was read the article
array:25 [ "pii" => "S002175571831180X" "issn" => "00217557" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.12.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "757" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:4-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1191 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 60 "HTML" => 948 "PDF" => 183 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2255553619300795" "issn" => "22555536" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.04.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "757" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:4-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 417 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 33 "HTML" => 212 "PDF" => 172 ] ] "pt" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Sex and age disparities in physical activity among Brazilian adolescents: nature or nurture?" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "7" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Desigualdades de sexo e idade na atividade física entre adolescentes brasileiros: natureza ou educação?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Deborah Salvo, Nicolas Aguilar‐Farias, Alejandra Jauregui, Andrea Ramirez Varela" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Deborah" "apellidos" => "Salvo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nicolas" "apellidos" => "Aguilar‐Farias" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandra" "apellidos" => "Jauregui" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andrea Ramirez" "apellidos" => "Varela" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S002175571831180X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.12.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S002175571831180X?idApp=UINPBA000049" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2255553619300795?idApp=UINPBA000049" "url" => "/22555536/0000009600000001/v1_202001250716/S2255553619300795/v1_202001250716/pt/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0021755718311756" "issn" => "00217557" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2019.03.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "789" "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:8-19" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 279 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 41 "HTML" => 136 "PDF" => 102 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review article</span>" "titulo" => "Symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "8" "paginaFinal" => "19" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação: uma revisão sistemática" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2686 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 323162 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flowchart showing the steps in the systematic review.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Tatiane Targino Gomes Draghi, Jorge Lopes Cavalcante Neto, Liz Araújo Rohr, Lemke Dorothee Jelsma, Eloisa Tudella" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tatiane Targino Gomes" "apellidos" => "Draghi" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jorge Lopes" "apellidos" => "Cavalcante Neto" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Liz Araújo" "apellidos" => "Rohr" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lemke Dorothee" "apellidos" => "Jelsma" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eloisa" "apellidos" => "Tudella" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2255553619300989" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.05.017" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2255553619300989?idApp=UINPBA000049" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755718311756?idApp=UINPBA000049" "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000001/v1_202001240658/S0021755718311756/v1_202001240658/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0021755719302141" "issn" => "00217557" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2019.04.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "787" "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:1-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 349 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 48 "HTML" => 181 "PDF" => 120 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Predicting and managing the development of subglottic stenosis following intubation in children" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "3" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Previsão e manejo do desenvolvimento da estenose subglótica após a intubação em crianças" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Michael Rutter, I-Chun Kuo" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Michael" "apellidos" => "Rutter" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I-Chun" "apellidos" => "Kuo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2255553619300904" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.05.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2255553619300904?idApp=UINPBA000049" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755719302141?idApp=UINPBA000049" "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000001/v1_202001240658/S0021755719302141/v1_202001240658/en/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0021755718303425" "issn" => "00217557" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jped.2018.08.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-01-01" "aid" => "719" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:46-52" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 358 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 52 "HTML" => 148 "PDF" => 158 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Is the association between sociodemographic variables and physical activity levels in adolescents mediated by social support and self-efficacy?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "46" "paginaFinal" => "52" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "A associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e níveis de atividade física em adolescentes é mediada por apoio social e autoeficácia?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Luanna A. Cheng, Gerfeson Mendonça, Joana M.S. Lucena, Cassiano R. Rech, José C. Farias" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luanna A." "apellidos" => "Cheng" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gerfeson" "apellidos" => "Mendonça" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joana M.S." "apellidos" => "Lucena" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cassiano R." "apellidos" => "Rech" ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "José C." "apellidos" => "Farias" "sufijo" => "Júnior" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2255553618302131" "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.07.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2255553618302131?idApp=UINPBA000049" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0021755718303425?idApp=UINPBA000049" "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000001/v1_202001240658/S0021755718303425/v1_202001240658/en/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Sex and age disparities in physical activity among Brazilian adolescents: nature or nurture?" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "7" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Deborah Salvo, Nicolas Aguilar-Farias, Alejandra Jauregui, Andrea Ramirez Varela" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Deborah" "apellidos" => "Salvo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dsalvo@wustl.edu" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nicolas" "apellidos" => "Aguilar-Farias" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alejandra" "apellidos" => "Jauregui" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andrea" "apellidos" => "Ramirez Varela" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, Prevention Research Center in St. Louis & Center for Diabetes Translation Research, St. Louis, United States" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Cuernavaca, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad de la Frontera, Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Temuco, Chile" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Pelotas, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Desigualdades de sexo e idade na atividade física entre adolescentes brasileiros: natureza ou educação?" