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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dendrogram of gene&#8211;gene interaction of obese patients and controls&#46; The colors of the caption comprise a spectrum representing the transition of synergism &#40;black&#41; for redundancy &#40;gray&#41;&#46; Observe the following interactions&#58; synergism between rs9939609 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> and rs10149779 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> and redundancy between those and rs9302648 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide&#46; Over the past decades&#44; rates of overweight and obesity among children have largely increased both in developed and developing countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Obesity is a result of environmental factors interacting with a polygenic background&#59; the heritability ranges from 40&#37; to 70&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A recent meta-regression analysis showed that heritability was higher in children than in adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Long-term studies have shown that childhood obesity leads to clustering of metabolic syndrome &#40;MetS&#41; components&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which include abdominal obesity&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; insulin resistance&#44; type II diabetes&#44; and hypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It is well known that overweight and obese children have a higher risk to become obese in adulthood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genome-wide association studies &#40;GWAS&#41; identified the Fat mass and obesity associated gene &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#41; as associated with human adiposity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene is related to obesity risk&#44; especially the single nucleotide polymorphism &#40;SNP&#41; rs9939609&#44; which has been further confirmed by others independent studies in different human populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> Due to the close relationship between diabetes and obesity&#44; another interesting gene is the V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#41;&#44; which is thought to mediate many metabolic&#44; mitogenic&#44; and anti-apoptotic effects of insulin&#44; IGF-1&#44; and IL-3&#44; and other growth factors and cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> Moreover&#44; Akt also stimulates glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> as well as protein synthesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Several studies correlate insulin resistance to impairments at Akt pathway and&#44; in certain conditions&#44; these alterations can be of genetic origin&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>-binding protein &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> or Ft1&#41;&#44; located near to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> at the same GWAS risk locus for obesity at chromosome 16 &#40;16q12&#46;2&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> appears to be another target for investigation&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#44; as a direct-ligand of AKT&#44; modulates integration signaling pathways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Energy balance is influenced by a number of variables such as diet&#44; social structures&#44; metabolic factors&#44; modern sedentary lifestyle&#44; inexpensive energy-dense foods&#44; and genetics&#46; Probably&#44; common obesity is the result of an adverse obesogenic environment and a susceptible genotype&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> To date&#44; evidence for the possible clinical benefits of genetic studies for common complex diseases has been limited&#46; Furthermore&#44; the search for genetic factors involved in obesity is a challenge&#44; and can provide extra data to answer such a complex question&#46; Through these observations&#44; this study aimed to investigate the statistical association of polymorphisms in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> genes with childhood obesity in Brazilian children&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Clinical data</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents and children were informed and signed a written consent about the nature and purpose of this study&#46; All children were submitted to a thorough physical examination&#46; Height was measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer while body weight was measured through a digital scale&#46; Body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; was calculated using weight and height measurements according to the equation BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>weight &#40;kg&#41;&#47;height<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;cm&#41;&#46; The BMI cut-off points adopted were those established by the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI greater than &#43;1 and &#43;2 standard deviation&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Blood pressure was measured at least twice and the presence of hypertension was defined as systolic and&#47;or diastolic blood pressure above the 95th percentile&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> None of the children used medication&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lipid profile and glycemia were determined in serum and plasma&#44; respectively&#44; with routine enzymatic commercial kits &#40;Labtest Diagn&#243;stica&#44; S&#46;A&#46;&#44; Brazil&#41;&#46; Insulin levels were measured using a kit &#40;Genesis Diagnostics Products&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Brazil&#41;&#46; Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance &#40;HOMA-IR&#41;&#44; as described by Wallace et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> To date&#44; few studies have defined cut-off levels for HOMA-IR in prepubertal and pubertal individuals&#46; Based on that&#44; HOMA-IR was tested as continuous variable and was controlled by the BMI status of the individuals&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The local ethics committee approved this study under the protocol CAAE No&#46; 06400000180-7&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Overweight and obese patients</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present sample included 195 obese&#47;overweight subjects with mean age of 11&#46;0 &#40;&#177;3&#46;9&#59; 104 females&#41;&#44; with BMI 26&#46;7 &#40;&#177;4&#46;5&#41;&#46; All subjects were recruited from the Endocrinology Ambulatory of the Adolescent and Child Institute and from the Childhood Endocrinology Ambulatory of the IMEPEN Foundation in Juiz de Fora&#44; Brazil&#44; and lived in urban areas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Control group</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Individuals in the control group were carefully selected from the local community and consisted of 153 eutrophic&#44; normotensive individuals with mean age of 11&#46;9 &#40;&#177;3&#46;2&#59; 91 females&#41;&#44; and BMI 17&#46;9 &#40;&#177;2&#46;3&#41;&#46; All subjects signed an informed consent form and the Research Ethics Committee of the University approved the protocols&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Genotyping</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genomic DNA was isolated using the high salt method after peripheral blood collection in vacuum tubes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> The selected probes corresponded to the following SNPs&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> &#8211; rs9939609&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> &#8211; rs9302648 and rs7189819&#59; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> &#8211; rs2494738&#44; rs3730358&#44; and rs10149779&#46; To improve statistical power&#44; only SNPs with minor allele frequencies &#62;0&#46;2 in Caucasian and Yoruba individuals in the HapMap database were chosen&#46; Genotyping was done with real-time polymerase chain reaction &#40;RT-PCR&#41; using a 7500 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems Inc&#46;&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41;&#44; in allelic discrimination mode&#46; PCR protocols were performed in accordance with the TaqMan<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Genotyping Master Mix manufacturer&#39;s instructions &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Allele&#44; haplotype and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with the chi-squared test using the UNPHASED software &#40;UNPHASED&#44; v&#46;3&#46;0&#46;13&#44; Cambridge&#44; United Kingdom&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> 1&#44;000 permutations test &#40;post-test&#41; was performed for each test in order to estimate the global significance for all analyses and to validate the expectation-maximization values&#46; HAPLOVIEW 4&#46;1 software &#40;HAPLOVIEW&#44; v 4&#46;1&#44; Broad Institute&#44; MA&#44; USA&#41; was used to evaluate pairwise linkage disequilibrium &#40;LD&#41; matrices between each SNP to examine the LD block structure and Hardy&#8211;Weinberg equilibrium &#40;cutoff 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Odds ratio and permutations were performed using UNPHASED&#46; After Bonferroni correction&#44; the significance level was established at 