Portuguese cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK)

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Moreover, this measure has been shown to have good psychometric properties and significant clinical utility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">2,5</a> Its clinical utility is important, being a valid measure with correlation values between 0.82 (ASK–Performance [ASKp]) and 0.85 (ASK–Capability [ASKc]) with the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire – CHAQ. It presents good reproducibility values at 2 weeks (ICC=0.97 for ASKp and ICC=0.98 for ASKc) and a Cronbach alpha value of 0.99. It was also shown to be able to discriminate among different levels of disability.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">6</a> It has been widely referenced in the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">7–19</a>One of the few child outcome measures adapted for the Portuguese culture is the KINDL questionnaire. It is a generic instrument conceived to measure quality of life of sick or healthy children and adolescents, from 4 to 17 years of age. It is available to be used in three age groups (4–6, 7–13, and 14–17) and has five versions, depending on the age of the respondent and the information source (children or parents version).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">20</a>The Portuguese version of KINDL was shown to be semantically equivalent to the original measure; it offers good levels of reliability and acceptable levels of validity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">20</a>The main objective of this study was to culturally adapt the ASKc and ASKp modules to European Portuguese and to evaluate their validity and reliability.MethodsThe present study proceeded in two phasesThe first phase followed the sequential approach, commonly used in these type of studies to obtain a linguistically equivalent version.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">9,21,22</a> It includes the authorization given by the author of the original instrument<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">2</a> and its adaptation for European Portuguese language and culture.A formal permission for the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese was obtained from Nancy Young, the developer of ASK. This process was performed according to the stages guideline used in self-report measures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">6</a><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•Forward translation. The original version of ASK was translated into Portuguese by two independent Portuguese translators fluent in English.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•Consensus version. A panel composed by three experts from the Center for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra developed a consensus version from both translations (first preliminary version). This synthesis process was documented in a written report.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Back-translation. A translator, native in English and fluent in Portuguese, translated the consensus version back into English. This back-translation and all previous translations of ASK were taken into consideration to reach a consensus, obtaining the second preliminary version. This process was documented in a written report.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">•Content validity. An expert review committee, composed by two pediatric physical therapists and a physician specialized in pediatric physical medicine and rehabilitation, reached a consensus on the translation of ASK. This expert committee meeting resulted in a pre-final version. The final stage of the cross-cultural adaptation of ASK was to cognitively pre-test the questionnaire. Children and parents were interviewed to assess whether the items were understandable. To obtain a general representation of the population, the initial panel was composed by 15 children with different characteristics and a parents’ panel composed by four parents of children less than 10 years old; two of these children were healthy. After filling the questionnaire, each participant was asked to point out any difficulties in understanding or ambiguities in the translation.</li></ul>This stage completed the creation of the Portuguese version of both ASKp and ASKc.The second phase examined the validity and reliability tests of the Portuguese version. Specifically, the authors assessed construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility.ParticipantsA convenience sample collected at 11 healthcare institutions (hospitals and patient associations) was used, including 88 children aged between 5 and 15 years with various types of functional disorders (neuromuscular, orthopedic/traumatology and/or rheumatology, cardio-respiratory, or others). Children with cognitive deficits and children with sensorial changes that would prevent them from answering or understanding the measure were excluded from the analysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">2</a>The healthcare institutions obtained approval from their respective institutional review boards, and consent was obtained from the different participants. Before each face-to-face interview there was a explanation of the study, including its goals, confidentiality and participation conditions.Data collectionThe protocols were mailed to the institutions that had agreed to participate, along with pre-stamped envelopes for the answers. One physiotherapist of each institution was responsible for selecting the sample elements and for administering the protocols during the defined periods.Children up to 10 years responded to the questionnaire in the presence of adults (physical therapist, parents, or caregivers); nonetheless, the answer always came from the child. Children older than 10 years read and responded by themselves, except in the case of those who had visual or motor disabilities that would prevent them from responding.The data collection protocol contained both ASK modules, the Portuguese version of KINDL, and a form to collect some questions of patient characteristics, including two clinical questions (regarding mobility needs and health conditions). The ASK was applied twice to the same participants with an interval of one to two weeks, to assess reproducibility.InstrumentsThe Portuguese versions of both ASK and KINDL were administered.The ASK is a specific pediatric measure composed of two modules: ASKc, which reflects what the child is able to do in his/her daily environment, and ASKp, which reflects what the child actually does on his/her daily environment.Both modules are organized in seven domains (personal care, dressing, other skills, locomotion, play, standing skills, and transfers) containing 30 items each, identical but with different answer options.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">5</a> This instrument is self-administered for children aged 10 years or older. Children under 10 years of age have to be helped by their caregivers, but the answers have to be exclusively given by the children. The ASK cannot be applied on children that are unable to understand what is being asked.In both modules, the summary scores were calculated by the mean of the answers (0–4 points), and the result was reported as a percentage score (range 0–100), where 100% indicates full physical function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">6</a>The KINDL measures six dimensions of quality of life (physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, family, friends, and school). Regarding the age group, three versions of the questionnaire were used: Kiddy, for children aged 4–6 years (interview); Kid, for children aged 7–13; and Kiddo, for teenagers (14–17).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">20</a>Individual dimension scores can be calculated by adding the responses given to the questions transformed to a positive scale of 0–100, according to the KINDL manual.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">23</a> The total score can be obtained by the sum of the dimension scores, where higher values indicated better quality of life. Reverse scoring was applied to some items, so that higher item scores represent better quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">20</a>Statistical analysisThe characteristics of study participants were summarized using descriptive statistics of central tendency, dispersion, frequencies, and percentages, according to the type of variables.The construct validity was assessed analyzing Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) obtained between the dimensions of KINDL and ASK. The interpretation of the correlation values was performed based on Cohen's criteria: very low correlation (≤0.19); low (between 0.20 and 0.39); moderate (between 0.40 and 0.69); high (between 0.70 and 0.89), and very high (for values ≥0.90).