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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a hiperemia reativa p&#243;s&#8208;oclusiva &#40;FBF&#41; e &#40;A&#41; leptina e &#40;B&#41; gordura corporal e correla&#231;&#227;o entre a dist&#226;ncia corrida no teste Yo&#8208;yo e &#40;C&#41; circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal e &#40;D&#41; gordura corporal&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia da obesidade tem aumentado em todo o mundo e &#233; considerada um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica devido &#224; sua epidemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A causa para esse aumento da preval&#234;ncia parece ser uma redu&#231;&#227;o progressiva no n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> e mudan&#231;as nos h&#225;bitos alimentares com um aumento na ingest&#227;o de energia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Uma das principais preocupa&#231;&#245;es com a obesidade &#233; sua associa&#231;&#227;o a v&#225;rios fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a cardiovascular&#44; como hipertens&#227;o&#44; dislipidemia&#44; hiperinsulinemia e intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose culminando em diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> tipo 2 &#40;DM2&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Apesar de a obesidade afetar todas as faixas et&#225;rias&#44; por muitos anos achava&#8208;se que as complica&#231;&#245;es eram encontradas somente em adultos obesos&#46; V&#225;rios estudos demonstraram agora que a obesidade infantil j&#225; apresenta efeitos negativos sobre a sa&#250;de das crian&#231;as&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#233; principalmente diagnosticada em uma idade mais avan&#231;ada&#44; por&#233;m os processos insidiosos da aterosclerose&#44; a base da doen&#231;a cardiovascular&#44; podem come&#231;ar na primeira inf&#226;ncia&#46; A disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; n&#227;o somente a precursora&#44; mas tamb&#233;m pode ser usada como um marcador do processo ateroscler&#243;tico&#44; pois ela prev&#234; mortalidade e morbidez cardiovascular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Isso foi demonstrado em adultos e tamb&#233;m em crian&#231;as e adolescentes obesos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A atividade f&#237;sica &#233; um comportamento definido como qualquer movimento produzido pelos m&#250;sculos esquel&#233;ticos que resulta em um aumento substancial no gasto cal&#243;rico&#44; al&#233;m dos n&#237;veis de repouso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> A adapta&#231;&#227;o corporal &#224; atividade f&#237;sica tem dois componentes principais&#58; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e a pr&#225;tica de fato da atividade f&#237;sica&#46; A pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica com suas vari&#225;veis &#40;regularidade&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade&#41; &#233; o principal determinante da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ser a &#250;nica&#46; A aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica representa a resposta do corpo &#224; atividade f&#237;sica e &#233; influenciada por outras vari&#225;veis&#44; como idade&#44; sexo&#44; sa&#250;de&#44; gen&#233;tica&#44; e fatores ambientais&#44; como dieta&#44; estresse&#44; tabagismo&#44; consumo de &#225;lcool e passado pessoal&#44; o que significa que algu&#233;m que foi muito ativo no passado pode ter uma melhor aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica agora&#44; mesmo se n&#227;o atualmente ativo&#46; Para a maior parte dos indiv&#237;duos&#44; aumentar a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica melhora a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> e os n&#237;veis elevados de ambas est&#227;o relacionados &#224;s menores taxas de morbidez e mortalidade de v&#225;rias causas&#44; inclusive doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se que&#44; em adultos&#44; a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica melhora a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; reduz a mortalidade e morbidez cardiovascular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Nas crian&#231;as&#44; a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica moderada a vigorosa afeta a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Estudos longitudinais demonstraram que&#44; em crian&#231;as obesas&#44; o treinamento f&#237;sico pode melhorar a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial com rela&#231;&#227;o a altera&#231;&#245;es no &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; ou peso corporal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; fundamental entender melhor a fisiologia do aumento do risco cardiovascular que come&#231;a na inf&#226;ncia&#46; Nas crian&#231;as&#44; a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica &#233; um protetor direto da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; independentemente do peso&#44; ou o mecanismo pelo qual a atividade f&#237;sica protege a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; somente por meio de controle do peso&#63; O fator da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica tamb&#233;m precisa ser levado em considera&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se h&#225; disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial nas crian&#231;as com peso normal ou sobrepeso e se o perfil metab&#243;lico&#44; as adipocinas e a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial seriam mais fortemente associados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou aos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Indiv&#237;duos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo foi transversal e envolveu crian&#231;as entre 5 e 12 anos&#44; pr&#233;&#8208;p&#250;beres ou no in&#237;cio da puberdade &#40;est&#225;gio puberal 2 de Tanner&#41;&#46; Foram recrutadas das cl&#237;nicas pedi&#225;tricas e escolas em geral&#46; Foram classificadas como acima do peso ou obesas com base nos crit&#233;rios da OMS&#46; As crian&#231;as com escore z de IMC entre &#43; 1 e &#43; 2 foram consideradas com sobrepeso e com valores acima de &#43; 2 foram consideradas obesas&#46; Para a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; as crian&#231;as com sobrepeso e obesas integraram um &#250;nico grupo denominado &#8220;acima do peso&#8221;&#46; O escore z foi calculado com o uso da vers&#227;o 1&#46;04 do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> Anthro Plu &#40;OMS&#44; Genebra&#44; Su&#237;&#231;a&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o inclu&#237;ram doen&#231;as que podem interferir na avalia&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o&#44; dos marcadores de inflama&#231;&#227;o ou no teste para avaliar o condicionamento f&#237;sico&#44; como doen&#231;as renais&#44; hematol&#243;gicas&#44; hep&#225;ticas&#44; reumatol&#243;gicas&#44; cardiovasculares&#44; respirat&#243;rias&#44; infecciosas e end&#243;crinas&#46; A exposi&#231;&#227;o recente a traumas ou cirurgias tamb&#233;m excluiria os indiv&#237;duos do estudo&#46; O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica de nossa institui&#231;&#227;o e foi obtido o consentimento informado dos pais&#47;respons&#225;veis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Procedimentos</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as foram avaliadas na Cl&#237;nica de Obesidade Infantil do Servi&#231;o de Endocrinologia Pedi&#225;trica do Hospital Universit&#225;rio&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o incluiu uma avalia&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico&#8208;nutricional&#46; A press&#227;o arterial &#40;Tycos&#44; Welch Allyn Company&#44; Arden&#44; Carolina do Norte&#44; EUA&#41; foi avaliada com a crian&#231;a sentada&#44; seguiu o protocolo&#8208;padr&#227;o&#46; O peso foi verificado com uma balan&#231;a digital &#40;Filizola<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#41; com resolu&#231;&#227;o de 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; A estatura foi medida com um estadi&#244;metro fixado na parede &#40;Tonelli<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Crici&#250;ma&#44; SC&#44; Brasil&#41; com resolu&#231;&#227;o de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Todas as crian&#231;as foram pesadas e medidas com roupas leves e sem sapatos&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura foi medida no ponto m&#233;dio entre a crista il&#237;aca e o arco costal&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia do quadril foi medida na maior parte dos indiv&#237;duos e foi calculada a raz&#227;o cintura&#47;quadril&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia do abd&#244;men foi medida dois dedos abaixo do umbigo&#46; Todas as circunfer&#234;ncias foram medidas com uma fita n&#227;o distens&#237;vel&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas as amostras de sangue foram coletadas de manh&#227;&#44; ap&#243;s jejum de 12 horas&#46; As amostras foram imediatamente centrifugadas&#44; armazenadas e congeladas a &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#176;</span>C para an&#225;lise posterior&#46; A insulina foi medida com o equipamento gamma C12 com uma fase s&#243;lida para radioimunoensaio Coat&#8208;A&#8208;Count<span class="elsevierStyleSup">125</span> 1 &#40;DPC&#44; Los Angeles&#44; CA&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; A leptina e a adiponectina foram medidas por radioimunoensaio no equipamento gamma C12 com kits que usam o m&#233;todo de duplo anticorpo PEG &#40;Linco Reserach&#44; St&#46; Charles&#44; MO&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de glicose no soro&#44; colesterol total &#40;CT&#41;&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade &#40;HDL&#41; e triglicer&#237;deos &#40;TG&#41; foram analisados imediatamente ap&#243;s a coleta&#46; A HOMA&#8208;RI foi calculada com a multiplica&#231;&#227;o do valor da glicemia de jejum &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41; pela insulina de jejum &#40;&#956;IU&#47;mL&#41; e divis&#227;o por 22&#46;5&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em uma visita separada&#44; a pletismografia de oclus&#227;o venosa &#40;VOP&#41; foi feita ap&#243;s jejum de no m&#237;nimo quatro horas e sem a ingest&#227;o de cafe&#237;na e pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos continuaram em uma sala com temperatura controlada &#40;20&#8208;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C na posi&#231;&#227;o supina&#41;&#46; O fluxo sangu&#237;neo do antebra&#231;o &#40;FSA&#41;&#44; em mL&#47;min&#46;&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL de tecido&#44; foi medido com a VOP &#40;Hokanson&#44; EC6&#44; D&#46;E&#46;&#44; Bellevue&#44; WA&#44; EUA&#41; no antebra&#231;o ou perna n&#227;o dominante &#40;com base no tamanho da crian&#231;a&#41;&#44; mantido no n&#237;vel do cora&#231;&#227;o&#44; com um medidor de tens&#227;o de merc&#250;rio &#40;com sensor sil&#225;stico&#41; posicionado no ter&#231;o proximal do membro em sua circunfer&#234;ncia m&#225;xima&#46; Foram feitas as medi&#231;&#245;es do fluxo b&#225;sico e durante a resposta &#224; hiperemia ap&#243;s oclus&#227;o arterial de tr&#234;s minutos no antebra&#231;o&#46; Foi demonstrado que h&#225; um aumento inicial &#40;1&#8208;2 minutos&#41; no volume do antebra&#231;o&#44; com um leve aumento gradual com a continuidade da isquemia&#46; Como este estudo envolvei crian&#231;as jovens&#44; para reduzir o desconforto do exame foi usado um tempo de oclus&#227;o de tr&#234;s minutos&#46; Houve um intervalo de 20 minutos entre a resposta reativa &#224; hiperemia e a segunda medi&#231;&#227;o do fluxo inicial&#46; A m&#233;dia das quatro primeiras medi&#231;&#245;es em cada per&#237;odo de registro foi usada para an&#225;lise&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A absorciometria de dupla energia de raios X &#40;DXA&#41; &#40;GE Healthcare<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; San Francisco&#44; CA&#44; EUA&#41; avaliou a massa corporal total e localizada de gordura e massa magra&#46; A crian&#231;a foi orientada a n&#227;o usar medicamentos e vestir roupas sem acess&#243;rios de metal&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os escores de atividade f&#237;sica foram avaliados pelo Question&#225;rio de Atividade F&#237;sica &#40;PAQ&#8208;C&#41;&#44; que investiga&#44; ao perguntar aos pais e &#224;s crian&#231;as&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia e a intensidade da atividade f&#237;sica praticada nos sete dias anteriores &#40;inclusive o fim de semana&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> O question&#225;rio consiste em nove perguntas sobre a pr&#225;tica de esportes e jogos&#59; atividades f&#237;sicas na escola e de lazer&#44; inclusive fins de semana&#46; As perguntas t&#234;m valores que variam de 1 a 5&#44; os escores finais s&#227;o obtidos pelas respostas m&#233;dias&#44; de muito sedent&#225;rio &#40;1&#41; a muito ativo &#40;5&#41;&#46; Esse question&#225;rio foi traduzido para o portugu&#234;s e validado para a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira e para a faixa et&#225;ria e usado em diferentes estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> As crian&#231;as com escore &#60; 4&#44;0 foram consideradas sedent&#225;rias e as crian&#231;as com escore &#62; 4&#44;0 foram consideradas ativas&#46; O question&#225;rio tamb&#233;m avalia o n&#250;mero de horas gastas diante da televis&#227;o por dia&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica foi feita pelo Teste Yo&#8208;yo de Resist&#234;ncia Intermitente N&#237;vel 1 de Hardens&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> que consiste em duas marcas de 20 metros cada da velocidade progressiva da corrida&#44; intercalada por cinco segundos de recupera&#231;&#227;o ativa&#46; O indiv&#237;duo teve&#44; ao correr&#44; de seguir os avisos sonoros emitidos pelo CD player&#46; O sinal teve como base a velocidade em km&#47;h&#44; come&#231;ou em 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>km&#47;h e aumentou 0&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>km&#47;h a cada minuto&#46; O objetivo foi que o indiv&#237;duo chegasse ao outro canto antes do pr&#243;ximo aviso sonoro&#46; A corrida foi parada quando houve interrup&#231;&#227;o volunt&#225;ria pelo participante por exaust&#227;o ou dois atrasos consecutivos&#46; Todas as crian&#231;as foram orientadas a vestir roupas leves e t&#234;nis durante o teste&#46; Quando os indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o conseguiram correr mais de 240 metros &#40;cinco voltas completas&#41; foram classificados como n&#227;o aptos e quando conseguiram correr mais de 240 metros foram considerados aptos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os c&#225;lculos preliminares mostraram que&#44; para um poder estat&#237;stico de 80&#37;&#44; o tamanho desej&#225;vel da amostra teria sido 99 indiv&#237;duos&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A normalidade dos dados e a homocedasticidade foram testadas pelos testes de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov e Shapiro&#8208;Wilk&#46; Foram encontrados alguns pequenos problemas de distribui&#231;&#227;o&#59; portanto&#44; os dados foram analisados em uma abordagem n&#227;o param&#233;trica&#46; As diferen&#231;as nos par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos e fisiol&#243;gicos entre os tr&#234;s grupos foram testados por meio de uma Anova n&#227;o param&#233;trica de Kruskal&#8208;Wallis&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> de Dunn foi usado para identificar diferen&#231;as espec&#237;ficas entre os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As compara&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos eutr&#243;fico e acima do peso &#40;grupos sobrepeso &#43; obesos&#41; foram feitas por meio do teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney&#46; As correla&#231;&#245;es entre as vari&#225;veis entre os grupos foram obtidas por meio do R&#243; de Spearman&#44; bem como as an&#225;lises de correla&#231;&#227;o parcial&#46; As estat&#237;sticas descritivas e comparativas foram feitas com a vers&#227;o 8 do Statistica &#40;StatSoft Inc&#46;&#44; Tulsa&#44; OK&#44; EUA&#41; e os testes de correla&#231;&#227;o foram feitos com a vers&#227;o 3&#46;0&#46;2 do pacote PPCOR do R Linguagem e Ambiente para Computa&#231;&#227;o Estat&#237;stica &#40;R Foundation for Statistical Computing&#44; Viena&#44; &#193;ustria&#41;&#46; O n&#237;vel de relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi estabelecido em alfa 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participaram deste estudo 62 crian&#231;as&#44; 31 meninos&#46; Com base no IMC&#44; 27 eram eutr&#243;ficos&#44; dez estavam acima do peso e 25 estavam obesos&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conforme esperado&#44; as vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas &#40;escore z de IMC&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; raz&#227;o cintura&#47;quadril e gordura corporal&#41;&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; colesterol LDL&#44; HOMA&#8208;RI e leptina foram significativamente maiores no grupo de crian&#231;as obesas e acima do peso &#40;individualmente ou agrupados como o grupo acima do peso&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de eutr&#243;ficos &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL e adiponectina estavam mais elevados no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de obesos e com excesso de peso &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o mediada pelo fluxo &#40;VMF&#41; ap&#243;s hiperemia foi maior no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o com os indiv&#237;duos obesos e com excesso de peso&#44; demonstrou uma fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial prejudicada nestes &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; As altera&#231;&#245;es na VMF ap&#243;s hiperemia foram fortemente correlacionadas negativamente &#224; leptina &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;56&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;0001&#41; e ao percentual de gordura corporal &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;49&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;0001&#41; conforme mostrado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>A e B&#44; respectivamente&#44; demonstraram que quanto maior os n&#237;veis de leptina ou gordura corporal&#44; menor a resposta endotelial &#224; hiperemia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica entre os grupos medidos pelo PAQ&#8208;C&#46; Trinta crian&#231;as foram classificadas como ativas &#40;oito eram obesas&#41; e 30 como sedent&#225;rias&#46; Duas crian&#231;as n&#227;o responderam o question&#225;rio PAQ&#8208;C&#46; Com base no teste Yo&#8208;yo&#44; 32 crian&#231;as foram consideradas fisicamente aptas &#40;seis obesas&#41; e 28 n&#227;o aptas&#46; Duas crian&#231;as n&#227;o conclu&#237;ram o teste Yo&#8208;yo&#46; N&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre o PAQ&#8208;C ou o teste Yo&#8208;yo e hiperemia reativa na VMF&#46; Houve uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre o teste Yo&#8208;yo e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;50&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;0001&#41; e o percentual de gordura corporal &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;57&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>C e D respectivamente&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como uma das perguntas foi tentar diferenciar entre a influ&#234;ncia do peso corporal e da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica&#44; foi feita uma an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o de tr&#234;s formas&#46; Primeiro&#44; investigamos se houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre o perfil metab&#243;lico ou os marcadores de inflama&#231;&#227;o e a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica&#46; Ap&#243;s isso&#44; fizemos o ajuste para o escore z de IMC para ver se a correla&#231;&#227;o persistiu&#46; A HOMA&#8208;RI e a leptina foram inversamente correlacionadas ao escore z do PAQ&#8208;C&#44; ao passo que a adiponectina foi positivamente correlacionada&#46; Ap&#243;s os ajustes para o escore z de IMC &#40;acrescentando o escore z de IMC &#224; an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o&#44; como uma terceira vari&#225;vel&#41;&#44; essas correla&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o foram mantidas&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que as correla&#231;&#245;es iniciais provavelmente dependeram do escore z de IMC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o