0&#46;0083 for the genotype <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; group comparisons&#46; Clinical characteristics of the obese&#47;overweight group were compared with those of control group by one-way analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41;&#44; followed by Tukey&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> test&#46; Aiming to verify the detection of gene&#8211;gene interactions associated with complex human disease&#44; multifactor dimensionality reduction &#40;MDR&#41; and Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Pedigree Disequilibrium Test &#40;MDR-PDT&#41; were used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At least 10&#37; of the samples were re-genotyped randomly for quality control&#44; thus minimizing genotyping errors&#46; An agreement of 100&#37; between the results of both tests was achieved&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A secondary analysis tested if the SNPs included in the present study were linearly associated with HOMA-IR and BMI&#46; A linear regression model was used to test the association of each independent predictor &#40;SNP&#41; with each metabolic outcome &#40;HOMA-IR or BMI&#41;&#46; Multiple linear regressions were used if more than one predictor showed association with each outcome&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of six SNPs were genotyped in a total of 348 individuals&#46; All SNPs were in Hardy&#8211;Weinberg equilibrium and showed a minor allele frequency &#40;MAF&#41; higher than 10&#37;&#44; indicating a good penetration of the alleles in the population&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical and laboratorial characteristics of the studied groups are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; As expected&#44; the subjects in the obese&#47;overweight group had higher BMI&#46; In contrast to control group&#44; the obese&#47;overweight group showed higher fasting glucose&#44; HOMA-IR index&#44; total cholesterol&#44; low-density lipoprotein&#44; and triglycerides &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the distribution of genotypes and alleles in the groups&#46; In allelic analysis&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> rs10149779 showed a non-risk association with ancestral G allele &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2&#59; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;70&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;40&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41; between obese&#47;overweight and control group after 1000 permutations test &#40;post test&#41;&#46; The same polymorphism also showed no genotypic association G&#47;G &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&#59; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;29&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; in comparison with eutrophic subjects&#46; The genotype T&#47;T for marker rs9302648 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> also did not show association &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&#59; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;03&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;15&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; after 1000 permutations test &#40;post test&#41;&#46; For other markers&#44; no associations were observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the analysis of the interaction between genes through the multifactor dimensionality reduction&#44; the dendogram indicated a relationship between the pairs of genes&#46; The term synergy denotes a situation in which the interaction&#44; based on the entropy between two SNPs&#44; promotes more information than the correlation between the pair&#46; In turn&#44; redundancy is used in those cases in which the interaction amid two SNPs promotes less information than the correlation between the pairs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No association was observed in the analysis of insulin resistance and those polymorphisms &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although a significant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value for genetic analysis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 was not obtained at the gene&#8211;gene analysis&#44; an interaction between this one and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> rs10149779 was found&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the result from linear regression models &#8211; no significant association was observed between each SNPs and HOMA-RI or BMI&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is an intricate clinical condition modulated by many genetic and non-genetic factors&#44; with several interactions among many of them&#46; A total of six non-coding SNPs of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> genes were investigated as candidate&#39;s genes for obesity in Brazilian children&#46; Our results suggest that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> polymorphisms were not associated with obesity&#47;overweight in Brazilian children&#46; The fact that the obese&#47;overweight children carrying the A allele of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 did not show an increased risk of becoming obese in this population is noteworthy&#46; This polymorphism has been associated with BMI and type II diabetes in diverse populations&#44; such as Finns and Asians&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;30</span></a> Recently&#44; GWAS in Caucasians<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> and Chinese children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms &#40;SNPs&#41;&#44; including the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene&#44; as associated with BMI and obesity&#46; Although several variants of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene have been associated to obesity in populations of European background&#44; its effects in other ethnic populations remains to be established&#46; In a study involving 478 African-American children&#44; no association between variants of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene and BMI was found&#44; a result similar to other studies with African-American and Gambian populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> The Brazilian ethnical blending might be one reason for the lack of association with a classical obesity-associated polymorphism&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few studies regarding <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> variants and BMI in Latin American children and adolescents have been published to date&#46; Da Silva et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> reported a significant association between the A&#47;A genotype of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 and increased BMI and subcutaneous fat in 348 Brazilian children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Curiously&#44; in another study regarding Brazilian children&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 A allele was associated with an increased BMI between vitamin D insufficient children&#44; whereas no significant effect was observed among those with adequate vitamin D status&#46; This might be a type I error&#44; but it might also mean that this problem is more complex than expected&#44; involving another metabolic factors&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; few studies have associated variants in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> gene and insulin resistance&#46; In a recent study&#44; a haplotype including the first exon of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> was associated with a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome in African-American and European-American subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; at the gene&#8211;gene analysis &#40;MDR&#41;&#44; an interaction between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> rs10149779 was found&#46; One possible reason for this difference between single polymorphism and MDR analysis results may be due to epistasis&#44; defined as the interaction between two or more genes or their mRNA protein products modulating a phenotype&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Statistical analyzes and animal models have shown that epistasis is a common phenomenon in obesity&#46; Thus&#44; genes for obesity confer&#44; in isolation&#44; small increases in the risk of obesity&#46; However&#44; they may influence the development of obesity by more complex mechanisms&#44; especially gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> gene and gene-environment interactions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As some studies indicated that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> had larger effects on childhood BMI at higher percentiles&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> a linear regression was performed&#59; however&#44; no such association was found&#46; Some negative association findings might result from some limitations of the study&#44; mainly the small sample size&#46; Moreover&#44; the study did not consider environmental factors&#44; such as the patterns of physical activity&#44; the presence of overweight&#47;obese parents&#44; and the data concerning food intake&#44; which prevents further analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is complex disease and the mechanisms involved in the