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">24</a> Student's t-test was also used to compare the means of ASK dimensions between groups formed by the two clinical questions.It was hypothesized that the best scores on quality of life would correspond to a better physical function. Similarly, individuals with neuromuscular conditions and/or needing support to move should have worse ASK scores.To calculate the reproducibility we used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for agreement, formula 2.1. Values higher than or equal to 0.70 were considered acceptable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">25</a> The internal consistency of ASK was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Values higher than or equal to 0.70 were considered acceptable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">25</a>For the statistical analysis, SPSS version 18.0 for Windows was used (Inc. Released 2009. PASW Statistics for Windows, version 18.0, IL, USA). p-Values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsCross-cultural adaptationASK was successfully cross-culturally adapted into European Portuguese. The children panel was composed of 15 children (eight females), and nine of whom had unilateral or bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. The ASK was completed by the children in 34±9min. However, during this process some minor difficulties were observed regarding the meaning of the terms “blouse,” “shirt,” and “brace”. In these cases, multiple synonyms were used, to include all options, for both Portuguese versions of ASK. The item 29 of ASKc created some disagreement in the translation process concerning the sentence structure. As the recommendations of the translators were not fully accepted, it was decided to combine the proposals into a new solution, more simple and clear. Finally, all the members of the expert committee agreed with the pre-final version.No changes resulted from either the expert committee, children panel, or parents panel (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The length of the protocol might have been, in some cases, considered inconvenient, but it was generally considered easy to understand and respond.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Construct validityFor the validity study, a sample of 88 children aged 10.2±3.2 years was used. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> presents the main characteristics of the sample.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>To address construct validity, the ASK scores were compared with two clinical outcomes: need for mobility support and health conditions, as well as the correlations between ASK and KINDL different dimensions.The study of the relationship between ASK responses and the need for support (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>) showed that individuals with higher ASK scores (ASKp and ASKc) were less likely to require any type of support to move.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> also presents the relationship between ASK scores and individuals’ health condition. It was evident that those who had higher ASK scores were also more likely to have musculoskeletal disorders.When confronting ASK and KINDL, positive correlations were observed between ASKp and ASKc and all the KINDL dimensions, with the exception of the physical well-being dimension. Most of these correlations were low and/or moderate (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>ReliabilityRegarding the internal consistency of ASK Portuguese version, acceptable values were found for both for ASKp and ASKc.The reproducibility values of ASKp and ASKc were also found to be acceptable (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>), after the questionnaires were completed twice, one or two weeks apart.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionConsidering the results from the consensus panels, clinical review panel, and the panels of children and parents, it can be affirmed that semantic and content equivalence between the translated version of ASK and the original version were reached.In general, this measure was considered clear, understandable, and appropriate for a pediatric population. The only downside was the fact that it is a relatively extensive measure, especially when applying both versions together, as shown by the mean time for completion of the two versions (33.4min). The authors conclude that the Portuguese version of ASK presents an acceptable level of content validity.Regarding the existence of support received by children to move, it was observed that both in ASKp and ASKc, the majority of individuals (between 53% and 56%) reported not to use any support for moving both indoors and outside. These findings appear to indicate a correlation between what children really do in their day-to-day and what they think they can do.To assess the validity of ASK, the authors assumed that it could allow to discriminate among different levels of capability (ASKc) and performance (ASKp) among groups that would hypothetically have these differences. These hypotheses were confirmed between individuals using or not any type of support to move, for both versions of ASK. Therefore, individuals who used support to move are expected to show a lower degree of functionality and therefore have lower scores in ASK (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).It was also expected to find statistically significant differences between children with musculoskeletal disorders and children with neuromuscular conditions, assuming that neuromuscular conditions result in more incapacitating stages.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">5</a> The results obtained for both versions of ASK did not reject this hypothesis.For the assessment of validity, the relations between ASK and KINDL were also analyzed. The assumption was the existence of positive correlation values between the confronted constructs, supporting the hypothesis that more favorable health conditions should correspond to better levels of capacity and performance.The choice of KINDL was due to the lack of a standard measure suitable for the Portuguese language and culture. Furthermore, a Portuguese version of the KINDL is available, covering the required ages. Additionally, a similar strategy was used in the study of the original version.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">2</a>When analyzing the values of the correlations between KINDL Total and both ASKp and ASKc scores, the existence of positive and moderate correlations was observed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>), thus confirming the hypothesis that children with better degree of functionality also present a better level of quality of life. A correlation of the two versions of ASK with all dimensions of the KINDL was also observed, except for the physical well-being dimension. To try to explain this finding, the authors compared the questions of the physical well-being dimension of KINDL and the items of the ASK, and observed that the four questions of physical well-being dimension of KINDL regard feeling ill, body aches, tired, or strong, while the items of ASK are related with the performance of daily activities. However, the KINDL physical dimension can match concepts in some way different from ASK ones. In turn, the fact that the sample comprised approximately 18% individuals with cerebral palsy may represent a bias in the results. It is known that children tend to overvalue their health status, in particular those with cerebral palsy, who have a different expectation in relation to their physical abilities in comparison to individuals who have an acquired disability.Despite not including questions related to KINDL emotional well-being and self-esteem dimensions, the correlation values obtained for both ASKp and ASKc, albeit weak to moderate, were acceptable (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). These values can be justified by the difference of constructs and by the fact that the sample was composed of children who perceived their incapacities as slight to moderate, leading to the hypothesis of good levels of self-esteem and emotional well-being. Bjorson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">13</a> corroborates this assumption, evidencing that the performance of activities positively influence physical health, behavior, and emotional condition in children with cerebral palsy.In the family dimension, there was a weak correlation for both ASKp and ASKc (r=0.386). This type of correlation was already expected, since ASK does not consider issues directly related to the family. In the friends dimension, moderate correlation values (r between 0.624 and 0.440) were observed for both ASKc and ASKp. This result was expected, given that ASK has questions that directly focus on the child's friends. Finally, in the school dimension, only a weak correlation with ASKp was observed (r=0.343), something that was also expected, since ASK does not present questions related to school performance.Regarding the internal consistency and reproducibility of ASK, the results showed acceptable values. The values of the ICC obtained for both ASKc (ICC=0.978) and ASKp (ICC=0.986) were in agreement, representing a high reproducibility according to the criteria previously listed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">25</a> When compared with the reproducibility levels of the original version, it was verified that the results of the test–retest were consistent, since the value of the ICC in the original study was 0.97 for both versions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">2,6</a> It can be considered that the Portuguese version of ASK shows good levels of reproducibility.Regarding internal consistency, results for each ASK version (α=0.980 for ASKp and α=0.972 for ASKc) were similar to the original results, which were considered to be high.