic tree of isolated virus during the outbreaks.

(0.42MB).
Discussion

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of two consecutive neonatal outbreaks caused by two distinct genotypes of RSV in Brazil. Together, the episodes affected 24 infants in a high complexity NICU and occurred in the RSV post-peak period (the highest viral circulation rates occur between March and May in São Paulo). The RRT-PCR assay and genetic sequence analysis were pivotal in the confirmation of the two distinct outbreaks and the adoption of control measures, including palivizumab.

Preterm infants with underlying heart or pulmonary disease are more prone to developing severe symptoms when infected with RSV. Compared with community-acquired infections, nosocomial infections are associated with significantly higher mortality.2 The attack rates among RSV outbreaks in NICU reported in the literature vary from 9 to 55%.16–21 The attack rates observed in the present study were much higher, reaching 58.8% during the first outbreak and unexpectedly reaching 63.6% in the second. Such disparity could be attributed to the fact that most of the present patients were presumably naïve to the new genotypes described and that none had received palivizumab before the onset of the outbreak. The absence of protective immunity in the infants and their mothers could allow more efficient virus replication and transmission. Furthermore, such emergent genotypes appear to have a fitness advantage over preceding genotypes of the same RSV group.22

In contrast, the authors did not observe an increased frequency of severe disease because only 10% of the patients in the ON-1 group and 28.6% in the NA-2 group developed respiratory failure and required MV. Such frequency could be explained by the relatively high mean gestational age (34 weeks) of the present patients. Although no extremely preterm infants were included, all five RSV-infected infants who required MV were born prematurely at less than 33 weeks, reinforcing the contribution of prematurity as a major risk factor for severe RSV infection.

There are no guidelines for the use of palivizumab during outbreaks in healthcare settings. Small studies that used palivizumab in NICUs as a component of outbreak control procedures were retrieved in the literature.17–20 When the first outbreak was detected in this setting, all 17 patients in the NICU received palivizumab, while palivizumab was available only to RSV-negative patients in the second outbreak due to the limited amount of medication available and its high cost. Although the minority of infants had a strict indication of receiving palivizumab, the authors believe the broad and prompt administration of the drug may have contributed to the timely control and the low morbidity/mortality in the studied population.

Previous studies described the co-circulation of RSV groups A and B in epidemic periods, including in Brazilian populations.5,7,9,23,24 RSV-A was responsible for both outbreaks; however, our cases occurred in a closed unit. Nevertheless, two different RSV-A genotypes were identified in the NICU: ON-1 and NA-2. The first is a novel genotype with large duplications of amino acids in the attachment G glycoprotein. It was first reported in December 2010 in Ontario, Canada and has been rapidly spreading globally.22,25–30

The occurrence of RSV and specific genotypes during nosocomial outbreaks may mirror the circulation of the virus in the community. This is partially demonstrated by the time of these outbreaks, which respect the seasonality in São Paulo.