interaction between genotype and environment still need to be clarified&#59; the present data may shed some light to better understand such a complex and relevant health problem&#46; It should be taken in account the existing publication bias in studies with candidate gene approach&#46; Furthermore&#44; many studies on obesity genetics can present an inadequate statistical power&#44; thereby increasing the risk of false positives associations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; no evidence of association between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> polymorphisms with obesity and insulin resistance was observed in this sample of Brazilian children&#46; There are several reasons for the contrasting results observed within the studies&#44; including differences in the genetic background of the different samples&#46; Considering the associations found in other studies&#44; the authors believe that studies involving a larger number of individuals with different ethnic groups may be required to elucidate the role of these genes with obesity&#46; Thus&#44; the present study emphasizes the importance of caution when analyzing candidate-gene studies and reinforces the need for well-conducted studies to expand the understanding of the genetic and environmental factors involved in obesity and insulin resistance&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CAPES&#44; FAPESP&#44; CNPq &#40;FAPEMIG&#58; CBB-APQ-00075-09&#47;CNPq 573646&#47;2008-2&#41;&#44; and FAPEMIG&#58; CDS-BPD-00296-14&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Control group"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Genotyping"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-07-15"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-12-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec736536"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Single-nucleotide polymorphisms"
            1 => "Childhood obesity"
            2 => "Fat mass and obesity associated"
            3 => "Gene"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec736537"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Polimorfismos de nucleot&#237;deo &#250;nico"
            1 => "Obesidade infantil"
            2 => "Massa de gordura obesidade associadas"
            3 => "Gene"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is a chronic disease caused by both environmental and genetic factors&#46; Epidemiological studies have documented that increased energy intake and sedentary lifestyle&#44; as well as a genetic contribution&#44; are forces behind the obesity epidemic&#46; Knowledge about the interaction between genetic and environmental components can facilitate the choice of the most effective and specific measures for the prevention of obesity&#46; The aim of this study was to assess the association between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> genes and childhood obesity and insulin resistance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a case&#8211;control study in which SNPs in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> &#40;rs99396096&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> genes were genotyped in groups of controls and obese&#47;overweight children&#46; The study included 195 obese&#47;overweight children and 153 control subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As expected&#44; the obese&#47;overweight group subjects had higher body mass index&#44; higher fasting glucose&#44; HOMA-IR index&#44; total cholesterol&#44; low-density lipoprotein&#44; and triglycerides&#46; However&#44; no significant differences were observed in genes polymorphisms genotype or allele frequencies&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The present results suggest that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> polymorphisms were not associated with obesity&#47;overweight in Brazilians children&#46; Future studies on the genetics of obesity in Brazilian children and their environment interactions are needed&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A obesidade &#233; uma doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica sustentada por fatores ambientais e gen&#233;ticos&#46; Estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos documentaram que maior ingest&#227;o de energia e um estilo de vida sedent&#225;rio&#44; bem como a contribui&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica&#44; s&#227;o for&#231;as por tr&#225;s da epidemia de obesidade&#46; O conhecimento sobre a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os componentes gen&#233;ticos e ambientais pode facilitar a escolha das medidas mais efetivas e espec&#237;ficas para a preven&#231;&#227;o da obesidade&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> e a obesidade infantil e resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo de caso-controle no qual SNPs nos genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> &#40;rs99396096&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> foram genotipados em grupos de controle e de crian&#231;as obesas&#47;acima do peso&#46; Foram recrutadas 195 crian&#231;as obesas&#47;acima do peso e 153 indiv&#237;duos controle&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Como esperado&#44; os indiv&#237;duos do grupo obeso&#47;acima do peso apresentaram maior &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#44; maior glicemia de jejum&#44; &#237;ndice de HOMA-IR&#44; colesterol total&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade e triglicer&#237;deos&#46; Contudo&#44; n&#227;o encontramos diferen&#231;as significativas no gen&#243;tipo de polimorfismos g&#234;nicos ou nas frequ&#234;ncias al&#233;licas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nossos resultados sugerem que os polimorfismos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> n&#227;o estavam associados &#224; obesidade&#47;sobrepeso em crian&#231;as brasileiras&#46; S&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos futuros sobre a gen&#233;tica da obesidade em crian&#231;as brasileiras e suas intera&#231;&#245;es ambientais&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "1"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Both Authors contributed equally to this paper&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn1"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Pereira PA&#44; Alvim-Soares AM&#44; Sandrim VC&#44; Lanna CM&#44; Souza-Costa DC&#44; Belo VA&#44; et al&#46; Lack of association between genetic polymorphism of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> in childhood overweight and obesity&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;521&#8211;7&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dendrogram of gene&#8211;gene interaction of obese patients and controls&#46; The colors of the caption comprise a spectrum representing the transition of synergism &#40;black&#41; for redundancy &#40;gray&#41;&#46; Observe the following interactions&#58; synergism between rs9939609 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> and rs10149779 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> and redundancy between those and rs9302648 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI&#44; body mass index &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&#59; DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&#59; HOMA-IR&#44; Homeostasis Model Assessment &#8211; Insulin Resistance&#59; LDL&#44; low-density lipoprotein &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&#59; HDL&#44; high-density lipoprotein &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gender and hypertension are samples numbers &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>153 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Obese&#47;overweight<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;59&#46;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;53&#46;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;9 &#40;&#177;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;0 &#40;&#177;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;9 &#40;&#177;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7 &#40;&#177;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">105&#46;3 &#40;&#177;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">118&#46;7 &#40;&#177;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;2 &#40;&#177;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;8 &#40;&#177;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;31&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Glucose &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;8 &#40;&#177;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86&#46;0 &#40;&#177;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HOMA-IR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;17 &#40;&#177;2&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;68 &#40;&#177;3&#46;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142 &#40;&#177;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">145 &#40;&#177;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;5 &#40;&#177;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;8 &#40;&#177;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;&#177;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;&#177;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&#46;3 &#40;&#177;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;2 &#40;&#177;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic characteristics of study participants&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value from permutation test&#58; 0&#46;2 &#40;allele&#41;&#59; adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value from permutation test&#58; 0&#46;09 &#40;genotypic&#41;&#59; df&#44; degree of freedom&#44; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 between two alleles&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 between three genotypes&#59; a significant association is indicated in bold and italic &#40;&#60;0&#46;05&#41;&#59; adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value from 1000 permutation test &#40;multiple testing &#8211; Unphased&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OR&#44; odds ratio&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Obesity&#47;overweight<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>153 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37; Lo<br>95&#37; Hi&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">df&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value &#40;1000 permut&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">AKT1</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs2494738</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150 &#40;76&#46;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;82&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;15&#46;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;11&#46;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;2&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">01 &#40;0&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;05&#8211;13&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">330 &#40;84&#46;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">270 &#40;88&#46;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;6&#46;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;2&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs3730358</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">116 &#40;59&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">90 &#40;58&#46;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;27&#46;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;31&#46;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&#8211;1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;5&#46;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#46;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;65&#8211;6&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">286 &#40;73&#46;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">228 &#40;74&#46;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;19&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;18&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;1&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs10149779</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;48&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;35&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;04 &#40;0&#46;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73 &#40;37&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;49&#46;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&#8211;0&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;9&#46;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;11&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;29&#8211;1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">261 &#40;37&#46;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">186 &#40;60&#46;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;03 &#40;0&#46;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">109 &#40;27&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110 &#40;35&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;51&#8211;0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">AKTIP</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs9302648</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;38&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;30&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02 &#40;0&#46;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;38&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82 &#40;53&#46;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34&#8211;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36 &#40;18&#46;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;13&#46;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&#8211;1&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">228 &#40;58&#46;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">174 &#40;56&#46;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">148 &#40;37&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124 &#40;40&#46;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66&#8211;1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs7189819</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#47;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67 &#40;34&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;39&#46;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84 &#40;43&#46;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65 &#40;42&#46;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;1&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;17&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;15&#46;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;71&#8211;2&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">218 &#40;55&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">187 &#40;61&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152 &#40;38&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">111 &#40;36&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&#8211;1&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">FTO</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs9939609</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs9939609</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;22&#46;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;22&#46;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;23&#46;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71 &#40;46&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66&#8211;1&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;30&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&#8211;1&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">193 &#40;49&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">139 &#40;45&#46;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">183 &#40;46&#46;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">163 &#40;53&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;59&#8211;1&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Genotype and allele frequencies of the six tagSNPs of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> polymorphisms in the sample&#46;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "References"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Childhood maltreatment and obesity&#58; systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Danese"
                            1 => "M&#46; Tan"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/mp.2013.54"
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                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "544"
                        "paginaFinal" => "554"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23689533"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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                      "titulo" => "Genetics and epigenetics of obesity"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46;M&#46; Herrera"
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                            2 => "C&#46;M&#46; Lindgren"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.02.018"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Maturitas"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "41"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21466928"
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                      "titulo" => "Variability in the heritability of body mass index&#58; a systematic review and meta-regression"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            2 => "J&#46;H&#46; Zhao"
                            3 => "S&#46;J&#46; Sharp"
                            4 => "N&#46;J&#46; Wareham"
                            5 => "R&#46;J&#46; Loos"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Endocrinol &#40;Lausanne&#41;"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
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                ]
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                      "titulo" => "Differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in boys and girls based on various definitions"
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Lack of association between genetic polymorphism of FTO, AKT1 and AKTIP in childhood overweight and obesity
Falta de associação entre o polimorfismo genético do FTO, AKT1 e AKTIP e o sobrepeso e a obesidade infantis
Patrícia de Araújo Pereiraa,1, António Marcos Alvim-Soares Jr.a,1,
Corresponding author
antonioalvimjr@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Valéria Cristina Sandrimd, Carla Márcia Moreira Lannac, Débora Cristine Souza-Costab, Vanessa de Almeida Belob, Jonas Jardim de Paulaa, José Eduardo Tanus-Santosb, Marco Aurélio Romano-Silvaa, Débora Marques de Mirandaa