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">25</a> These figures suggest that all items of the scale measure the same constructs.The main limitations of this study were related to the extension of the protocol used, including both ASK versions, KINDL questionnaire, and socio-demographic questions. Furthermore, the sample size did not allow for the performance of a factor analysis to test the construct validity.Given the results, the authors conclude that the Portuguese ASK versions present semantic and content equivalences with the original version, as well as acceptable values of validity and reliability. Finally, they propose further studies to deepen the present findings and to further explore the psychometric characteristics of the measure, including the assessment of its responsiveness.The authors consider that the Portuguese ASK versions can be used both in clinical practice and research.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres696322" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec706056" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres696321" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusões" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec706057" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "The present study proceeded in two phases" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Participants" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Instruments" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Cross-cultural adaptation" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Construct validity" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Reliability" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack232739" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-05-24" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-09-23" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec706056" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Child" 1 => "Disability" 2 => "Performance" 3 => "Capability" 4 => "Outcome measures" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec706057" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Criança" 1 => "Deficiência" 2 => "Desempenho" 3 => "Capacidade" 4 => "Medidas dos resultados" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectivesThe main purpose of the current study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) both in its capability and performance versions to the European Portuguese language so it can be used in Portugal by healthcare professionals in children from 5 to 15 years of age with functional disabilities related to specific health conditions. MethodsThe cross-cultural adaptation of ASK followed the classic sequential methodology for linguistic equivalence. To test its validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility, the Portuguese version of ASK was administered together with the KINDL Questionnaire (KINDL) to 88 children (10±3 years of age) with functional limitations. The test–retest study was conducted two weeks apart. ResultsAfter obtaining the semantic and content validity, the Portuguese version of ASK demonstrated good levels of reproducibility (performance: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.99; capability: ICC=0.98) and internal consistency (performance: α=0.98; capability: α=0.97). The correlations between ASK and KINDL were positive and moderate. ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of ASK showed acceptable levels of validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility; the authors recommend its use in clinical settings." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "ObjetivosO principal objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural para o português europeu e a validação das versões de capacidade e desempenho da Escala de Atividades para Crianças (Activity Scale for Kids (ASK)), de forma que possa ser utilizada em Portugal por profissionais da saúde com crianças de 5 a 15 anos de idade com deficiências funcionais relacionadas a doenças específicas. MétodosA adaptação transcultural da ASK seguiu a metodologia sequencial clássica para obter equivalência linguística. Para testar sua validade, coerência interna e reprodutibilidade, a versão em português da ASK foi administrada juntamente com o Questionário KINDL (KINDL) em 88 crianças (10±3 anos de idade) com limitações funcionais. O estudo de teste-reteste foi realizado com um intervalo de duas semanas. ResultadosApós obter a validade semântica e de conteúdo, a versão em português da ASK demonstrou bons níveis de reprodutibilidade (desempenho: coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI)=0,99; capacidade: CCI=0,98) e coerência interna (desempenho: α=0,98; capacidade: α=0,97). As correlações entre a ASK e o KINDL foram positivas e moderadas. ConclusõesA versão em português da ASK apresentou níveis aceitáveis de validade, coerência interna e reprodutibilidade, e recomendamos seu uso em ambientes clínicos." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusões" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Paixão D, Cavalheiro LM, Gonçalves RS, Ferreira PL. Portuguese cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK). J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92:367–73." ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "Study conducted at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal." ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "ASK, Activities Scale for Kids." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Module \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Original \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Portuguese version \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">ASK performance</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">“I used the toilet at home by myself … (includes getting on and off the toilet)” \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Em casa, fui à sanita sozinho/a… (inclui sentar e levantar da sanita) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">I washed my whole body by myself … \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lavei-me todo/a sozinho/a… \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">“I put my shirt on by myself …“ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Vesti a camisola, blusa ou t-shirt sozinho/a… \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">ASK capability</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">I think I could have used the toilet at home by myself … (includes getting on and off the toilet) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Penso que teria conseguido, em casa, ir à sanita sozinho/a… (inclui sentar e levantar da sanita) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">I think I could have washed my whole body by myself… \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Penso que teria conseguido lavar-me todo/a sozinho/a… \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">I think I could have put my shirt on by myself… \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Penso que teria conseguido vestir a camisola, blusa ou t-shirt sozinho/a… \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1139660.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Example of a sub-sample of the original ASK and adapted ASK items." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequencies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Educational level</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pre scholar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.8% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">First cycle \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Second or third cycle (secondary school) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Form completion</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Auto administrated \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">By interview \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Health condition</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neuromuscular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">87.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Musculoskeletal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1139659.