com o teste Yo&#8208;yo com o perfil metab&#243;lico e ajustado para o escore z de IMC&#44; o HDL foi correlacionado ao teste Yo&#8208;yo &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;41&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; e essa correla&#231;&#227;o continuou&#44; apesar de mais fraca&#44; quando ajustada para o escore z de IMC &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;28&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que a obesidade explica alguma correla&#231;&#227;o entre a dist&#226;ncia corrida no teste Yo&#8208;yo e o HDL&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o &#233; o &#250;nico fator que influencia essa correla&#231;&#227;o&#46; Ao analisar os resultados do teste Yo&#8208;yo e a HOMA&#8208;RI &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;38&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41;&#59; &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;02&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;92&#41; e leptina &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;40&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41;&#59; &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;04&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;82&#41;&#44; houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o inicial&#44; por&#233;m ele n&#227;o foi mantido com o ajuste para o escore z de IMC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que a correla&#231;&#227;o inicial provavelmente dependeu do escore z de IMC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo avaliou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; a atividade f&#237;sica&#44; o perfil metab&#243;lico e a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial em crian&#231;as jovens obesas&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os c&#225;lculos preliminares mostraram que o tamanho desej&#225;vel da amostra teria sido 99 indiv&#237;duos&#44; por&#233;m&#44; devido a diferentes fatores&#44; somente 56 indiv&#237;duos participaram do estudo&#44; que nos deixa com um poder de 55&#37;&#46; Contudo&#44; mesmo com um tamanho da amostra inferior ao ideal&#44; este estudo mostrou diferen&#231;as nos n&#237;veis de aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica entre as crian&#231;as obesas e n&#227;o obesas e que as pessoas jovens obesas t&#234;m uma predisposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL&#44; a HOMA&#8208;RI e a leptina&#44; conhecidos marcadores de doen&#231;a cardiovascular&#44; foram mais elevados no grupo de obesos&#46; Ao mesmo tempo&#44; os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de colesterol HDL e leptina foram menores&#46; Esse perfil metab&#243;lico indica que mesmo nessa faixa et&#225;ria jovem essas crian&#231;as j&#225; tinham maior risco de desenvolver doen&#231;a cardiovascular no futuro&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; considerada essencial para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a cardiovascular e sua detec&#231;&#227;o precoce pode ser importante no desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de interven&#231;&#227;o em crian&#231;as que t&#234;m maior risco de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Em nossos achados&#44; houve altera&#231;&#245;es na fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial em crian&#231;as obesas em compara&#231;&#227;o com os outros grupos&#46; As figuras 1A e B reiteram esses achados&#44; mostram forte correla&#231;&#227;o inversa entre a VMF e a leptina&#44; um marcador de obesidade e a VMF em compara&#231;&#227;o com a gordura corporal&#46; As crian&#231;as jovens com aumento da gordura corporal ou n&#237;veis elevados de leptina &#40;marcador de obesidade&#41; j&#225; t&#234;m fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial prejudicada&#46; Um estudo observacional sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica em crian&#231;as de 5&#8208;10 anos&#44; classificadas como moderadamente ativas&#44; encontrou uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica e a VMF&#44; conclui&#8208;se que seria importante come&#231;ar um programa de atividade f&#237;sica na inf&#226;ncia para influenciar a sa&#250;de arterial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Alguns estudos de interven&#231;&#227;o mostraram a efici&#234;ncia da pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico para melhorar a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o dependente do endot&#233;lio de crian&#231;as e adolescentes obesos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> o que aumenta a disponibilidade de &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O conceito de &#8220;gordo&#44; por&#233;m saud&#225;vel&#8221; diz que&#44; em adultos&#44; a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica pode ser t&#227;o importante quanto a quantidade de massa gorda em termos de risco cardiovascular&#46; A dificuldade de investigar esse conceito em crian&#231;as &#233; que a literatura mostra que as crian&#231;as obesas gastam menos tempo praticando certa atividade f&#237;sica do que as crian&#231;as n&#227;o obesas e&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> como esperado&#44; isso parece afetar sua composi&#231;&#227;o corporal e reduzir sua aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Um estudo com crian&#231;as entre 7&#8208;11 anos constatou que a obesidade afetou a resist&#234;ncia&#44; a velocidade e a agilidade negativamente e eles foram inversamente associados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; parece que o estilo de vida sedent&#225;rio em si aumenta os riscos de desenvolver aterosclerose e outras doen&#231;as prematuramente&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> pois um estudo mostrou que mesmo crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis e com peso normal classificadas como tendo baixa aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria apresentaram pior perfil metab&#243;lico e inflamat&#243;rio do que as com melhor aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de nosso estudo n&#227;o ter mostrado diferen&#231;a na aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou atividade f&#237;sica quando comparado com crian&#231;as com sobrepeso e crian&#231;as eutr&#243;ficas&#44; constatamos uma correla&#231;&#227;o inversa entre a dist&#226;ncia corrida no teste Yo&#8208;yo e o percentual de gordura corporal e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; mais a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica&#44; j&#225; influencia a composi&#231;&#227;o corporal nessa faixa et&#225;ria jovem&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para tentar determinar o que foi mais importante para a sa&#250;de cardiovascular das crian&#231;as&#44; a adiposidade ou o sedentarismo&#44; verificamos correla&#231;&#245;es entre a atividade f&#237;sica ou a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica com os marcadores de DCV&#44; ajustando para o escore z de IMC&#46; Houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o parcial inicial entre a atividade f&#237;sica e o HDL&#44; HOMA&#8208;RI&#44; adiponectina e leptina&#44; por&#233;m essa correla&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi mantida quando ajustada para o escore z de IMC&#44; sugeriu&#8208;se uma prov&#225;vel influ&#234;ncia mais forte da massa corporal sobre essas vari&#225;veis&#46; O mesmo foi observado na aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s vari&#225;veis HOMA&#8208;RI e leptina&#46; Similarmente a nossos achados em um estudo&#44; as crian&#231;as obesas e com peso normal apresentaram aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria inversamente associada &#224; HOMA&#8208;RI&#44; por&#233;m essa correla&#231;&#227;o desapareceu quando ajustada para a idade&#44; sexo e massa gorda&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Contudo&#44; em nosso estudo&#44; a correla&#231;&#227;o com o HDL foi mantida mesmo ap&#243;s ajuste para a massa corporal&#44; sugeriu&#8208;se que a influ&#234;ncia da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica sobre o perfil lip&#237;dico &#233; mais importante do que do sobrepeso&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nosso estudo n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;as nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica entre as crian&#231;as obesas e n&#227;o obesas&#44; apesar de ter mostrado diferen&#231;as na aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46; Este estudo tamb&#233;m mostrou que as crian&#231;as obesas apresentaram maiores n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL e leptina&#44; menor colesterol HDL e adiponectina e j&#225; apresentam sinais de disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; sugeriu&#8208;se fortemente uma predisposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46; Apesar de algumas dessas diferen&#231;as terem sido principalmente relacionadas ao excesso de peso&#44; os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL est&#227;o correlacionados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; independentemente do IMC&#46; N&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o entre esses marcadores e a atividade f&#237;sica habitual&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiamento</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bolsa de estudos da Funda&#231;&#227;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#40;Faperj&#41;&#46; Jociene Terra da Penha foi patrocinada por uma bolsa de estudos do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#40;CNPq&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Obesidade"
            1 => "Disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial"
            2 => "Doen&#231;a cardiovascular"
            3 => "Obesidade"