a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), INCT de Medicina Molecular, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
b Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Departamento de Farmacologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
c Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
d Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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            "entidad" => "Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora &#40;UFJF&#41;&#44; Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biol&#243;gicas&#44; Departamento de Fisiologia&#44; Juiz de Fora&#44; MG&#44; Brazil"
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            "entidad" => "Universidade Estadual Paulista &#40;UNESP&#41;&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brazil"
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            "identificador" => "aff0020"
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        "titulo" => "Falta de associa&#231;&#227;o entre o polimorfismo gen&#233;tico do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> e o sobrepeso e a obesidade infantis"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dendrogram of gene&#8211;gene interaction of obese patients and controls&#46; The colors of the caption comprise a spectrum representing the transition of synergism &#40;black&#41; for redundancy &#40;gray&#41;&#46; Observe the following interactions&#58; synergism between rs9939609 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> and rs10149779 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> and redundancy between those and rs9302648 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide&#46; Over the past decades&#44; rates of overweight and obesity among children have largely increased both in developed and developing countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Obesity is a result of environmental factors interacting with a polygenic background&#59; the heritability ranges from 40&#37; to 70&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A recent meta-regression analysis showed that heritability was higher in children than in adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Long-term studies have shown that childhood obesity leads to clustering of metabolic syndrome &#40;MetS&#41; components&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which include abdominal obesity&#44; dyslipidemia&#44; insulin resistance&#44; type II diabetes&#44; and hypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It is well known that overweight and obese children have a higher risk to become obese in adulthood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genome-wide association studies &#40;GWAS&#41; identified the Fat mass and obesity associated gene &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#41; as associated with human adiposity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene is related to obesity risk&#44; especially the single nucleotide polymorphism &#40;SNP&#41; rs9939609&#44; which has been further confirmed by others independent studies in different human populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> Due to the close relationship between diabetes and obesity&#44; another interesting gene is the V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#41;&#44; which is thought to mediate many metabolic&#44; mitogenic&#44; and anti-apoptotic effects of insulin&#44; IGF-1&#44; and IL-3&#44; and other growth factors and cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> Moreover&#44; Akt also stimulates glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> as well as protein synthesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Several studies correlate insulin resistance to impairments at Akt pathway and&#44; in certain conditions&#44; these alterations can be of genetic origin&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>-binding protein &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> or Ft1&#41;&#44; located near to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> at the same GWAS risk locus for obesity at chromosome 16 &#40;16q12&#46;2&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> appears to be another target for investigation&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#44; as a direct-ligand of AKT&#44; modulates integration signaling pathways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Energy balance is influenced by a number of variables such as diet&#44; social structures&#44; metabolic factors&#44; modern sedentary lifestyle&#44; inexpensive energy-dense foods&#44; and genetics&#46; Probably&#44; common obesity is the result of an adverse obesogenic environment and a susceptible genotype&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> To date&#44; evidence for the possible clinical benefits of genetic studies for common complex diseases has been limited&#46; Furthermore&#44; the search for genetic factors involved in obesity is a challenge&#44; and can provide extra data to answer such a complex question&#46; Through these observations&#44; this study aimed to investigate the statistical association of polymorphisms in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> genes with childhood obesity in Brazilian children&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Clinical data</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parents and children were informed and signed a written consent about the nature and purpose of this study&#46; All children were submitted to a thorough physical examination&#46; Height was measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer while body weight was measured through a digital scale&#46; Body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; was calculated using weight and height measurements according to the equation BMI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>weight &#40;kg&#41;&#47;height<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;cm&#41;&#46; The BMI cut-off points adopted were those established by the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI greater than &#43;1 and &#43;2 standard deviation&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Blood pressure was measured at least twice and the presence of hypertension was defined as systolic and&#47;or diastolic blood pressure above the 95th percentile&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> None of the children used medication&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lipid profile and glycemia were determined in serum and plasma&#44; respectively&#44; with routine enzymatic commercial kits &#40;Labtest Diagn&#243;stica&#44; S&#46;A&#46;&#44; Brazil&#41;&#46; Insulin levels were measured using a kit &#40;Genesis Diagnostics Products&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Brazil&#41;&#46; Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance &#40;HOMA-IR&#41;&#44; as described by Wallace et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> To date&#44; few studies have defined cut-off levels for HOMA-IR in prepubertal and pubertal individuals&#46; Based on that&#44; HOMA-IR was tested as continuous variable and was controlled by the BMI status of the individuals&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The local ethics committee approved this study under the protocol CAAE No&#46; 06400000180-7&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Overweight and obese patients</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present sample included 195 obese&#47;overweight subjects with mean age of 11&#46;0 &#40;&#177;3&#46;9&#59; 104 females&#41;&#44; with BMI 26&#46;7 &#40;&#177;4&#46;5&#41;&#46; All subjects were recruited from the Endocrinology Ambulatory of the Adolescent and Child Institute and from the Childhood Endocrinology Ambulatory of the IMEPEN Foundation in Juiz de Fora&#44; Brazil&#44; and lived in urban areas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Control group</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Individuals in the control group were carefully selected from the local community and consisted of 153 eutrophic&#44; normotensive individuals with mean age of 11&#46;9 &#40;&#177;3&#46;2&#59; 91 females&#41;&#44; and BMI 17&#46;9 &#40;&#177;2&#46;3&#41;&#46; All subjects signed an informed consent form and the Research Ethics Committee of the University approved the protocols&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Genotyping</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genomic DNA was isolated using the high salt method after peripheral blood collection in vacuum tubes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> The selected probes corresponded to the following SNPs&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> &#8211; rs9939609&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> &#8211; rs9302648 and rs7189819&#59; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> &#8211; rs2494738&#44; rs3730358&#44; and rs10149779&#46; To improve statistical power&#44; only SNPs with minor allele frequencies &#62;0&#46;2 in Caucasian and Yoruba individuals in the HapMap database were chosen&#46; Genotyping was done with real-time polymerase chain reaction &#40;RT-PCR&#41; using a 7500 Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems Inc&#46;&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41;&#44; in allelic discrimination mode&#46; PCR protocols were performed in accordance with the