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sample validation study (n=88)." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "ASK, Activities Scale for Kids." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Support/Health condition \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="top">ASKp</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Indoor environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No special support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Outside environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No special support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">79.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Health condition</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Musculoskeletal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuromuscular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="top">ASKc</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Indoor environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No special support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Outside environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No special support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Health condition</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Musculoskeletal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">87.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuromuscular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1139661.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "ASK vs need of support and health condition (n=88)." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "ASK, Activities Scale for Kids." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Kindl<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PWB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EWB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ASKp</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">r \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.559 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.538 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.386 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.624 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.343 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.631 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.867 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ASKc</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">r \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.093 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.464 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.396 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.386 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.440 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.292 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.523 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.493 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.027 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1139662.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "KINDL dimensions: PWB, physical well-being; EWB, emotional well-being; SE, self-esteem; FM, family; FR, friends; SC, school; TT, KINDL total." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "ASK vs KINDL (n=57)." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "ASK, Activities Scale for Kids." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ASK \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cronbach α \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ICC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lower bound \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Upper bound \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ASKp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.980 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.986 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.979 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.991 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ASKc \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.972 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.978 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.967 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.986 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1139658.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "ASK Internal consistency and reproducibility of Portuguese ASK (n=88)." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "World report on disability" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health Organization (WHO)" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "fecha" => "2011" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "8" "editorial" => "WHO" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneve" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measurement properties of the Activities Scale for Kids" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N.L. 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Adaptação à cultura portuguesa e validação da Escala de Atividades para Crianças (ASK)

Daniela Paixãoa,

Corresponding author

danielapaixaomartins@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Luís Manuel Cavalheiroa,b, Rui Soles Gonçalvesa,b, Pedro Lopes Ferreirab,c

a Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal

b Centre for Health Studies & Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

c School of Economics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization estimated that 15&#37; of the world population lives with disabilities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Therefore&#44; measuring disability is essential for developing programs and policies to promote the integration and participation of these individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Similarly&#44; to assess the effectiveness of healthcare interventions&#44; it is necessary to quantify the impact of functional limitations on activity and participation of the individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the efforts and the published studies&#44; no measurement instrument covered all components of functionality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Recently&#44; several outcome measures have been developed specifically for children with disabilities<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#59; however&#44; few are adapted for the Portuguese culture&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Activity Scale for Kids &#40;ASK&#41; is a specific measure for the pediatric population&#44; intended to assess the degree of disability in children aged 5&#8211;15 years with functional limitations&#44; within a wide range of health conditions&#46; Moreover&#44; this measure has been shown to have good psychometric properties and significant clinical utility&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5</span></a> Its clinical utility is important&#44; being a valid measure with correlation values between 0&#46;82 &#40;ASK&#8211;Performance &#91;ASKp&#93;&#41; and 0&#46;85 &#40;ASK&#8211;Capability &#91;ASKc&#93;&#41; with the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire &#8211; CHAQ&#46; It presents good reproducibility values at 2 weeks &#40;ICC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;97 for ASKp and ICC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;98 for ASKc&#41; and a Cronbach alpha value of 0&#46;99&#46; It was also shown to be able to discriminate among different levels of disability&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It has been widely referenced in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;19</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the few child outcome measures adapted for the Portuguese culture is the KINDL questionnaire&#46; It is a generic instrument conceived to measure quality of life of sick or healthy children and adolescents&#44; from 4 to 17 years of age&#46; It is available to be used in three age groups &#40;4&#8211;6&#44; 7&#8211;13&#44; and 14&#8211;17&#41; and has five versions&#44; depending on the age of the respondent and the information source &#40;children or parents version&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Portuguese version of KINDL was shown to be semantically equivalent to the original measure&#59; it offers good levels of reliability and acceptable levels of validity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main objective of this study was to culturally adapt the ASKc and ASKp modules to European Portuguese and to evaluate their validity and reliability&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">The present study proceeded in two phases</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first phase followed the sequential approach&#44; commonly used in these type of studies to obtain a linguistically equivalent version&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;21&#44;22</span></a> It includes