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Vol. 90. Issue 3.
Pages 258-266 (May - June 2014)
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Vol. 90. Issue 3.
Pages 258-266 (May - June 2014)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL
Open Access
Secular trends and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian preschool children: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996, and 2006/07
Tendência secular e fatores associados ao excesso de peso entre pré-escolares brasileiros: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996 e 2006/07
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Jonas Augusto C. Silveiraa,
Corresponding author
jonasnutri@yahoo.com.br

Corresponding author.
, Fernando Antônio B. Colugnatib, Monize Cocettia, José Augusto A.C. Taddeia
a Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
b Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
Related content
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:218-2010.1016/j.jpedp.2014.01.003
Aryeh D. Stein
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Objective

to describe the secular trends in overweight among preschool children in the years 1989, 1996, and 2006, and to identify risk factors associated with this condition in 2006.

Methods

anthropometric data from three surveys (1989, 1996, and 2006) with a representative sample of the population were analyzed. Overweight was defined as the weight-for-height Z-score. The multivariable models of overweight association with risk factors were generated by Poisson regression, and the estimates were shown as prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]).

Results

throughout the 17-year period studied, the relative prevalence of overweight in preschoolers increased by 160% in Brazil, representing an increase of 9.4% per year. Based on data from the National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children - 2006/07, four multivariable models were created (macro-environmental, maternal, individual, and final model) assuming hierarchy among the risk factors. In the final model, only the following remained associated with overweight: regions South/ Southeast (1.55 [1.17 to 2.06]), middle-class (1.35 [1.02 to 1.77]), maternal obesity (1.66 [1.22 to 2.27]), birth weight ≥ 3.9kg (1.87 [1.31 to 2.67]), and being an only child or having only one sibling (1.81 [1.31 to 2.49]).

Conclusion

the prevalence of overweight among preschool children in Brazil has increased dramatically over the past 17 years, and it was higher in the 1996-2006 period.

Future strategies for prevention and control of overweight in public health should focus or intensify actions in communities that are characterized by the presence of the risks identified in the present study.

Keywords:
Preschooler
Overweight
Obesity
Epidemiological surveys
Nutritional epidemiology
Brazil
Resumo
Objetivo

descrever a tendência secular do excesso de peso (EP) entre pré-escolares nos anos de 1989, 1996 e 2006 e identificar os fatores de risco associados a esta condição em 2006.

Métodos

análise dos dados de três inquéritos antropométricos (1989, 1996 e 2006) com a mostra representativa da população brasileira. O EP foi definido como o escore-Z de peso-para-altura > + 2. Os modelos multivariáveis de associação do EP com os fatores de risco foram gerados por meio da regressão de Poisson e as estimativas apresentadas como razão de prevalência com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (RP [IC 95%]).

Resultados

no período de 17 anos estudado, a prevalência relativa do EP em pré-esco- lares aumentou em 160% no Brasil, representando incremento de 9,4% ao ano. A partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Mulher e da Criança-2006/07 criamos quatro modelos multivariáveis (macroambiental, materno, individual, modelo final) assumindo hierarquia entre os fatores de risco. No modelo final, permaneceram como fatores associados ao EP: as macrorregiões Sul/Sudeste (1,55 [1,17–2,06]), a classe média (1,35 [1,02–1,77]), a obesidade materna (1,66 [1,22–2,27]), o peso ao nascer > 3,9 kg (1,87 [1,31–2,67]) e ser filho único ou possuir um irmão (1,81 [1,31–2,49]). Conclusão: a prevalência de EP entre pré-escolares no Brasil aumentou drasticamente nos últimos 17 anos, sendo mais intenso no intervalo de 1996-2006. Futuras estratégias de prevenção e controle do EP em saúde pública devem considerar em seu escopo, ou intensificar suas ações, nas coletividades que se caracterizem pela presença dos riscos identificados neste trabalho.

Palavras-chave:
Pré-escolar
Sobrepeso
Obesidade
Inquéritos epidemiológicos
Epidemiologia nutricional
Brasil
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Como citar este artigo: Silveira JA, Colugnati FA, Cocetti M, Taddei JA. Secular trends and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian preschool children: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996, and 2006/07. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:258-66.

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