TaqMan<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Genotyping Master Mix manufacturer&#39;s instructions &#40;Applied Biosystems&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Allele&#44; haplotype and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with the chi-squared test using the UNPHASED software &#40;UNPHASED&#44; v&#46;3&#46;0&#46;13&#44; Cambridge&#44; United Kingdom&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> 1&#44;000 permutations test &#40;post-test&#41; was performed for each test in order to estimate the global significance for all analyses and to validate the expectation-maximization values&#46; HAPLOVIEW 4&#46;1 software &#40;HAPLOVIEW&#44; v 4&#46;1&#44; Broad Institute&#44; MA&#44; USA&#41; was used to evaluate pairwise linkage disequilibrium &#40;LD&#41; matrices between each SNP to examine the LD block structure and Hardy&#8211;Weinberg equilibrium &#40;cutoff 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Odds ratio and permutations were performed using UNPHASED&#46; After Bonferroni correction&#44; the significance level was established at 0&#46;0083 for the genotype <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; group comparisons&#46; Clinical characteristics of the obese&#47;overweight group were compared with those of control group by one-way analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41;&#44; followed by Tukey&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> test&#46; Aiming to verify the detection of gene&#8211;gene interactions associated with complex human disease&#44; multifactor dimensionality reduction &#40;MDR&#41; and Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Pedigree Disequilibrium Test &#40;MDR-PDT&#41; were used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At least 10&#37; of the samples were re-genotyped randomly for quality control&#44; thus minimizing genotyping errors&#46; An agreement of 100&#37; between the results of both tests was achieved&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A secondary analysis tested if the SNPs included in the present study were linearly associated with HOMA-IR and BMI&#46; A linear regression model was used to test the association of each independent predictor &#40;SNP&#41; with each metabolic outcome &#40;HOMA-IR or BMI&#41;&#46; Multiple linear regressions were used if more than one predictor showed association with each outcome&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of six SNPs were genotyped in a total of 348 individuals&#46; All SNPs were in Hardy&#8211;Weinberg equilibrium and showed a minor allele frequency &#40;MAF&#41; higher than 10&#37;&#44; indicating a good penetration of the alleles in the population&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical and laboratorial characteristics of the studied groups are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; As expected&#44; the subjects in the obese&#47;overweight group had higher BMI&#46; In contrast to control group&#44; the obese&#47;overweight group showed higher fasting glucose&#44; HOMA-IR index&#44; total cholesterol&#44; low-density lipoprotein&#44; and triglycerides &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the distribution of genotypes and alleles in the groups&#46; In allelic analysis&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> rs10149779 showed a non-risk association with ancestral G allele &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2&#59; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;70&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;40&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41; between obese&#47;overweight and control group after 1000 permutations test &#40;post test&#41;&#46; The same polymorphism also showed no genotypic association G&#47;G &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&#59; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;29&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; in comparison with eutrophic subjects&#46; The genotype T&#47;T for marker rs9302648 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> also did not show association &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&#59; OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;03&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;15&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; after 1000 permutations test &#40;post test&#41;&#46; For other markers&#44; no associations were observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the analysis of the interaction between genes through the multifactor dimensionality reduction&#44; the dendogram indicated a relationship between the pairs of genes&#46; The term synergy denotes a situation in which the interaction&#44; based on the entropy between two SNPs&#44; promotes more information than the correlation between the pair&#46; In turn&#44; redundancy is used in those cases in which the interaction amid two SNPs promotes less information than the correlation between the pairs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No association was observed in the analysis of insulin resistance and those polymorphisms &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although a significant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value for genetic analysis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 was not obtained at the gene&#8211;gene analysis&#44; an interaction between this one and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> rs10149779 was found&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the result from linear regression models &#8211; no significant association was observed between each SNPs and HOMA-RI or BMI&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is an intricate clinical condition modulated by many genetic and non-genetic factors&#44; with several interactions among many of them&#46; A total of six non-coding SNPs of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> genes were investigated as candidate&#39;s genes for obesity in Brazilian children&#46; Our results suggest that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> polymorphisms were not associated with obesity&#47;overweight in Brazilian children&#46; The fact that the obese&#47;overweight children carrying the A allele of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 did not show an increased risk of becoming obese in this population is noteworthy&#46; This polymorphism has been associated with BMI and type II diabetes in diverse populations&#44; such as Finns and Asians&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;30</span></a> Recently&#44; GWAS in Caucasians<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> and Chinese children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms &#40;SNPs&#41;&#44; including the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene&#44; as associated with BMI and obesity&#46; Although several variants of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene have been associated to obesity in populations of European background&#44; its effects in other ethnic populations remains to be established&#46; In a study involving 478 African-American children&#44; no association between variants of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> gene and BMI was found&#44; a result similar to other studies with African-American and Gambian populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> The Brazilian ethnical blending might be one reason for the lack of association with a classical obesity-associated polymorphism&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few studies regarding <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> variants and BMI in Latin American children and adolescents have been published to date&#46; Da Silva et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> reported a significant association between the A&#47;A genotype of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 and increased BMI and subcutaneous fat in 348 Brazilian children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Curiously&#44; in another study regarding Brazilian children&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 A allele was associated with an increased BMI between vitamin D insufficient children&#44; whereas no significant effect was observed among those with adequate vitamin D status&#46; This might be a type I error&#44; but it might also mean that this problem is more complex than expected&#44; involving another metabolic factors&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; few studies have associated variants in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> gene and insulin resistance&#46; In a recent study&#44; a haplotype including the first exon of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> was associated with a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome in African-American and European-American subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; at the gene&#8211;gene analysis &#40;MDR&#41;&#44; an interaction between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> rs9939609 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> rs10149779 was found&#46; One possible reason for this difference between single polymorphism and MDR analysis results may be due to epistasis&#44; defined as the interaction between two or more genes or their mRNA protein products modulating a phenotype&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Statistical analyzes and animal