the authorization given by the author of the original instrument<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and its adaptation for European Portuguese language and culture&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A formal permission for the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese was obtained from Nancy Young&#44; the developer of ASK&#46; This process was performed according to the stages guideline used in self-report measures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forward translation&#46; The original version of ASK was translated into Portuguese by two independent Portuguese translators fluent in English&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consensus version&#46; A panel composed by three experts from the Center for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra developed a consensus version from both translations &#40;first preliminary version&#41;&#46; This synthesis process was documented in a written report&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Back-translation&#46; A translator&#44; native in English and fluent in Portuguese&#44; translated the consensus version back into English&#46; This back-translation and all previous translations of ASK were taken into consideration to reach a consensus&#44; obtaining the second preliminary version&#46; This process was documented in a written report&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Content validity&#46; An expert review committee&#44; composed by two pediatric physical therapists and a physician specialized in pediatric physical medicine and rehabilitation&#44; reached a consensus on the translation of ASK&#46; This expert committee meeting resulted in a pre-final version&#46; The final stage of the cross-cultural adaptation of ASK was to cognitively pre-test the questionnaire&#46; Children and parents were interviewed to assess whether the items were understandable&#46; To obtain a general representation of the population&#44; the initial panel was composed by 15 children with different characteristics and a parents&#8217; panel composed by four parents of children less than 10 years old&#59; two of these children were healthy&#46; After filling the questionnaire&#44; each participant was asked to point out any difficulties in understanding or ambiguities in the translation&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This stage completed the creation of the Portuguese version of both ASKp and ASKc&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second phase examined the validity and reliability tests of the Portuguese version&#46; Specifically&#44; the authors assessed construct validity&#44; internal consistency&#44; and reproducibility&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Participants</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A convenience sample collected at 11 healthcare institutions &#40;hospitals and patient associations&#41; was used&#44; including 88 children aged between 5 and 15 years with various types of functional disorders &#40;neuromuscular&#44; orthopedic&#47;traumatology and&#47;or rheumatology&#44; cardio-respiratory&#44; or others&#41;&#46; Children with cognitive deficits and children with sensorial changes that would prevent them from answering or understanding the measure were excluded from the analysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The healthcare institutions obtained approval from their respective institutional review boards&#44; and consent was obtained from the different participants&#46; Before each face-to-face interview there was a explanation of the study&#44; including its goals&#44; confidentiality and participation conditions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Data collection</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The protocols were mailed to the institutions that had agreed to participate&#44; along with pre-stamped envelopes for the answers&#46; One physiotherapist of each institution was responsible for selecting the sample elements and for administering the protocols during the defined periods&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Children up to 10 years responded to the questionnaire in the presence of adults &#40;physical therapist&#44; parents&#44; or caregivers&#41;&#59; nonetheless&#44; the answer always came from the child&#46; Children older than 10 years read and responded by themselves&#44; except in the case of those who had visual or motor disabilities that would prevent them from responding&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data collection protocol contained both ASK modules&#44; the Portuguese version of KINDL&#44; and a form to collect some questions of patient characteristics&#44; including two clinical questions &#40;regarding mobility needs and health conditions&#41;&#46; The ASK was applied twice to the same participants with an interval of one to two weeks&#44; to assess reproducibility&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Instruments</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Portuguese versions of both ASK and KINDL were administered&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ASK is a specific pediatric measure composed of two modules&#58; ASKc&#44; which reflects what the child is able to do in his&#47;her daily environment&#44; and ASKp&#44; which reflects what the child actually does on his&#47;her daily environment&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both modules are organized in seven domains &#40;personal care&#44; dressing&#44; other skills&#44; locomotion&#44; play&#44; standing skills&#44; and transfers&#41; containing 30 items each&#44; identical but with different answer options&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This instrument is self-administered for children aged 10 years or older&#46; Children under 10 years of age have to be helped by their caregivers&#44; but the answers have to be exclusively given by the children&#46; The ASK cannot be applied on children that are unable to understand what is being asked&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In both modules&#44; the summary scores were calculated by the mean of the answers &#40;0&#8211;4 points&#41;&#44; and the result was reported as a percentage score &#40;range 0&#8211;100&#41;&#44; where 100&#37; indicates full physical function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The KINDL measures six dimensions of quality of life &#40;physical and emotional well-being&#44; self-esteem&#44; family&#44; friends&#44; and school&#41;&#46; Regarding the age group&#44; three versions of the questionnaire were used&#58; Kiddy&#44; for children aged 4&#8211;6 years &#40;interview&#41;&#59; Kid&#44; for children aged 7&#8211;13&#59; and Kiddo&#44; for teenagers &#40;14&#8211;17&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Individual dimension scores can be calculated by adding the responses given to the questions transformed to a positive scale of 0&#8211;100&#44; according to the KINDL manual&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> The total score can be obtained by the sum of the dimension scores&#44; where higher values indicated better quality of life&#46; Reverse scoring was applied to some items&#44; so that higher item scores represent better quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of study participants were summarized using descriptive statistics of central tendency&#44; dispersion&#44; frequencies&#44; and percentages&#44; according to the type of variables&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The construct validity was assessed analyzing Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&#41; obtained between the dimensions of KINDL and ASK&#46; The interpretation of the correlation values was performed based on Cohen&#39;s criteria&#58; very low correlation &#40;&#8804;0&#46;19&#41;&#59; low &#40;between 0&#46;20 and 0&#46;39&#41;&#59; moderate &#40;between 0&#46;40 and 0&#46;69&#41;&#59; high &#40;between 0&#46;70 and 0&#46;89&#41;&#44; and very high &#40;for values &#8805;0&#46;90&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test was also used to compare the means of ASK dimensions between groups formed by the two clinical questions&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was hypothesized that the best scores on quality of life would correspond to a better physical function&#46; Similarly&#44; individuals with neuromuscular conditions and&#47;or needing support to move should have worse ASK scores&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To calculate the reproducibility we used the intraclass correlation coefficient &#40;ICC&#41; for agreement&#44; formula 2&#46;1&#46; Values higher than or equal to 0&#46;70 were considered acceptable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The internal consistency of ASK was tested using Cronbach&#39;s alpha&#46; Values higher than or equal to 0&#46;70 were considered acceptable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the