            4 => "Sobrepeso"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of obesity is increasing&#46; The aim of this study was to investigate if there is endothelial dysfunction in children with normal or excess weight&#44; and whether the metabolic profile&#44; adipokines&#44; and endothelial dysfunction would be more strongly associated with physical fitness or with physical activity levels&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross&#8208;sectional study involving children aged 5&#8211;12 years&#46; The evaluation included venous occlusion plethysmography&#44; serum levels of adiponectin&#44; leptin and insulin&#44; lipid profile&#44; physical activity score &#40;PAQ&#8208;C questionnaire&#41;&#44; and physical fitness evaluation &#40;Yo&#8208;Yo test&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 62 children participated in this study&#46; Based on the body mass index&#44; 27 were eutrophic&#44; 10 overweight and 25 obese&#46; Triglycerides&#44; LDL cholesterol&#44; HOMA&#8208;IR&#44; and leptin were higher in the obese and excess&#8208;weight groups compared to the eutrophic group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels were higher in the eutrophic group compared to the obese and excess&#8208;weight groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Flow&#8208;mediated vasodilation after hyperemia was higher in the eutrophic group in comparison to obese and excess&#8208;weight subjects &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; There was no difference in the physical activity levels among groups measured by PAQ&#8208;C&#46; The Yo&#8208;Yo test was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;41&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and this association remained after adjusting for body mass index <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>&#8208;score &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;28&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study showed that endothelial dysfunction is already present in obese children&#44; suggesting a predisposition to atherosclerotic disease&#46; Moreover&#44; HDL cholesterol levels were correlated with physical fitness&#44; regardless of body mass index&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia da obesidade est&#225; aumentando&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se h&#225; disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial nas crian&#231;as com peso normal ou excesso de peso e se o perfil metab&#243;lico&#44; as adipocinas e a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial seriam mais fortemente associados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou aos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal que envolve crian&#231;as de 5&#8208;12 anos&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o incluiu pletismografia de oclus&#227;o venosa&#44; n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de adiponectina&#44; leptina&#44; insulina e lipidograma&#44; escore de atividade f&#237;sica &#40;question&#225;rio PAQ&#8208;C&#41; e avalia&#231;&#227;o da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica &#40;teste Yo&#8208;yo&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 62 crian&#231;as participou deste estudo&#46; Com base no &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#44; 27 eram eutr&#243;ficos&#44; 10 estavam acima do peso e 25 estavam obesos&#46; Os n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deos&#44; colesterol LDL&#44; HOMA-RI e leptina estavam mais elevados nas crian&#231;as obesas e com excesso de peso que o grupo de eutr&#243;ficos &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL e adiponectina estavam mais elevados no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo de obesos e com excesso de peso &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; A vasodilata&#231;&#227;o mediada pelo fluxo ap&#243;s hiperemia foi maior no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o aos indiv&#237;duos obesos e com excesso de peso &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve nenhuma diferen&#231;a nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica entre os grupos medidos pelo PAQ-C&#46; O teste de ida e volta foi significativamente associado ao colesterol HDL &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;41&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; e essa associa&#231;&#227;o continuou ap&#243;s ajustar o escore z do &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;28&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo mostrou que a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial j&#225; est&#225; presente nas crian&#231;as obesas&#44; sugeriu uma predisposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL foram correlacionados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; independentemente do &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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          3 => array:2 [
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Como citar este artigo&#58; Penha JT&#44; Gazolla FM&#44; Carvalho CN&#44; Madeira IR&#44; Rodrigues&#8208;J&#250;nior F&#44; Machado EA&#44; et al&#46; Physical fitness and activity&#44; metabolic profile&#44; adipokines and endothelial function in children&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;531&#8211;7&#46;</p>"
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    ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a hiperemia reativa p&#243;s&#8208;oclusiva &#40;FBF&#41; e &#40;A&#41; leptina e &#40;B&#41; gordura corporal e correla&#231;&#227;o entre a dist&#226;ncia corrida no teste Yo&#8208;yo e &#40;C&#41; circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal e &#40;D&#41; gordura corporal&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultados expressos como mediana &#40;quartil inferior&#8208;superior&#41;&#46; O grupo acima do peso representa as crian&#231;as com sobrepeso e obesas combinadas&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HDL&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade&#59; IL&#8208;6&#44; interleucina &#8211; 6&#59; IMC&#44; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#59; LDL&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade&#59; PAQ&#8208;C&#44; Question&#225;rio de Atividade F&#237;sica para Crian&#231;as&#59; RCQ&#44; Raz&#227;o Cintura&#47;Quadril&#59; TG&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#59; VMF&#44; Vasodilata&#231;&#227;o Mediada pelo Fluxo&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o entre eutr&#243;pico x obeso</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4656&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;85 &#40;2&#44;46&#8208;3&#44;78&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;58 &#40;1&#44;85&#8208;3&#44;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;3 &#40;37&#44;2&#8208;47&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;39 &#40;3&#44;59&#8208;4&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;5 &#40;3&#44;0&#8208;4&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;1&#8208;4&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;1684&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;75 &#40;3&#44;01&#8208;4&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Teste Yo&#8208;yo &#40;m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">250 &#40;240&#8208;320&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">240 &#40;160&#8208;300&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">160 &#40;100&#8208;220&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a&#44;c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">195 &#40;115&#8208;240&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#44;5 &#40;44&#8208;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85 &#40;60&#8208;109&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;80&#8208;121&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#44;5 &#40;74&#44;5&#8208;114&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88 &#40;76&#8208;107&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94 &#40;84&#8208;140&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102 &#40;92&#8208;113&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102 &#40;87&#8208;114&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#44;5 &#40;47&#8208;61&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;45&#8208;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;37&#8208;51&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;38&#44;5&#8208;50&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HOMA&#8208;RI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;1 &#40;1&#44;0&#8208;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;4 &#40;1&#44;7&#8208;4&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;64 &#40;2&#44;7&#8208;6&#44;8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;2&#8208;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adiponectina &#40;&#956;g&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;3 &#40;11&#44;1&#8208;15&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;57 &#40;7&#44;5&#8208;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;91 &#40;5&#44;5&#8208;11&#44;0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;5&#44;6&#8208;11&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Leptina &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6 &#40;2&#44;9&#8208;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;87 &#40;4&#44;9&#8208;30&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;8 &#40;25&#44;7&#8208;43&#44;4&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a&#44;c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;6 &#40;13&#44;0&#8208;37&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VMF &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL tecido&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;6 &#40;1&#44;9&#8208;3&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;0&#8208;3&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;15 &#40;1&#44;8&#8208;3&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6645&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;15 &#40;1&#44;9&#8208;3&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hiperemia na VMF &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL tecido&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;8 &#40;4&#44;9&#8208;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;92 &#40;4&#44;5&#8208;5&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Physical fitness and activity, metabolic profile, adipokines and endothelial function in children
Aptidão e atividade física, perfil metabólico, adipocinas e função endotelial em crianças
Jociene Terra da Penhaa, Fernanda Mussi Gazollab, Cecília Noronha de Miranda Carvalhoc, Isabel Rey Madeiraa, Flávio Rodrigues‐Júniora, Elisabeth de Amorim Machadoa, Fernando Lencastre Sicurod, Paulo Farinattie, Eliete Bouskelaa, Paulo Ferrez Collett‐Solberga,b,
Autor para correspondência
paulosolberg@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondência.
a Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
b Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
c Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Nutrição, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
d Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular do Centro Biomédico (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
e Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Educação Física e Desporto, Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde (Labsau), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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como hipertens&#227;o&#44; dislipidemia&#44; hiperinsulinemia e intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose culminando em diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> tipo 2 &#40;DM2&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Apesar de a obesidade afetar todas as faixas et&#225;rias&#44; por muitos anos achava&#8208;se que as complica&#231;&#245;es eram encontradas somente em adultos obesos&#46; V&#225;rios estudos demonstraram agora que a obesidade infantil j&#225; apresenta efeitos negativos sobre a sa&#250;de das crian&#231;as&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#233; principalmente diagnosticada em uma idade mais avan&#231;ada&#44; por&#233;m os processos insidiosos da aterosclerose&#44; a base da doen&#231;a cardiovascular&#44; podem come&#231;ar na primeira inf&#226;ncia&#46; A disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; n&#227;o somente a precursora&#44; mas tamb&#233;m pode ser usada como um marcador do processo ateroscler&#243;tico&#44; pois ela prev&#234; mortalidade e morbidez cardiovascular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Isso foi demonstrado em adultos e tamb&#233;m em crian&#231;as e adolescentes obesos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A atividade f&#237;sica &#233; um comportamento definido como qualquer movimento produzido pelos m&#250;sculos esquel&#233;ticos que resulta em um aumento substancial no gasto cal&#243;rico&#44; al&#233;m dos n&#237;veis de repouso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> A adapta&#231;&#227;o corporal &#224; atividade f&#237;sica tem dois componentes principais&#58; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e a pr&#225;tica de fato da atividade f&#237;sica&#46; A pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica com suas vari&#225;veis &#40;regularidade&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade&#41; &#233; o principal determinante da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ser a &#250;nica&#46; A aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica representa a resposta do corpo &#224; atividade f&#237;sica e &#233; influenciada por outras vari&#225;veis&#44; como idade&#44; sexo&#44; sa&#250;de&#44; gen&#233;tica&#44; e fatores ambientais&#44; como dieta&#44; estresse&#44; tabagismo&#44; consumo de &#225;lcool e passado pessoal&#44; o que significa que algu&#233;m que foi muito ativo no passado pode ter uma melhor aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica agora&#44; mesmo se n&#227;o atualmente ativo&#46; Para a maior parte dos indiv&#237;duos&#44; aumentar a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica melhora a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> e os n&#237;veis elevados de ambas est&#227;o relacionados &#224;s menores taxas de morbidez e mortalidade de v&#225;rias causas&#44; inclusive doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se que&#44; em adultos&#44; a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica melhora a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; reduz a mortalidade e morbidez cardiovascular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Nas crian&#231;as&#44; a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica moderada a vigorosa afeta a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Estudos longitudinais demonstraram que&#44; em crian&#231;as obesas&#44; o treinamento f&#237;sico pode melhorar a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial com rela&#231;&#227;o a altera&#231;&#245;es no &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; ou peso corporal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; fundamental entender melhor a fisiologia do aumento do risco cardiovascular que come&#231;a na inf&#226;ncia&#46; Nas crian&#231;as&#44; a pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica &#233; um protetor direto da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; independentemente do peso&#44; ou o mecanismo pelo qual a atividade f&#237;sica protege a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; somente por meio de controle do peso&#63; O fator da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica tamb&#233;m precisa ser levado em considera&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se h&#225; disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial nas crian&#231;as com peso normal ou sobrepeso e se o perfil metab&#243;lico&#44; as adipocinas e a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial seriam mais fortemente associados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou aos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Indiv&#237;duos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo foi transversal e envolveu crian&#231;as entre 5 e 12 anos&#44; pr&#233;&#8208;p&#250;beres ou no in&#237;cio da puberdade &#40;est&#225;gio puberal 2 de Tanner&#41;&#46; Foram recrutadas das cl&#237;nicas pedi&#225;tricas e escolas em geral&#46; Foram classificadas como acima do peso ou obesas com base nos crit&#233;rios da OMS&#46; As crian&#231;as com escore z de IMC entre &#43; 1 e &#43; 2 foram consideradas com sobrepeso e com valores acima de &#43; 2 foram consideradas obesas&#46; Para a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; as crian&#231;as com sobrepeso e obesas integraram um &#250;nico grupo denominado &#8220;acima do peso&#8221;&#46; O escore z foi calculado com o uso da vers&#227;o 1&#46;04 do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> Anthro Plu &#40;OMS&#44; Genebra&#44; Su&#237;&#231;a&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o inclu&#237;ram doen&#231;as que podem interferir na avalia&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o&#44; dos marcadores de inflama&#231;&#227;o ou no teste para avaliar o condicionamento f&#237;sico&#44; como doen&#231;as renais&#44; hematol&#243;gicas&#44; hep&#225;ticas&#44; reumatol&#243;gicas&#44; cardiovasculares&#44; respirat&#243;rias&#44; infecciosas e end&#243;crinas&#46; A exposi&#231;&#227;o recente a traumas ou cirurgias tamb&#233;m excluiria os indiv&#237;duos do estudo&#46; O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica de nossa institui&#231;&#227;o e foi obtido o consentimento informado dos pais&#47;respons&#225;veis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Procedimentos</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as foram avaliadas na Cl&#237;nica de Obesidade Infantil do Servi&#231;o de Endocrinologia Pedi&#225;trica do Hospital Universit&#225;rio&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o incluiu uma avalia&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico&#8208;nutricional&#46; A press&#227;o arterial &#40;Tycos&#44; Welch Allyn Company&#44; Arden&#44; Carolina do Norte&#44; EUA&#41; foi avaliada com a crian&#231;a sentada&#44; seguiu o protocolo&#8208;padr&#227;o&#46; O peso foi verificado com uma balan&#231;a digital &#40;Filizola<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#41; com resolu&#231;&#227;o de 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; A estatura foi medida com um estadi&#244;metro fixado na parede &#40;Tonelli<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Crici&#250;ma&#44; SC&#44; Brasil&#41; com resolu&#231;&#227;o de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Todas as crian&#231;as foram pesadas e medidas com roupas leves e sem sapatos&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura foi medida no ponto m&#233;dio entre a crista il&#237;aca e o arco costal&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia do quadril foi medida na maior parte dos indiv&#237;duos e foi calculada a raz&#227;o cintura&#47;quadril&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia do abd&#244;men foi medida dois dedos abaixo do umbigo&#46; Todas as circunfer&#234;ncias foram medidas com uma fita n&#227;o distens&#237;vel&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas as amostras de sangue foram coletadas de manh&#227;&#44; ap&#243;s jejum de 12 horas&#46; As amostras foram imediatamente centrifugadas&#44; armazenadas e congeladas a &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#176;</span>C para an&#225;lise posterior&#46; A insulina foi medida com o equipamento gamma C12 com uma fase s&#243;lida para radioimunoensaio Coat&#8208;A&#8208;Count<span class="elsevierStyleSup">125</span> 1 &#40;DPC&#44; Los Angeles&#44; CA&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; A leptina e a adiponectina foram medidas por radioimunoensaio no equipamento gamma C12 com kits que usam o m&#233;todo de duplo anticorpo PEG &#40;Linco Reserach&#44; St&#46; Charles&#44; MO&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de glicose no soro&#44; colesterol total &#40;CT&#41;&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade &#40;HDL&#41; e triglicer&#237;deos &#40;TG&#41; foram analisados imediatamente ap&#243;s a coleta&#46; A HOMA&#8208;RI foi calculada com a multiplica&#231;&#227;o do valor da glicemia de jejum &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41; pela insulina de jejum &#40;&#956;IU&#47;mL&#41; e divis&#227;o por 22&#46;5&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em uma visita separada&#44; a pletismografia de oclus&#227;o venosa &#40;VOP&#41; foi feita ap&#243;s jejum de no m&#237;nimo quatro horas e sem a ingest&#227;o de cafe&#237;na e pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos continuaram em uma sala com temperatura controlada &#40;20&#8208;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C na posi&#231;&#227;o supina&#41;&#46; O fluxo sangu&#237;neo do antebra&#231;o &#40;FSA&#41;&#44; em mL&#47;min&#46;&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL de tecido&#44; foi medido com a VOP &#40;Hokanson&#44; EC6&#44; D&#46;E&#46;&#44; Bellevue&#44; WA&#44; EUA&#41; no antebra&#231;o ou perna n&#227;o dominante &#40;com base no tamanho da crian&#231;a&#41;&#44; mantido no n&#237;vel do cora&#231;&#227;o&#44; com um medidor de tens&#227;o de merc&#250;rio &#40;com sensor sil&#225;stico&#41; posicionado no ter&#231;o proximal do membro em sua circunfer&#234;ncia m&#225;xima&#46; Foram feitas as medi&#231;&#245;es do fluxo b&#225;sico e durante a resposta &#224; hiperemia ap&#243;s oclus&#227;o arterial de tr&#234;s minutos no antebra&#231;o&#46; Foi demonstrado que h&#225; um aumento inicial &#40;1&#8208;2 minutos&#41; no volume do antebra&#231;o&#44; com um leve aumento gradual com a continuidade da isquemia&#46; Como este estudo envolvei crian&#231;as jovens&#44; para reduzir o desconforto do exame foi usado um tempo de oclus&#227;o de tr&#234;s minutos&#46; Houve um intervalo de 20 minutos entre a resposta reativa &#224; hiperemia e a segunda medi&#231;&#227;o do fluxo inicial&#46; A m&#233;dia das quatro primeiras medi&#231;&#245;es em cada per&#237;odo de registro foi usada para an&#225;lise&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A absorciometria de dupla energia de raios X &#40;DXA&#41; &#40;GE Healthcare<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; San Francisco&#44; CA&#44; EUA&#41; avaliou a massa corporal total e localizada de gordura e massa magra&#46; A crian&#231;a foi orientada a n&#227;o usar medicamentos e vestir roupas sem acess&#243;rios de metal&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os escores de atividade f&#237;sica foram avaliados pelo Question&#225;rio de Atividade F&#237;sica &#40;PAQ&#8208;C&#41;&#44; que investiga&#44; ao perguntar aos pais e &#224;s crian&#231;as&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia e a intensidade da atividade f&#237;sica praticada nos sete dias anteriores &#40;inclusive o fim de semana&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> O question&#225;rio consiste em nove perguntas sobre a pr&#225;tica de esportes e jogos&#59; atividades f&#237;sicas na escola e de lazer&#44; inclusive fins de semana&#46; As perguntas t&#234;m valores que variam de 1 a 5&#44; os escores finais s&#227;o obtidos pelas respostas m&#233;dias&#44; de muito sedent&#225;rio &#40;1&#41; a muito ativo &#40;5&#41;&#46; Esse question&#225;rio foi traduzido para o portugu&#234;s e validado para a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira e para a faixa et&#225;ria e usado em diferentes estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> As crian&#231;as com escore &#60; 4&#44;0 foram consideradas sedent&#225;rias e as crian&#231;as com escore &#62; 4&#44;0 foram consideradas ativas&#46; O question&#225;rio tamb&#233;m avalia o n&#250;mero de horas gastas diante da televis&#227;o por dia&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica foi feita pelo Teste Yo&#8208;yo de Resist&#234;ncia Intermitente N&#237;vel 1 de Hardens&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> que consiste em duas marcas de 20 metros cada da velocidade progressiva da corrida&#44; intercalada por cinco segundos de recupera&#231;&#227;o ativa&#46; O indiv&#237;duo teve&#44; ao correr&#44; de seguir os avisos sonoros emitidos pelo CD player&#46; O sinal teve como base a velocidade em km&#47;h&#44; come&#231;ou em 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>km&#47;h e aumentou 0&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>km&#47;h a cada minuto&#46; O objetivo foi que o indiv&#237;duo chegasse ao outro canto antes do pr&#243;ximo aviso sonoro&#46; A corrida foi parada quando houve interrup&#231;&#227;o volunt&#225;ria pelo participante por exaust&#227;o ou dois atrasos consecutivos&#46; Todas as crian&#231;as foram orientadas a vestir roupas leves e t&#234;nis durante o teste&#46; Quando os indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o conseguiram correr mais de 240 metros &#40;cinco voltas completas&#41; foram classificados como n&#227;o aptos e quando conseguiram correr mais de 240 metros foram considerados aptos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os c&#225;lculos preliminares mostraram que&#44; para um poder estat&#237;stico de 80&#37;&#44; o tamanho desej&#225;vel da amostra teria sido 99 indiv&#237;duos&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A normalidade dos dados e a homocedasticidade foram testadas pelos testes de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov e Shapiro&#8208;Wilk&#46; Foram encontrados alguns pequenos problemas de distribui&#231;&#227;o&#59; portanto&#44; os dados foram analisados em uma abordagem n&#227;o param&#233;trica&#46; As diferen&#231;as nos par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos e fisiol&#243;gicos entre os tr&#234;s grupos foram testados por meio de uma Anova n&#227;o param&#233;trica de Kruskal&#8208;Wallis&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> de Dunn foi usado para identificar diferen&#231;as espec&#237;ficas entre os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As compara&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos eutr&#243;fico e acima do peso &#40;grupos sobrepeso &#43; obesos&#41; foram feitas por meio do teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney&#46; As correla&#231;&#245;es entre as vari&#225;veis entre os grupos foram obtidas por meio do R&#243; de Spearman&#44; bem como as an&#225;lises de correla&#231;&#227;o parcial&#46; As estat&#237;sticas descritivas e comparativas foram feitas com a vers&#227;o 8 do Statistica &#40;StatSoft Inc&#46;&#44; Tulsa&#44; OK&#44; EUA&#41; e os testes de correla&#231;&#227;o foram feitos com a vers&#227;o 3&#46;0&#46;2 do pacote PPCOR do R Linguagem e Ambiente para Computa&#231;&#227;o Estat&#237;stica &#40;R Foundation for Statistical Computing&#44; Viena&#44; &#193;ustria&#41;&#46; O n&#237;vel de relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi estabelecido em alfa 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participaram deste estudo 62 crian&#231;as&#44; 31 meninos&#46; Com base no IMC&#44; 27 eram eutr&#243;ficos&#44; dez estavam acima do peso e 25 estavam obesos&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conforme esperado&#44; as vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas &#40;escore z de IMC&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; raz&#227;o cintura&#47;quadril e gordura corporal&#41;&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; colesterol LDL&#44; HOMA&#8208;RI e leptina foram significativamente maiores no grupo de crian&#231;as obesas e acima do peso &#40;individualmente ou agrupados como o grupo acima do peso&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de eutr&#243;ficos &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL e adiponectina estavam mais elevados no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de obesos e com excesso de peso &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o mediada pelo fluxo &#40;VMF&#41; ap&#243;s hiperemia foi maior no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o com os indiv&#237;duos obesos e com excesso de peso&#44; demonstrou uma fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial prejudicada nestes &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; As altera&#231;&#245;es na VMF ap&#243;s hiperemia foram fortemente correlacionadas negativamente &#224; leptina &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;56&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;0001&#41; e ao percentual de gordura corporal &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;49&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;0001&#41; conforme mostrado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>A e B&#44; respectivamente&#44; demonstraram que quanto maior os n&#237;veis de leptina ou gordura corporal&#44; menor a resposta endotelial &#224; hiperemia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica entre os grupos medidos pelo PAQ&#8208;C&#46; Trinta crian&#231;as foram classificadas como ativas &#40;oito eram obesas&#41; e 30 como sedent&#225;rias&#46; Duas crian&#231;as n&#227;o responderam o question&#225;rio PAQ&#8208;C&#46; Com base no teste Yo&#8208;yo&#44; 32 crian&#231;as foram consideradas fisicamente aptas &#40;seis obesas&#41; e 28 n&#227;o aptas&#46; Duas crian&#231;as n&#227;o conclu&#237;ram o teste