models have shown that epistasis is a common phenomenon in obesity&#46; Thus&#44; genes for obesity confer&#44; in isolation&#44; small increases in the risk of obesity&#46; However&#44; they may influence the development of obesity by more complex mechanisms&#44; especially gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> gene and gene-environment interactions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As some studies indicated that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> had larger effects on childhood BMI at higher percentiles&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> a linear regression was performed&#59; however&#44; no such association was found&#46; Some negative association findings might result from some limitations of the study&#44; mainly the small sample size&#46; Moreover&#44; the study did not consider environmental factors&#44; such as the patterns of physical activity&#44; the presence of overweight&#47;obese parents&#44; and the data concerning food intake&#44; which prevents further analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is complex disease and the mechanisms involved in the interaction between genotype and environment still need to be clarified&#59; the present data may shed some light to better understand such a complex and relevant health problem&#46; It should be taken in account the existing publication bias in studies with candidate gene approach&#46; Furthermore&#44; many studies on obesity genetics can present an inadequate statistical power&#44; thereby increasing the risk of false positives associations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; no evidence of association between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> polymorphisms with obesity and insulin resistance was observed in this sample of Brazilian children&#46; There are several reasons for the contrasting results observed within the studies&#44; including differences in the genetic background of the different samples&#46; Considering the associations found in other studies&#44; the authors believe that studies involving a larger number of individuals with different ethnic groups may be required to elucidate the role of these genes with obesity&#46; Thus&#44; the present study emphasizes the importance of caution when analyzing candidate-gene studies and reinforces the need for well-conducted studies to expand the understanding of the genetic and environmental factors involved in obesity and insulin resistance&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CAPES&#44; FAPESP&#44; CNPq &#40;FAPEMIG&#58; CBB-APQ-00075-09&#47;CNPq 573646&#47;2008-2&#41;&#44; and FAPEMIG&#58; CDS-BPD-00296-14&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Resultados"
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              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Clinical data"
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            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Overweight and obese patients"
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              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Control group"
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              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Genotyping"
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              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
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          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-07-15"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-12-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec736536"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Single-nucleotide polymorphisms"
            1 => "Childhood obesity"
            2 => "Fat mass and obesity associated"
            3 => "Gene"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec736537"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Polimorfismos de nucleot&#237;deo &#250;nico"
            1 => "Obesidade infantil"
            2 => "Massa de gordura obesidade associadas"
            3 => "Gene"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>"
          ]
        ]
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    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obesity is a chronic disease caused by both environmental and genetic factors&#46; Epidemiological studies have documented that increased energy intake and sedentary lifestyle&#44; as well as a genetic contribution&#44; are forces behind the obesity epidemic&#46; Knowledge about the interaction between genetic and environmental components can facilitate the choice of the most effective and specific measures for the prevention of obesity&#46; The aim of this study was to assess the association between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> genes and childhood obesity and insulin resistance&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a case&#8211;control study in which SNPs in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> &#40;rs99396096&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> genes were genotyped in groups of controls and obese&#47;overweight children&#46; The study included 195 obese&#47;overweight children and 153 control subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As expected&#44; the obese&#47;overweight group subjects had higher body mass index&#44; higher fasting glucose&#44; HOMA-IR index&#44; total cholesterol&#44; low-density lipoprotein&#44; and triglycerides&#46; However&#44; no significant differences were observed in genes polymorphisms genotype or allele frequencies&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The present results suggest that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> polymorphisms were not associated with obesity&#47;overweight in Brazilians children&#46; Future studies on the genetics of obesity in Brazilian children and their environment interactions are needed&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A obesidade &#233; uma doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica sustentada por fatores ambientais e gen&#233;ticos&#46; Estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos documentaram que maior ingest&#227;o de energia e um estilo de vida sedent&#225;rio&#44; bem como a contribui&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica&#44; s&#227;o for&#231;as por tr&#225;s da epidemia de obesidade&#46; O conhecimento sobre a intera&#231;&#227;o entre os componentes gen&#233;ticos e ambientais pode facilitar a escolha das medidas mais efetivas e espec&#237;ficas para a preven&#231;&#227;o da obesidade&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> e a obesidade infantil e resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo de caso-controle no qual SNPs nos genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> &#40;rs99396096&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> foram genotipados em grupos de controle e de crian&#231;as obesas&#47;acima do peso&#46; Foram recrutadas 195 crian&#231;as obesas&#47;acima do peso e 153 indiv&#237;duos controle&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Como esperado&#44; os indiv&#237;duos do grupo obeso&#47;acima do peso apresentaram maior &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#44; maior glicemia de jejum&#44; &#237;ndice de HOMA-IR&#44; colesterol total&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade e triglicer&#237;deos&#46; Contudo&#44; n&#227;o encontramos diferen&#231;as significativas no gen&#243;tipo de polimorfismos g&#234;nicos ou nas frequ&#234;ncias al&#233;licas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nossos resultados sugerem que os polimorfismos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> n&#227;o estavam associados &#224; obesidade&#47;sobrepeso em crian&#231;as brasileiras&#46; S&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos futuros sobre a gen&#233;tica da obesidade em crian&#231;as brasileiras e suas intera&#231;&#245;es ambientais&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