statistical analysis&#44; SPSS version 18&#46;0 for Windows was used &#40;Inc&#46; Released 2009&#46; PASW Statistics for Windows&#44; version 18&#46;0&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Values lower than 0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Cross-cultural adaptation</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ASK was successfully cross-culturally adapted into European Portuguese&#46; The children panel was composed of 15 children &#40;eight females&#41;&#44; and nine of whom had unilateral or bilateral spastic cerebral palsy&#46; The ASK was completed by the children in 34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; However&#44; during this process some minor difficulties were observed regarding the meaning of the terms &#8220;blouse&#44;&#8221; &#8220;shirt&#44;&#8221; and &#8220;brace&#8221;&#46; In these cases&#44; multiple synonyms were used&#44; to include all options&#44; for both Portuguese versions of ASK&#46; The item 29 of ASKc created some disagreement in the translation process concerning the sentence structure&#46; As the recommendations of the translators were not fully accepted&#44; it was decided to combine the proposals into a new solution&#44; more simple and clear&#46; Finally&#44; all the members of the expert committee agreed with the pre-final version&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No changes resulted from either the expert committee&#44; children panel&#44; or parents panel &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The length of the protocol might have been&#44; in some cases&#44; considered inconvenient&#44; but it was generally considered easy to understand and respond&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Construct validity</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the validity study&#44; a sample of 88 children aged 10&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2 years was used&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> presents the main characteristics of the sample&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To address construct validity&#44; the ASK scores were compared with two clinical outcomes&#58; need for mobility support and health conditions&#44; as well as the correlations between ASK and KINDL different dimensions&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study of the relationship between ASK responses and the need for support &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41; showed that individuals with higher ASK scores &#40;ASKp and ASKc&#41; were less likely to require any type of support to move&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> also presents the relationship between ASK scores and individuals&#8217; health condition&#46; It was evident that those who had higher ASK scores were also more likely to have musculoskeletal disorders&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When confronting ASK and KINDL&#44; positive correlations were observed between ASKp and ASKc and all the KINDL dimensions&#44; with the exception of the physical well-being dimension&#46; Most of these correlations were low and&#47;or moderate &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Reliability</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the internal consistency of ASK Portuguese version&#44; acceptable values were found for both for ASKp and ASKc&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reproducibility values of ASKp and ASKc were also found to be acceptable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#44; after the questionnaires were completed twice&#44; one or two weeks apart&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering the results from the consensus panels&#44; clinical review panel&#44; and the panels of children and parents&#44; it can be affirmed that semantic and content equivalence between the translated version of ASK and the original version were reached&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general&#44; this measure was considered clear&#44; understandable&#44; and appropriate for a pediatric population&#46; The only downside was the fact that it is a relatively extensive measure&#44; especially when applying both versions together&#44; as shown by the mean time for completion of the two versions &#40;33&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#41;&#46; The authors conclude that the Portuguese version of ASK presents an acceptable level of content validity&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the existence of support received by children to move&#44; it was observed that both in ASKp and ASKc&#44; the majority of individuals &#40;between 53&#37; and 56&#37;&#41; reported not to use any support for moving both indoors and outside&#46; These findings appear to indicate a correlation between what children really do in their day-to-day and what they think they can do&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To assess the validity of ASK&#44; the authors assumed that it could allow to discriminate among different levels of capability &#40;ASKc&#41; and performance &#40;ASKp&#41; among groups that would hypothetically have these differences&#46; These hypotheses were confirmed between individuals using or not any type of support to move&#44; for both versions of ASK&#46; Therefore&#44; individuals who used support to move are expected to show a lower degree of functionality and therefore have lower scores in ASK &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was also expected to find statistically significant differences between children with musculoskeletal disorders and children with neuromuscular conditions&#44; assuming that neuromuscular conditions result in more incapacitating stages&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The results obtained for both versions of ASK did not reject this hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the assessment of validity&#44; the relations between ASK and KINDL were also analyzed&#46; The assumption was the existence of positive correlation values between the confronted constructs&#44; supporting the hypothesis that more favorable health conditions should correspond to better levels of capacity and performance&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The choice of KINDL was due to the lack of a standard measure suitable for the Portuguese language and culture&#46; Furthermore&#44; a Portuguese version of the KINDL is available&#44; covering the required ages&#46; Additionally&#44; a similar strategy was used in the study of the original version&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When analyzing the values of the correlations between KINDL Total and both ASKp and ASKc scores&#44; the existence of positive and moderate correlations was observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#44; thus confirming the hypothesis that children with better degree of functionality also present a better level of quality of life&#46; A correlation of the two versions of ASK with all dimensions of the KINDL was also observed&#44; except for the physical well-being dimension&#46; To try to explain this finding&#44; the authors compared the questions of the physical well-being dimension of KINDL and the items of the ASK&#44; and observed that the four questions of physical well-being dimension of KINDL regard feeling ill&#44; body aches&#44; tired&#44; or strong&#44; while the items of ASK are related with the performance of daily activities&#46; However&#44; the KINDL physical dimension can match concepts in some way different from ASK ones&#46; In turn&#44; the fact that the sample comprised approximately 18&#37; individuals with cerebral palsy may represent a bias in the results&#46; It is known that children tend to overvalue their health status&#44; in particular those with cerebral palsy&#44; who have a different expectation in relation to their physical abilities in comparison to individuals who have an acquired disability&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite not including questions related to KINDL emotional well-being and self-esteem dimensions&#44; the correlation values obtained for both ASKp and ASKc&#44; albeit weak to moderate&#44; were acceptable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; These values can be justified by the difference of constructs and by the fact that the sample was composed of children who perceived their incapacities as slight to moderate&#44; leading to the hypothesis of good levels of self-esteem and emotional well-being&#46; Bjorson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> corroborates this assumption&#44; evidencing that the performance of activities positively influence physical health&#44; behavior&#44; and emotional condition in children with cerebral palsy&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the family dimension&#44; there was a weak correlation for both ASKp and ASKc &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;386&#41;&#46; This type