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Vol. 90. Issue 2.
Pages 155-160 (March - April 2014)
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Vol. 90. Issue 2.
Pages 155-160 (March - April 2014)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL
Open Access
Cognitive and behavioral heterogeneity in genetic syndromes
Heterogeneidade cognitiva e comportamental em síndromes genéticas
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4064
Luiz F.L. Pegoraroa,b,
Corresponding author
luizflp@fcm.unicamp.br

Corresponding author.
, Carlos E. Steinerc, Eloisa H.R.V. Celeria, Claudio E.M. Banzatoa, Paulo Dalgalarrondoa,b
a Departamento de Psicologia Médica e Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
b Centro de Investigação em Pediatria, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
c Departamento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Article information
Abstract
Objective

this study aimed to investigate the cognitive and behavioral profiles, as well as the psychiatric symptoms and disorders in children with three different genetic syndromes with similar sociocultural and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Methods

thirty-four children aged 6 to 16 years, with Williams-Beuren syndrome (n = 10), Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 11), and Fragile X syndrome (n = 13) from the outpatient clinics of Child Psychiatry and Medical Genetics Department were cognitively assessed through the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). Afterwards, a full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ, performance IQ, standard subtest scores, as well as frequency of psychiatric symptoms and disorders were compared among the three syndromes.

Results

significant differences were found among the syndromes concerning verbal IQ and verbal and performance subtests. Post-hoc analysis demonstrated that vocabulary and comprehension subtest scores were significantly higher in Williams-Beuren syndrome in comparison with Prader-Willi and Fragile X syndromes, and block design and object assembly scores were significantly higher in Prader-Willi syndrome compared with Williams-Beuren and Fragile X syndromes. Additionally, there were significant differences between the syndromes concerning behavioral features and psychiatric symptoms. The Prader-Willi syndrome group presented a higher frequency of hyperphagia and self- injurious behaviors. The Fragile X syndrome group showed a higher frequency of social interaction deficits; such difference nearly reached statistical significance.

Conclusion

the three genetic syndromes exhibited distinctive cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric patterns.

Keywords:
Cognition
Behavior
Williams-Beuren syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Resumo
Objetivo

investigar o perfil cognitivo e comportamental, sintomas e transtornos psiquiá- tricos em crianças com três diferentes síndromes genéticas, com antecedentes sociocul- turais e socioeconômicos semelhantes.

Métodos

trinta e quatro crianças, entre 6 e 16 anos, com as síndromes de Williams- Beuren (n = 10), de Prader-Willi (n = 11) e do X-Frágil (n = 13), dos ambulatórios de Psiquiatria Infantil e Genética Médica, foram avaliadas cognitivamente pela Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças (WISC-III). Posteriormente, o QI total, o QI Verbal, o QI de Execução, os escores ponderados dos subtestes e a frequência de sintomas e transtornos psiquiátricos foram comparados entre as síndromes.

Resultados

diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre as síndromes quanto ao QI Verbal e os subtestes verbais e de execução. A análise Post-hoc demonstrou que os escores dos subtestes vocabulário e compreensão foram significativamente superiores na síndrome de Williams-Beuren em relação às síndromes de Prader-Willi e do X-Frágil, e os escores dos subtestes cubos e armar objetos foram significativamente superiores na síndrome de Prader-Willi em relação às síndromes de Williams-Beuren e do X-Frágil. Além disso, houve diferença significativa entre as síndromes quanto às características comportamentais e os sintomas psiquiátricos. O grupo com síndrome de Prader-Willi apresentou maior frequência de hiperfagia e comportamentos autolesivos. Já o grupo com síndrome do X-Frágil apresentou maior frequência do déficit da interação social. Esta diferença quase alcançou a significância estatística.

Conclusão

as três síndromes genéticas apresentaram um padrão cognitivo, comporta- mental e psiquiátrico diferenciado quando foram comparadas entre si.

Palavras-chave:
Cognição
Comportamento
Síndrome de Williams- Beuren
Síndrome de Prader- Willi
Síndrome do X-Frágil
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Como citar este artigo: Pegoraro LF, Steiner CE, Celeri EH, Banzato CE, Dalgalarrondo P. Cognitive and behavioral heterogeneity in genetic syndromes. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:155-60.

Copyright © 2013. Brasileira de Pediatria
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