Yo&#8208;yo&#46; N&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre o PAQ&#8208;C ou o teste Yo&#8208;yo e hiperemia reativa na VMF&#46; Houve uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre o teste Yo&#8208;yo e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;50&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;0001&#41; e o percentual de gordura corporal &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;57&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>C e D respectivamente&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como uma das perguntas foi tentar diferenciar entre a influ&#234;ncia do peso corporal e da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica&#44; foi feita uma an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o de tr&#234;s formas&#46; Primeiro&#44; investigamos se houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre o perfil metab&#243;lico ou os marcadores de inflama&#231;&#227;o e a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica&#46; Ap&#243;s isso&#44; fizemos o ajuste para o escore z de IMC para ver se a correla&#231;&#227;o persistiu&#46; A HOMA&#8208;RI e a leptina foram inversamente correlacionadas ao escore z do PAQ&#8208;C&#44; ao passo que a adiponectina foi positivamente correlacionada&#46; Ap&#243;s os ajustes para o escore z de IMC &#40;acrescentando o escore z de IMC &#224; an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o&#44; como uma terceira vari&#225;vel&#41;&#44; essas correla&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o foram mantidas&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que as correla&#231;&#245;es iniciais provavelmente dependeram do escore z de IMC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o com o teste Yo&#8208;yo com o perfil metab&#243;lico e ajustado para o escore z de IMC&#44; o HDL foi correlacionado ao teste Yo&#8208;yo &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;41&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; e essa correla&#231;&#227;o continuou&#44; apesar de mais fraca&#44; quando ajustada para o escore z de IMC &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;28&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que a obesidade explica alguma correla&#231;&#227;o entre a dist&#226;ncia corrida no teste Yo&#8208;yo e o HDL&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o &#233; o &#250;nico fator que influencia essa correla&#231;&#227;o&#46; Ao analisar os resultados do teste Yo&#8208;yo e a HOMA&#8208;RI &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;38&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41;&#59; &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;02&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;92&#41; e leptina &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;40&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41;&#59; &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;04&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;82&#41;&#44; houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o inicial&#44; por&#233;m ele n&#227;o foi mantido com o ajuste para o escore z de IMC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que a correla&#231;&#227;o inicial provavelmente dependeu do escore z de IMC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo avaliou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; a atividade f&#237;sica&#44; o perfil metab&#243;lico e a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial em crian&#231;as jovens obesas&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os c&#225;lculos preliminares mostraram que o tamanho desej&#225;vel da amostra teria sido 99 indiv&#237;duos&#44; por&#233;m&#44; devido a diferentes fatores&#44; somente 56 indiv&#237;duos participaram do estudo&#44; que nos deixa com um poder de 55&#37;&#46; Contudo&#44; mesmo com um tamanho da amostra inferior ao ideal&#44; este estudo mostrou diferen&#231;as nos n&#237;veis de aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica entre as crian&#231;as obesas e n&#227;o obesas e que as pessoas jovens obesas t&#234;m uma predisposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL&#44; a HOMA&#8208;RI e a leptina&#44; conhecidos marcadores de doen&#231;a cardiovascular&#44; foram mais elevados no grupo de obesos&#46; Ao mesmo tempo&#44; os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de colesterol HDL e leptina foram menores&#46; Esse perfil metab&#243;lico indica que mesmo nessa faixa et&#225;ria jovem essas crian&#231;as j&#225; tinham maior risco de desenvolver doen&#231;a cardiovascular no futuro&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; considerada essencial para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a cardiovascular e sua detec&#231;&#227;o precoce pode ser importante no desenvolvimento de estrat&#233;gias de interven&#231;&#227;o em crian&#231;as que t&#234;m maior risco de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Em nossos achados&#44; houve altera&#231;&#245;es na fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial em crian&#231;as obesas em compara&#231;&#227;o com os outros grupos&#46; As figuras 1A e B reiteram esses achados&#44; mostram forte correla&#231;&#227;o inversa entre a VMF e a leptina&#44; um marcador de obesidade e a VMF em compara&#231;&#227;o com a gordura corporal&#46; As crian&#231;as jovens com aumento da gordura corporal ou n&#237;veis elevados de leptina &#40;marcador de obesidade&#41; j&#225; t&#234;m fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial prejudicada&#46; Um estudo observacional sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica em crian&#231;as de 5&#8208;10 anos&#44; classificadas como moderadamente ativas&#44; encontrou uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica e a VMF&#44; conclui&#8208;se que seria importante come&#231;ar um programa de atividade f&#237;sica na inf&#226;ncia para influenciar a sa&#250;de arterial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Alguns estudos de interven&#231;&#227;o mostraram a efici&#234;ncia da pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico para melhorar a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o dependente do endot&#233;lio de crian&#231;as e adolescentes obesos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> o que aumenta a disponibilidade de &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O conceito de &#8220;gordo&#44; por&#233;m saud&#225;vel&#8221; diz que&#44; em adultos&#44; a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica pode ser t&#227;o importante quanto a quantidade de massa gorda em termos de risco cardiovascular&#46; A dificuldade de investigar esse conceito em crian&#231;as &#233; que a literatura mostra que as crian&#231;as obesas gastam menos tempo praticando certa atividade f&#237;sica do que as crian&#231;as n&#227;o obesas e&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> como esperado&#44; isso parece afetar sua composi&#231;&#227;o corporal e reduzir sua aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Um estudo com crian&#231;as entre 7&#8208;11 anos constatou que a obesidade afetou a resist&#234;ncia&#44; a velocidade e a agilidade negativamente e eles foram inversamente associados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; parece que o estilo de vida sedent&#225;rio em si aumenta os riscos de desenvolver aterosclerose e outras doen&#231;as prematuramente&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> pois um estudo mostrou que mesmo crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis e com peso normal classificadas como tendo baixa aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria apresentaram pior perfil metab&#243;lico e inflamat&#243;rio do que as com melhor aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de nosso estudo n&#227;o ter mostrado diferen&#231;a na aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou atividade f&#237;sica quando comparado com crian&#231;as com sobrepeso e crian&#231;as eutr&#243;ficas&#44; constatamos uma correla&#231;&#227;o inversa entre a dist&#226;ncia corrida no teste Yo&#8208;yo e o percentual de gordura corporal e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; demonstrou&#8208;se que a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; mais a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica&#44; j&#225; influencia a composi&#231;&#227;o corporal nessa faixa et&#225;ria jovem&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para tentar determinar o que foi mais importante para a sa&#250;de cardiovascular das crian&#231;as&#44; a adiposidade ou o sedentarismo&#44; verificamos correla&#231;&#245;es entre a atividade f&#237;sica ou a aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica com os marcadores de DCV&#44; ajustando para o escore z de IMC&#46; Houve uma correla&#231;&#227;o parcial inicial entre a atividade f&#237;sica e o HDL&#44; HOMA&#8208;RI&#44; adiponectina e leptina&#44; por&#233;m essa correla&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi mantida quando ajustada para o escore z de IMC&#44; sugeriu&#8208;se uma prov&#225;vel influ&#234;ncia mais forte da massa corporal sobre essas vari&#225;veis&#46; O mesmo foi observado na aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s vari&#225;veis HOMA&#8208;RI e leptina&#46; Similarmente a nossos