Rotavirus epidemiology before and after vaccine introduction

Assis, Andrêssa S.F.; Valle, Daniel A.; Antunes, Gustavo R.; Tibiriça, Sandra H.C.; Assis, Rosane Maria S. de; Leite, José Paulo G.; de Carvalho, Iná P.; Silva, Maria Luzia da Rosa e

doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.02.005

Article information

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence and circulation of rotavirus genotypes before and after the introduction of oral vaccine against human rotavirus (OVHR), and to check for a possible change in the age of occurence of the infection by RV-A.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2002-2011, in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 1,144 diarrheal stool specimens were obtained from nonhospitalized children aged between 0 and 5 years, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for genotype characterization. Data on prevalence and age distribution of rotavirus cases were analyzed through the chi-squared test (p < 0.05), using SPSS, release 13.0.

Results

Rotavirus infection was detected in 9.35% (107/1,144) samples, with prevalence rates ranging from 11.12% (90/809) in the pre-vaccine to 5.07% (17/335) in the post- vaccine period (p = 0.001). Among the samples tested, the most frequently detected genotypes were G1P[6] (6/33 = 18.2%) in the period between 2002 and 2005 and G2P[4] in 2006 (11/33 = 33.3%) and in the period between 2007 and 2011 (5/33 = 15.2%). There was also a significant reduction in the number of cases of rotavirus disease in children aged between 0 and 36 months after the vaccine introduction.

Conclusions

The study evidenced a significant decrease in the prevalence of rotavirus, mainly in children aged between 0 and 36 months in the 2007-2011 period, as well as a reduction in G1 genotype circulation.

Keywords:

Rotavirus

Epidemiology

Rotavirus vaccines

Genotypes

Resumo

Objetivos

Avaliar a prevalência e a circulação dos genótipos de rotavírus, antes e após a introdução da vacina oral contra rotavírus humano, bem como verificar uma possível mudança na faixa etária de ocorrência da infecção pelo RV-A.

Métodos

Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no período de 2002 a 2011, em Juiz de Fora, MG. Foram avaliados 1.144 espécimes fecais diarreicos, obtidos de crianças de 0 a cinco anos não hospitalizadas, que foram analisadas por PAGE e RT-PCR. Os dados relativos à prevalência e distribuição etária dos casos de rotavirose foram analisados pelo teste c2 (p < 0,05), utilizando-se o programa SPSS, versão 13.0.

Resultados

Infecções por rotavírus foram detectadas em 9,35% (107/1.144) das amos- tras, com prevalências variando de 11,12% (90/809) no período pré-vacinal a 5,07% (17/335) no pós-vacinal (p = 0,001). Dentre as amostras caracterizadas, os genótipos mais frequentemente detectados foram G1P[6] (6/33 = 18,2%) no período 2002-2005 e G2P[4] no ano de 2006 (11/33 = 33,3%) e no período 2007-2011 (5/33 = 15,2%). Observou-

-se, ainda, uma redução significativa no número de casos de rotavirose em crianças de 0 a 36 meses, após a introdução da vacina.

Conclusões

O estudo revelou queda significativa na prevalência de rotavírus, principal- mente na faixa etária de 0 a 36 meses, no período 2007-2011, bem como redução na circulação do genótipo G1.

Palavras-chave:

Rotavírus

Epidemiologia

Vacinas contra rotavírus

Genótipos

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☆

Como citar este artigo: Assis AS, Valle DA, Antunes GR, Tibiriça SH, Assis RM, Leite JP, et al. Rotavirus epidemiology before and after vaccine introduction. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013;89:470–6.

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