In summary, early etiologic diagnosis is especially relevant for antiviral therapy and isolation measures to prevent hospital outbreaks, reducing the need for additional diagnostic procedures and length of hospital stay. A better understanding of RSV molecular epidemiology is essential for vaccine and antiviral drug development, and other control measures against RSV infection.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References
[1]
J. Figueras-Aloy, P. Manzoni, B. Paes, E.A. Simões, L. Bont, P.A. Checchia, et al.
Defining the risk and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among preterm infants without chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease.
Infect Dis Ther, 5 (2016), pp. 417-452
[2]
C.E. French, B.C. McKenzie, C. Coope, S. Rajanaidu, K. Paranthaman, R. Pebody, et al.
Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 10 (2016), pp. 268-290
[3]
R. Rodriguez-Fernandez, L.I. Tapia, C.-F. Yang, J.P. Torres, S. Chavez-Bueno, C. Garcia, et al.
Respiratory syncytial virus genotypes, host immune profiles, and disease severity in young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
J Infect Dis, 217 (2017), pp. 24-34
[4]
T.C. Peret, C.B. Hall, G.W. Hammond, P.A. Piedra, G.A. Storch, W.M. Sullender, et al.
Circulation patterns of group A and B human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in 5 communities in North America.
J Infect Dis, 181 (2000), pp. 1891-1896
[5]
M. Yamaguchi, Y. Sano, I.C. Dapat, R. Saito, Y. Suzuki, A. Kumaki, et al.
High frequency of repeated infections due to emerging genotypes of human respiratory syncytial viruses among children during eight successive epidemic seasons in Japan.
J Clin Microbiol, 49 (2011), pp. 1034-1040
[6]
F. de-Paris, C. Beck, L. de Souza Nunes, A.B. Machado, R.M. Paiva, D. da Silva Menezes, et al.
Evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus group A and B genotypes among nosocomial and community-acquired pediatric infections in Southern Brazil.
[7]
L.G. Gardinassi, P.V. Simas, D.E. Gomes, C.M. do Bonfim, F.C. Nogueira, G.R. Garcia, et al.
Diversity and adaptation of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in two distinct communities: public hospital and day care center.
Viruses, 4 (2012), pp. 2432-2447
[8]
L.H. da Silva, F.R. Spilki, A.G. Riccetto, R.S. de Almeida, E.C. Baracat, C.W. Arns.
Genetic variability in the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus isolated from the Campinas metropolitan region, Brazil.
J Med Virol, 80 (2008), pp. 1653-1660
[9]
F.E. Moura, A. Blanc, S. Frabasile, A. Delfraro, M.J. de Sierra, L. Tome, et al.
Genetic diversity of respiratory syncytial virus isolated during an epidemic period from children of northeastern Brazil.
J Med Virol, 74 (2004), pp. 156-160
[10]
S.E. Vieira, L.M. Thomazelli, M. de Paulis, A.E. Ferronato, D.B. Oliveira, M.B. Martinez, et al.
Infections caused by HRSV A ON1 are predominant among hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis in São Paulo City.
BioMed Res Int, 2017 (2017), pp. 3459785
[11]
S.K. Sakthivel, B. Whitaker, X. Lu, D.B. Oliveira, L.J. Stockman, S. Kamili, et al.
Comparison of fast-track diagnostics respiratory pathogens multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay with in-house singleplex assays for comprehensive detection of human respiratory viruses.
J Virol Methods, 185 (2012), pp. 259-266
[12]
M.C. Sanz, O.M. Kew, L.J. Anderson.
Genetic heterogeneity of the attachment glycoprotein G among group A respiratory syncytial viruses.
Virus Res, 33 (1994), pp. 203-217
[13]
H. Zheng, T.C. Peret, V.B. Randolph, J.C. Crowley, L.J. Anderson.
Strain-specific reverse transcriptase PCR assay: means to distinguish candidate vaccine from wild-type strains of respiratory syncytial virus.
J Clin Microbiol, 34 (1996), pp. 334-337
[14]
T.C. Peret, C.B. Hall, K.C. Schnabel, J.A. Golub, L.J. Anderson.
Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community.
J Gen Virol, 79 (1998), pp. 2221-2229
[15]
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Protocolo de uso de palivizumabe para prevenção da infecção pelo vírus sincicial respiratório. 2013. [cited 2018 Aug 27]. Available from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/sas/2013/prt0522_13_05_2013.html.
[16]
E.A. Dizdar, C. Aydemir, O. Erdeve, F.N. Sari, S. Oguz, N. Uras, et al.
Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak defined by rapid screening in a neonatal intensive care unit.
J Hosp Infect, 75 (2010), pp. 292-294
[17]
K. O’Connell, T.W. Boo, D. Keady, U. Niriain, D. O’Donovan, M. Commane, et al.
Use of palivizumab and infection control measures to control an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a neonatal intensive care unit confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
J Hosp Infect, 77 (2011), pp. 338-342
[18]
C.de A. Silva, L. Dias, S.R. Baltieri, T.T. Rodrigues, N.B. Takagi, R. Richtmann.
Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit: impact of infection control measures plus palivizumab use.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 1 (2012), pp. 16
[19]
S. Alan, E. Okulu, A. Kiliç, B. Atasay, S. Arsan.
Palivizumab use during respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in the neonatal intensive care unit.
J Hosp Infect, 81 (2012), pp. 292-293
[20]
M.S. Hammoud, A. Al-Taiar, A. Raina, D. Elsori, S. Al-Qabandi, M. Al-Essa.
Use of palivizumab with other infection control measures to control respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks in neonatal care units.
J Trop Pediatr, 62 (2016), pp. 409-414
[21]
C. Moreno Parejo, A. Morillo García, C. Lozano Domínguez, C. Carreño Ochoa, J. Aznar Martín, M. Conde Herrera.
Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit.
An Pediatr, 85 (2016), pp. 119-127
[22]
A.L. Hotard, E. Laikhter, K. Brooks, T.V. Hartert, M.L. Moore.
Functional analysis of the 60-nucleotide duplication in the respiratory syncytial virus Buenos Aires strain attachment glycoprotein.
J Virol, 89 (2015), pp. 8258-8266
[23]
A.G. Riccetto, L.H. Silva, F.R. Spilki, A.M. Morcillo, C.W. Arns, E.C. Baracat.
Genotypes and clinical data of respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus in Brazilian infants: a new perspective.
Braz J Infect Dis, 13 (2009), pp. 35-39
[24]
Z.-Y. Zhang, L.-N. Du, X. Chen, Y. Zhao, E.-M. Liu, X.-Q. Yang, et al.
Genetic variability of respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) prevalent in Southwestern China from 2006 to 2009: emergence of subgroup B and A RSV as dominant strains.
J Clin Microbiol, 48 (2010), pp. 1201-1207
[25]
A. Eshaghi, V.R. Duvvuri, R. Lai, J.T. Nadarajah, A. Li, S.N. Patel, et al.
Genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus A strains circulating in Ontario: a novel genotype with a 72 nucleotide G gene duplication.
[26]
A. Pierangeli, D. Trotta, C. Scagnolari, M.L. Ferreri, A. Nicolai, F. Midulla, et al.
Rapid spread of the novel respiratory syncytial virus A ON1 genotype, central Italy, 2011 to 2013.
Euro Surveill, 19 (2014),
[27]
V. Auksornkitti, N. Kamprasert, S. Thongkomplew, K. Suwannakarn, A. Theamboonlers, R. Samransamruajkij, et al.
Molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus, 2010–2011: identification of genotype ON1 and a new subgroup B genotype in Thailand.
Arch Virol, 159 (2014), pp. 499-507
[28]
V. Avadhanula, R.F. Chemaly, D.P. Shah, S.S. Ghantoji, J.M. Azzi, L.O. Aideyan, et al.
Infection with novel respiratory syncytial virus genotype Ontario (ON1) in adult hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, Texas, 2011–2013.
J Infect Dis, 211 (2015), pp. 582-589
[29]
H. Tsukagoshi, H. Yokoi, M. Kobayashi, I. Kushibuchi, R. Okamoto-Nakagawa, A. Yoshida, et al.
Genetic analysis of attachment glycoprotein (G) gene in new genotype ON1 of human respiratory syncytial virus detected in Japan.
Microbiol Immunol, 57 (2013), pp. 655-659
[30]
V.R. Duvvuri, A. Granados, P. Rosenfeld, J. Bahl, A. Eshaghi, J.B. Gubbay.
Genetic diversity and evolutionary insights of respiratory syncytial virus A ON1 genotype: global and local transmission dynamics.
Sci Rep, 5 (2015), pp. 14268