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    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "1"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Both Authors contributed equally to this paper&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn1"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Pereira PA&#44; Alvim-Soares AM&#44; Sandrim VC&#44; Lanna CM&#44; Souza-Costa DC&#44; Belo VA&#44; et al&#46; Lack of association between genetic polymorphism of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span> in childhood overweight and obesity&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;521&#8211;7&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dendrogram of gene&#8211;gene interaction of obese patients and controls&#46; The colors of the caption comprise a spectrum representing the transition of synergism &#40;black&#41; for redundancy &#40;gray&#41;&#46; Observe the following interactions&#58; synergism between rs9939609 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FTO</span> and rs10149779 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKT1</span> and redundancy between those and rs9302648 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AKTIP</span>&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI&#44; body mass index &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&#59; DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure &#40;mmHg&#41;&#59; HOMA-IR&#44; Homeostasis Model Assessment &#8211; Insulin Resistance&#59; LDL&#44; low-density lipoprotein &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&#59; HDL&#44; high-density lipoprotein &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gender and hypertension are samples numbers &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>153 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Obese&#47;overweight<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;59&#46;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;53&#46;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;9 &#40;&#177;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;0 &#40;&#177;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;9 &#40;&#177;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7 &#40;&#177;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">105&#46;3 &#40;&#177;12&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">118&#46;7 &#40;&#177;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;2 &#40;&#177;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;8 &#40;&#177;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;31&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Glucose &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;8 &#40;&#177;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86&#46;0 &#40;&#177;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HOMA-IR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;17 &#40;&#177;2&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;68 &#40;&#177;3&#46;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142 &#40;&#177;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">145 &#40;&#177;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;8 &#40;&#177;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;&#177;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;2 &#40;&#177;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value from permutation test&#58; 0&#46;2 &#40;allele&#41;&#59; adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value from permutation test&#58; 0&#46;09 &#40;genotypic&#41;&#59; df&#44; degree of freedom&#44; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 between two alleles&#59; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 between three genotypes&#59; a significant association is indicated in bold and italic &#40;&#60;0&#46;05&#41;&#59; adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value from 1000 permutation test &#40;multiple testing &#8211; Unphased&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OR&#44; odds ratio&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Obesity&#47;overweight<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>195 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>153 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37; Lo<br>95&#37; Hi&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">df&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value &#40;1000 permut&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">AKT1</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs2494738</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150 &#40;76&#46;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;82&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;15&#46;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;11&#46;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;2&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">01 &#40;0&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;05&#8211;13&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">330 &#40;84&#46;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">270 &#40;88&#46;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;6&#46;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;2&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs3730358</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">116 &#40;59&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">90 &#40;58&#46;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;27&#46;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;31&#46;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&#8211;1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;5&#46;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#46;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;65&#8211;6&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">286 &#40;73&#46;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">228 &#40;74&#46;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;19&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;18&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;1&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs10149779</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;48&#46;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;35&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;04 &#40;0&#46;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73 &#40;37&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;49&#46;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&#8211;0&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;9&#46;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;11&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;29&#8211;1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">261 &#40;37&#46;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">186 &#40;60&#46;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;03 &#40;0&#46;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">109 &#40;27&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110 &#40;35&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;51&#8211;0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">AKTIP</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs9302648</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;38&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;30&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02 &#40;0&#46;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;38&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82 &#40;53&#46;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34&#8211;0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#47;G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36 &#40;18&#46;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;13&#46;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;54&#8211;1&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">228 &#40;58&#46;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">174 &#40;56&#46;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">148 &#40;37&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124 &#40;40&#46;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66&#8211;1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs7189819</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#47;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67 &#40;34&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;39&#46;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84 &#40;43&#46;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65 &#40;42&#46;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&#8211;1&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;17&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;15&#46;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;71&#8211;2&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">218 &#40;55&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">187 &#40;61&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152 &#40;38&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">111 &#40;36&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&#8211;1&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">FTO</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs9939609</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rs9939609</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;22&#46;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;22&#46;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;23&#46;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71 &#40;46&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66&#8211;1&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#47;T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;30&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&#8211;1&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">193 &#40;49&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">139 &#40;45&#46;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">183 &#40;46&#46;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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      "titulo" => "References"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Childhood maltreatment and obesity&#58; systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Danese"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/mp.2013.54"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Mol Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "544"
                        "paginaFinal" => "554"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23689533"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0210"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.02.018"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Maturitas"
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Article information
ISSN: 00217557
Original language: English
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