of correlation was already expected&#44; since ASK does not consider issues directly related to the family&#46; In the friends dimension&#44; moderate correlation values &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> between 0&#46;624 and 0&#46;440&#41; were observed for both ASKc and ASKp&#46; This result was expected&#44; given that ASK has questions that directly focus on the child&#39;s friends&#46; Finally&#44; in the school dimension&#44; only a weak correlation with ASKp was observed &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;343&#41;&#44; something that was also expected&#44; since ASK does not present questions related to school performance&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the internal consistency and reproducibility of ASK&#44; the results showed acceptable values&#46; The values of the ICC obtained for both ASKc &#40;ICC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;978&#41; and ASKp &#40;ICC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;986&#41; were in agreement&#44; representing a high reproducibility according to the criteria previously listed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> When compared with the reproducibility levels of the original version&#44; it was verified that the results of the test&#8211;retest were consistent&#44; since the value of the ICC in the original study was 0&#46;97 for both versions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;6</span></a> It can be considered that the Portuguese version of ASK shows good levels of reproducibility&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding internal consistency&#44; results for each ASK version &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;980 for ASKp and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;972 for ASKc&#41; were similar to the original results&#44; which were considered to be high&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> These figures suggest that all items of the scale measure the same constructs&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitations of this study were related to the extension of the protocol used&#44; including both ASK versions&#44; KINDL questionnaire&#44; and socio-demographic questions&#46; Furthermore&#44; the sample size did not allow for the performance of a factor analysis to test the construct validity&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the results&#44; the authors conclude that the Portuguese ASK versions present semantic and content equivalences with the original version&#44; as well as acceptable values of validity and reliability&#46; Finally&#44; they propose further studies to deepen the present findings and to further explore the psychometric characteristics of the measure&#44; including the assessment of its responsiveness&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors consider that the Portuguese ASK versions can be used both in clinical practice and research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Resumo"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          "titulo" => "Methods"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
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              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "The present study proceeded in two phases"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Participants"
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              "titulo" => "Data collection"
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              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Instruments"
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              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
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          "titulo" => "Results"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Cross-cultural adaptation"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Construct validity"
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              "titulo" => "Reliability"
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          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
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          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-05-24"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-09-23"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec706056"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Child"
            1 => "Disability"
            2 => "Performance"
            3 => "Capability"
            4 => "Outcome measures"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec706057"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Crian&#231;a"
            1 => "Defici&#234;ncia"
            2 => "Desempenho"
            3 => "Capacidade"
            4 => "Medidas dos resultados"
          ]
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      ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main purpose of the current study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids &#40;ASK&#41; both in its capability and performance versions to the European Portuguese language so it can be used in Portugal by healthcare professionals in children from 5 to 15 years of age with functional disabilities related to specific health conditions&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cross-cultural adaptation of ASK followed the classic sequential methodology for linguistic equivalence&#46; To test its validity&#44; internal consistency&#44; and reproducibility&#44; the Portuguese version of ASK was administered together with the KINDL Questionnaire &#40;KINDL&#41; to 88 children &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 years of age&#41; with functional limitations&#46; The test&#8211;retest study was conducted two weeks apart&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">After obtaining the semantic and content validity&#44; the Portuguese version of ASK demonstrated good levels of reproducibility &#40;performance&#58; intraclass correlation coefficient &#91;ICC&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;99&#59; capability&#58; ICC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;98&#41; and internal consistency &#40;performance&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;98&#59; capability&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;97&#41;&#46; The correlations between ASK and KINDL were positive and moderate&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Portuguese version of ASK showed acceptable levels of validity&#44; internal consistency&#44; and reproducibility&#59; the authors recommend its use in clinical settings&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Objectives"
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      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O principal objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adapta&#231;&#227;o transcultural para o portugu&#234;s europeu e a valida&#231;&#227;o das vers&#245;es de capacidade e desempenho da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escala de Atividades para Crian&#231;as</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Activity Scale for Kids</span> &#40;ASK&#41;&#41;&#44; de forma que possa ser utilizada em Portugal por profissionais da sa&#250;de com crian&#231;as de 5 a 15 anos de idade com defici&#234;ncias funcionais relacionadas a doen&#231;as espec&#237;ficas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A adapta&#231;&#227;o transcultural da ASK seguiu a metodologia sequencial cl&#225;ssica para obter equival&#234;ncia lingu&#237;stica&#46; Para testar sua validade&#44; coer&#234;ncia interna e reprodutibilidade&#44; a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s da ASK foi administrada juntamente com o Question&#225;rio KINDL &#40;KINDL&#41; em 88 crian&#231;as &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 anos de idade&#41; com limita&#231;&#245;es funcionais&#46; O estudo de teste-reteste foi realizado com um intervalo de duas semanas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s obter a validade sem&#226;ntica e de conte&#250;do&#44; a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s da ASK demonstrou bons n&#237;veis de reprodutibilidade &#40;desempenho&#58; coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse &#40;CCI&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;99&#59; capacidade&#58; CCI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;98&#41; e coer&#234;ncia interna &#40;desempenho&#58; &#945;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;98&#59; capacidade&#58; &#945;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;97&#41;&#46; As correla&#231;&#245;es entre a ASK e o KINDL foram positivas e moderadas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s da ASK apresentou n&#237;veis aceit&#225;veis de validade&#44; coer&#234;ncia interna e reprodutibilidade&#44; e recomendamos seu uso em ambientes cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p></span>"