achados em um estudo&#44; as crian&#231;as obesas e com peso normal apresentaram aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria inversamente associada &#224; HOMA&#8208;RI&#44; por&#233;m essa correla&#231;&#227;o desapareceu quando ajustada para a idade&#44; sexo e massa gorda&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Contudo&#44; em nosso estudo&#44; a correla&#231;&#227;o com o HDL foi mantida mesmo ap&#243;s ajuste para a massa corporal&#44; sugeriu&#8208;se que a influ&#234;ncia da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica sobre o perfil lip&#237;dico &#233; mais importante do que do sobrepeso&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nosso estudo n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;as nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica entre as crian&#231;as obesas e n&#227;o obesas&#44; apesar de ter mostrado diferen&#231;as na aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#46; Este estudo tamb&#233;m mostrou que as crian&#231;as obesas apresentaram maiores n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL e leptina&#44; menor colesterol HDL e adiponectina e j&#225; apresentam sinais de disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial&#44; sugeriu&#8208;se fortemente uma predisposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46; Apesar de algumas dessas diferen&#231;as terem sido principalmente relacionadas ao excesso de peso&#44; os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL est&#227;o correlacionados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; independentemente do IMC&#46; N&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o entre esses marcadores e a atividade f&#237;sica habitual&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiamento</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bolsa de estudos da Funda&#231;&#227;o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#40;Faperj&#41;&#46; Jociene Terra da Penha foi patrocinada por uma bolsa de estudos do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#40;CNPq&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2018-02-08"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-04-25"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Obesity"
            1 => "Endothelial dysfunction"
            2 => "Cardiovascular disease"
            3 => "Obesity"
            4 => "Overweight"
            5 => "Pediatrics"
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            0 => "Obesidade"
            1 => "Disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial"
            2 => "Doen&#231;a cardiovascular"
            3 => "Obesidade"
            4 => "Sobrepeso"
            5 => "Pediatria"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of obesity is increasing&#46; The aim of this study was to investigate if there is endothelial dysfunction in children with normal or excess weight&#44; and whether the metabolic profile&#44; adipokines&#44; and endothelial dysfunction would be more strongly associated with physical fitness or with physical activity levels&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross&#8208;sectional study involving children aged 5&#8211;12 years&#46; The evaluation included venous occlusion plethysmography&#44; serum levels of adiponectin&#44; leptin and insulin&#44; lipid profile&#44; physical activity score &#40;PAQ&#8208;C questionnaire&#41;&#44; and physical fitness evaluation &#40;Yo&#8208;Yo test&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 62 children participated in this study&#46; Based on the body mass index&#44; 27 were eutrophic&#44; 10 overweight and 25 obese&#46; Triglycerides&#44; LDL cholesterol&#44; HOMA&#8208;IR&#44; and leptin were higher in the obese and excess&#8208;weight groups compared to the eutrophic group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels were higher in the eutrophic group compared to the obese and excess&#8208;weight groups &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Flow&#8208;mediated vasodilation after hyperemia was higher in the eutrophic group in comparison to obese and excess&#8208;weight subjects &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; There was no difference in the physical activity levels among groups measured by PAQ&#8208;C&#46; The Yo&#8208;Yo test was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;41&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and this association remained after adjusting for body mass index <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>&#8208;score &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;28&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study showed that endothelial dysfunction is already present in obese children&#44; suggesting a predisposition to atherosclerotic disease&#46; Moreover&#44; HDL cholesterol levels were correlated with physical fitness&#44; regardless of body mass index&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "titulo" => "Objectives"
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            "titulo" => "Method"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia da obesidade est&#225; aumentando&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se h&#225; disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial nas crian&#231;as com peso normal ou excesso de peso e se o perfil metab&#243;lico&#44; as adipocinas e a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial seriam mais fortemente associados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou aos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal que envolve crian&#231;as de 5&#8208;12 anos&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o incluiu pletismografia de oclus&#227;o venosa&#44; n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de adiponectina&#44; leptina&#44; insulina e lipidograma&#44; escore de atividade f&#237;sica &#40;question&#225;rio PAQ&#8208;C&#41; e avalia&#231;&#227;o da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica &#40;teste Yo&#8208;yo&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 62 crian&#231;as participou deste estudo&#46; Com base no &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#44; 27 eram eutr&#243;ficos&#44; 10 estavam acima do peso e 25 estavam obesos&#46; Os n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deos&#44; colesterol LDL&#44; HOMA-RI e leptina estavam mais elevados nas crian&#231;as obesas e com excesso de peso que o grupo de eutr&#243;ficos &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL e adiponectina estavam mais elevados no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo de obesos e com excesso de peso &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; A vasodilata&#231;&#227;o mediada pelo fluxo ap&#243;s hiperemia foi maior no grupo de eutr&#243;ficos em compara&#231;&#227;o aos indiv&#237;duos obesos e com excesso de peso &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve nenhuma diferen&#231;a nos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica entre os grupos medidos pelo PAQ-C&#46; O teste de ida e volta foi significativamente associado ao colesterol HDL &#40;r&#243; &#61; &#8722;0&#44;41&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;01&#41; e essa associa&#231;&#227;o continuou ap&#243;s ajustar o escore z do &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;r&#243; &#61; 0&#44;28&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo mostrou que a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial j&#225; est&#225; presente nas crian&#231;as obesas&#44; sugeriu uma predisposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os n&#237;veis de colesterol HDL foram correlacionados &#224; aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica&#44; independentemente do &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">82 &#40;72&#8208;89&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hiperemia na VMF&#40;mL&#47;min&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL tecido&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2139626.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre o PAQ&#8208;C&#44; o teste Yo&#8208;yo e o perfil metab&#243;lico&#44; as adipocinas e a hiperemia na VMF&#46; Corre&#231;&#227;o parcial com escore z do PAQ&#8208;C Ajuste para o escore z de IMC Correla&#231;&#227;o parcial com Teste Yo&#8208;yo</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Childhood obesity&#58; causes and consequences"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Sahoo"
                            1 => "B&#46; Sahoo"
                            2 => "A&#46;K&#46; Choudhury"
                            3 => "N&#46;Y&#46; Sofi"
                            4 => "R&#46; Kumar"
                            5 => "A&#46;S&#46; Bhadoria"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/2249-4863.154628"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Family Med Prim Care"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "187"
                        "paginaFinal" => "192"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25949965"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Systematic review of sedentary behavior and health indicators in school&#8208;aged children and youth"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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