Associação entre déficit de peso e apinhamento na dentição decídua

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the relationship between low anthropometric indices and dental crowding in deciduous teething.

Methods

We assessed 794 children from 3 to 5 years old, both boys and girls, enrolled in public preschools in the city of São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil. Single-stage cluster sampling was used. This is a cross-sectional study, including the administration of a questionnaire, evaluation of dental occlusion and anthropometric assessment. Dental crowding, which is characterized by lack of space for the eruption of teeth in the line of the alveolar crest, is the dependent variable. Weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) indices were used for anthropometric assessments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the variables were used. Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

Single-stage cluster sampling was used. This is a cross-sectional study, including the administration of a questionnaire, evaluation of dental occlusion and anthropometric assessment. Dental crowding, which is characterized by lack of space for the eruption of teeth in the line of the alveolar crest, is the dependent variable. Weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) indices were used for anthropometric assessments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the variables were used. Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

This is a cross-sectional study, including the administration of a questionnaire, evaluation of dental occlusion and anthropometric assessment. Dental crowding, which is characterized by lack of space for the eruption of teeth in the line of the alveolar crest, is the dependent variable. Weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) indices were used for anthropometric assessments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the variables were used. Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

Dental crowding, which is characterized by lack of space for the eruption of teeth in the line of the alveolar crest, is the dependent variable. Weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) indices were used for anthropometric assessments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the variables were used. Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

Weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) indices were used for anthropometric assessments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the variables were used. Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

Multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the variables were used. Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

Associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%).

Results

The association between low anthropometric measures and dental crowding was statistically significant only when considering the weight-for-age index and among those children who did not use pacifiers. We found 2.19 children with dental crowding and malnutrition for each children without dental crowding and with malnutrition (OR = 2.19; 95%CI 1.19-4.04).

Conclusion

This study suggests that low anthropometric measures are associated with dental crowding in deciduous teething among children who do not use pacifiers. However, further studies are needed to investigate possible causal relations between malnutrition and dental crowding.

Resumen

Objetivo

Investigar a relação entre o déficit antropométrico infantil e apinhamento dentário na dentição decídua.

Métodos

Foram avaliadas 794 crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas em pré-escolas públicas da cidade de São Luís (MA). Realizou-se amostragem probabilística por conglomerado em único estágio. Desenvolveu-se estudo transversal com aplicação de questionário, exame de oclusão dentária e avaliação antropométrica na população do estudo. O apinhamento dentário, caracterizado pela deficiência de espaço para a erupção dos dentes na linha do rebordo alveolar, constituiu a variável dependente. Para as avaliações antropométricas, empregaram-se os indicadores peso/idade (P/I) e altura/idade (A/I). Efetuou-se análise de regressão logística multivariada, bem como análise descritiva das variáveis do estudo. As associações foram estimadas por meio da razão de chances (odds ratio, OR) e a inferência estatística foi baseada em intervalos de confiança (IC95%), considerando-se erro tipo I de 5% (alfa = 5%).

Resultados

A associação entre déficit antropométrico e apinhamento dentário mostrou-se estatisticamente significante apenas ao se considerar o indicador P/I e no estrato das crianças que não tinham o hábito de chupar chupeta, havendo 2,19 crianças com apinhamento e desnutridas para cada criança sem apinhamento e desnutrida (OR = 2,19; IC95% 1,18-4,04).

Conclusão

Este estudo sugere que o déficit antropométrico esteja associado ao apinhamento na dentição decídua entre crianças que não usam chupeta. No entanto, outros estudos são necessários para investigar possíveis relações de causalidade entre desnutrição e apinhamento dentário.