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Vol. 90. Issue 2.
Pages 190-196 (March - April 2014)
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Vol. 90. Issue 2.
Pages 190-196 (March - April 2014)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL
Open Access
Prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in the first year of life
Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à sibilância no primeiro ano de vida
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4482
Olivia A.A. Costa Bessaa,
Corresponding author
, Álvaro J. Madeiro Leiteb, Dirceu Soléc, Javier Mallold
a Medicina, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
b Departamento Materno-Infantil, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
c Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
d Departamento de Medicina Respiratória Pediátrica, Hospital El Pino, Universidade do Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Article information
Abstract
Objective

to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in infants in the first year of life.

Methods

this was a cross-sectional study, in which a validated questionnaire (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes - International Study of Wheezing in Infants - EISL) was applied to parents of infants aged between 12 and 15 months treated in 26 of 85 primary health care units in the period between 2006 and 2007. The dependent variable, wheezing, was defined using the following standards: occasional (up to two episodes of wheezing) and recurrent (three or more episodes of wheezing). The independent variables were shown using frequency distribution to compare the groups. Measures of association were based on odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI), using bivariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis (adjusted OR [aOR]).

Results

a total of 1,029 (37.7%) infants had wheezing episodes in the first 12 months of life; of these, 16.2% had recurrent wheezing. Risk factors for wheezing were family history of asthma (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.76-2.54) and six or more episodes of colds (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.91-2.97) and pneumonia (OR = 3.02; 95% CI: 2.43-3.76). For recurrent wheezing, risk factors were: familial asthma (aOR = 1.73; 95%: CI 1.22-2.46); early onset wheezing (aOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.75-3.75);nocturnal symptoms (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.75-3.75), and more than six colds (aOR = 2.07; 95%CI 1.43- .00).

Conclusion

the main risk factors associated with wheezing in Fortaleza were respiratory infections and family history of asthma. Knowing the risk factors for this disease should be a priority for public health, in order to develop control and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Prevalence
Risk factors
Cross-sectional studies
Infant
Resumo
Objetivo

verificar a prevalência e fatores de risco associados à sibilância em lactentes no primeiro ano de vida.

Métodos

estudo transversal, onde foi aplicado o questionário padronizado e validado (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes-EISL) aos pais de lactentes com idade entre 12 e 15 meses que procuraram 26 das 85 unidades de atenção básica, no período 2006 a 2007. A variável dependente, sibilância, foi definida utilizando os seguintes padrões: ocasional (até dois episódios de sibilância) e recorrente (três ou mais episódios). As variáveis independen- tes foram apresentadas usando distribuição de frequências, utilizadas para comparar os grupos. As medidas de associações foram baseadas em razão de chances (odds ratio-OR), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), com análise bivariada, seguida de análise mul- tivariada (OR ajustada).

Resultados

um total de 1.029 (37,7%) lactentes apresentou sibilância nos primeiros 12 meses de vida e destes, 16,2% tiveram sibilância recorrente. Os principais fatores de risco associados à sibilância foram: história familiar de asma (ORa = 2,12; IC95%: 1,76-2,54); seis ou mais episódios de resfriado (ORa = 2,38; IC95%: 1,91-2,97) e pneumonia (ORa = 3,02; IC95%: 2,43-3,76) e sibilância recorrente foram: asma na família (ORa = 1,73; IC95%: 1,22- 2,46); início precoce de sibilância (ORa = 1,83; IC95%: 1,75-3,75); sintomas noturnos (ORa = 2,56; IC95%: 1,75-3,75); mais de 6 resfriados (ORa = 1,83; IC95%: 1,75-3,75)

Conclusão

os principais fatores de risco associados à sibilância foram as infecções respira- tórias e história de asma na família. Conhecer os fatores de risco dessa enfermidade deve ser uma prioridade para a saúde pública, que poderá desenvolver estratégias de controle e tratamento.

Palavras-chave:
Prevalência
Fatores de risco
Estudos transversais
Lactente
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Como citar este artigo: Bessa OA, Leite AJ, Solé D, Mallol J. Prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in the first year of life. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:190-6.

Copyright © 2013. Brasileira de Pediatria
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