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Paix&#227;o D&#44; Cavalheiro LM&#44; Gon&#231;alves RS&#44; Ferreira PL&#46; Portuguese cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids &#40;ASK&#41;&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;367&#8211;73&#46;</p>"
      ]
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Study conducted at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra&#44; Coimbra Health School&#44; Coimbra&#44; Portugal&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Module&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Original&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Portuguese version&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">ASK performance</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;I <span class="elsevierStyleBold">used the toilet</span> at home by myself &#8230;<br>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">includes getting on and off the toilet</span>&#41;&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Em casa&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">fui &#224; sanita</span> sozinho&#47;a&#8230;<br>&#40;inclui sentar e levantar da sanita&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I <span class="elsevierStyleBold">washed my whole body</span> by myself <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8230;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Lavei-me todo&#47;a sozinho&#47;a&#8230;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;I <span class="elsevierStyleBold">put my shirt on</span> by myself &#8230;&#8220;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Vesti a camisola&#44; blusa ou t-shirt</span> sozinho&#47;a&#8230;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">ASK capability</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I think <span class="elsevierStyleBold">I could have used the toilet</span> at home by myself &#8230;<br>&#40;includes getting on and off the toilet&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Penso que <span class="elsevierStyleBold">teria conseguido</span>&#44; em casa&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">ir &#224; sanita</span> sozinho&#47;a&#8230;<br>&#40;inclui sentar e levantar da sanita&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I think <span class="elsevierStyleBold">I could have washed my whole body</span> by myself&#8230;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Penso que <span class="elsevierStyleBold">teria conseguido lavar-me todo&#47;a</span> sozinho&#47;a&#8230;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">I think <span class="elsevierStyleBold">I could have put my shirt on</span> by myself&#8230;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Penso que teria <span class="elsevierStyleBold">conseguido vestir a camisola&#44; blusa ou t-shirt</span> sozinho&#47;a&#8230;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequencies&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Educational level</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pre scholar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">First cycle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Second or third cycle &#40;secondary school&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Form completion</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Auto administrated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">By interview&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Health condition</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Neuromuscular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87&#46;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Musculoskeletal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1139659.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sample validation study &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASK&#44; Activities Scale for Kids&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Support&#47;Health condition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="top">ASKp</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Indoor environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No special support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Outside environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No special support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Health condition</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Musculoskeletal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuromuscular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="top">ASKc</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Indoor environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No special support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">83&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Outside environment</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No special support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">85&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Any kind of support&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Health condition</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Musculoskeletal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neuromuscular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1139661.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASK <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> need of support and health condition &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASK&#44; Activities Scale for Kids&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Kindl<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PWB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EWB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ASKp</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;559&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;538&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;624&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;343&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;631&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;867&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">ASKc</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;093&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;464&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;396&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;440&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;292&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;523&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;493&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1139662.png"
              ]
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Article information

ISSN: 00217557
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.jped.2015.09.010

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	4	4	8
2024 October	28	32	60
2024 September	28	35	63
2024 August	44	33	77
2024 July	32	32	64
2024 June	27	24	51
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2024 March	27	15	42
2024 February	17	24	41
2024 January	16	19	35
2023 December	13	28	41
2023 November	24	36	60
2023 October	14	23	37
2023 September	27	36	63
2023 August	14	15	29
2023 July	21	18	39
2023 June	18	9	27
2023 May	17	21	38
2023 April	13	3	16
2023 March	22	15	37
2023 February	12	18	30
2023 January	14	14	28
2022 December	16	17	33
2022 November	22	26	48
2022 October	24	31	55
2022 September	23	35	58
2022 August	18	33	51
2022 July	18	32	50
2022 June	13	24	37
2022 May	19	27	46
2022 April	33	26	59
2022 March	23	31	54
2022 February	14	19	33
2022 January	13	13	26
2021 December	15	22	37
2021 November	8	15	23
2021 October	10	21	31
2021 September	3	7	10
2021 August	5	14	19
2021 July	3	11	14
2021 June	5	5	10
2021 May	7	14	21
2021 April	8	17	25
2021 March	5	14	19
2021 February	5	6	11
2021 January	8	10	18
2020 December	9	7	16
2020 November	7	13	20
2020 October	5	12	17
2020 September	14	12	26
2020 August	3	5	8
2020 July	2	6	8
2020 June	8	3	11
2020 May	2	2	4
2020 April	5	12	17
2020 March	2	7	9
2020 February	7	11	18
2020 January	7	14	21
2019 December	5	4	9
2019 November	5	3	8
2019 October	7	10	17
2019 September	9	8	17
2019 August	10	10	20
2019 July	14	8	22
2019 June	11	10	21
2019 May	14	10	24
2019 April	13	8	21
2019 March	11	4	15
2019 February	10	5	15
2019 January	12	3	15
2018 December	11	13	24
2018 November	13	12	25
2018 October	92	22	114
2018 September	49	11	60
2018 August	24	2	26
2018 July	7	8	15
2018 June	12	5	17
2018 May	7	5	12
2018 April	6	4	10
2018 March	8	3	11
2018 February	1	2	3
2018 January	6	2	8
2017 December	3	3	6
2017 November	8	2	10
2017 October	11	4	15
2017 September	5	2	7
2017 August	2	0	2
2017 July	2	0	2
2017 June	10	2	12
2017 May	6	1	7
2017 April	5	1	6
2017 March	12	4	16
2017 February	3	12	15
2017 January	10	5	15
2016 December	7	5	12
2016 November	8	9	17
2016 October	14	11	25
2016 September	20	12	32
2016 August	49	17	66
2016 July	11	7	18
2016 June	14	10	24
2016 May	13	10	23

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