Please cite this article as: Silva DG, Almeida FJ, Arnoni MV, Sáfadi MA, Mimica MJ, Jarovsky D, et al. First report of two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks by the novel genotypes ON-1 and NA-2 in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:233–9.

Copyright © 2018. Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Jornal de Pediatria (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
en pt
Taxa de publicaçao Publication fee
Os artigos submetidos a partir de 1º de setembro de 2018, que forem aceitos para publicação no Jornal de Pediatria, estarão sujeitos a uma taxa para que tenham sua publicação garantida. O artigo aceito somente será publicado após a comprovação do pagamento da taxa de publicação. Ao submeterem o manuscrito a este jornal, os autores concordam com esses termos. A submissão dos manuscritos continua gratuita. Para mais informações, contate assessoria@jped.com.br. Articles submitted as of September 1, 2018, which are accepted for publication in the Jornal de Pediatria, will be subject to a fee to have their publication guaranteed. The accepted article will only be published after proof of the publication fee payment. By submitting the manuscript to this journal, the authors agree to these terms. Manuscript submission remains free of charge. For more information, contact assessoria@jped.com.br.
Cookies policy Política de cookies
To improve our services and products, we use "cookies" (own or third parties authorized) to show advertising related to client preferences through the analyses of navigation customer behavior. Continuing navigation will be considered as acceptance of this use. You can change the settings or obtain more information by clicking here. Utilizamos cookies próprios e de terceiros para melhorar nossos serviços e mostrar publicidade relacionada às suas preferências, analisando seus hábitos de navegação. Se continuar a navegar, consideramos que aceita o seu uso. Você pode alterar a configuração ou obter mais informações aqui.