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many have deemed physical activity as a best buy for public health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Regular practice of physical activity provides a myriad of health benefits for people of all ages, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, several cancers, falls, dementia, and obesity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Recently published data show that 39% of adults and 85% of adolescents in Latin America are physically inactive.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> In Brazil, 47% of adults and 81% of adolescents (78% for boys and 84% for girls) do not meet the minimum recommended levels of physical activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is a well-documented decline in physical activity levels when transitioning from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> Adolescence represents a time in life where personality traits, values and beliefs, and health-related habits start to become defined. As such, it is a critical period to reinforce the adoption of active lifestyles, which can be carried on through adulthood.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the key known determinants of physical activity participation levels (at all life stages) are two biological factors: sex and age. In the article “Is the association between sociodemographic variables and physical activity levels in adolescents mediated by social support and self-efficacy?”, published in this issue,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Cheng et al. take an interesting and much needed next step towards advancing our knowledge regarding the potential causal pathways through which sex and age influence physical activity levels among youth. Females are less active than males.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This is a well-known fact, and is true across settings (including Latin American countries<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>), socioeconomic strata, and age-groups. But why is this the case? Some have hypothesized potential biological mechanisms to explain these differences. For instance, women have less muscle mass and anaerobic power than men, and tend to mature earlier.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> It has also been suggested that men may be evolutionary “wired” to enjoy sports more than women, and to engage in more movement overall (our male human ancestors were hunters, providers, and protectors, while females were gatherers and home keepers; two roles with substantial differences in energy expenditure).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> However, others have pointed out the influence that psychological and social factors around gender may have on this relation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Similarly, those older in age are less active than their younger counterparts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,9,14</span></a> This is not only true when contrasting older adults to younger age-groups. A 16-year-old adolescent is likely to be less active than a 15-year-old one, despite the fact that our bodies reach their full maturation potential at around age 22 (years). Thus, the question of whether the declines in physical activity are purely driven by biology is quite intriguing. Do we become less active as we age because of expected age-related functional decline, or do psychosocial factors come into play to reinforce less movement as we age?</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cheng et al. addressed the potential roles of two important psychosocial constructs (self-efficacy and social support) on the known effects of sex and age on physical activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> They did so through a well-conducted study, which had among its strengths a robust representative sample of over 2500 Northern Brazilian adolescents, the use of culturally appropriate and validated measures, and a sophisticated analysis to test the hypothesized mediator (intermediary variable) role of the two psychosocial variables of interest. This is among the first studies in Brazil and the entire Latin American region that goes beyond identifying correlates of physical activity, by attempting to better define specific pathways of action. It is, in essence, a mechanistic study. Another critical strength of their study is that it is grounded in strong behavioural theory – something often lacking in correlate and determinant studies in Latin America, since the field of behavioural science within public health remains nascent in the region.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The two studied psychosocial constructs by Cheng et al. are not trivial. While self-efficacy and social support can collectively be grouped under the umbrella term of “psychosocial variables”, they represent two very distinctly hypothesized causal pathways. Self-efficacy addresses the role of the individual as a self-driver of behaviour. In fact, some evidence supports that self-efficacy is mainly determined by genetics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In turn, social support addresses the role of the social environment in influencing the behaviour of the individual. Hence, these two psychosocial variables represent opposite ends of the individual-environment spectrum. Cheng et al. explored the roles of nature (self-efficacy) and of nurture (social support) as potential mediators of the effect of two known biological determinants (sex and age) on physical activity. They did so in a population (Brazilian adolescents) where this research question had not been previously addressed.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not surprisingly, an interesting research question yielded equally interesting results. Cheng et al. report evidence for a potential mediating role of social support, but not for self-efficacy, in the effect of sex and age on physical activity among Northern Brazilian adolescents. Pending verification by longitudinal studies, their findings suggest that one of the reasons why adolescent Brazilian boys are more active than girls is because of their social environment: both friends and family are more supportive of boys’ participation in physical activity than of girls’. Hence, these results suggest that one of the underlying causes of sex disparities in physical activity levels is that society is not as supportive of active lifestyles among adolescent girls as it is for boys. This inherently suggests that the social norms around gender roles and physical activity operating in Brazilian society are at the root cause for the observed differential levels of physical activity by sex. Interestingly, Cheng et al. did not find evidence for a mediating role of self-efficacy (a frequently reported correlate for physical activity in other studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>) on the relation of sex and physical activity among Northern Brazilian adolescents. Combined, these two findings suggest that the solution to the sex-based disparities in physical activity levels among Brazilian adolescents may lie in changing social norms and social environments, rather than in targeting the individual. Interventions aiming to transform the social environment of Brazil to become as supportive and accepting of active girls as it is of active boys should be tested.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Perhaps even more remarkable is the reported result showing a potential mediating role of parental social support on the effect of age on physical activity. While it is well accepted that physical activity declines with age, many have mainly attributed this to biological factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> However, this study presents evidence that societal influences play a strong role on this decline among adolescents. It is important to highlight that the age range studied was not very wide, as this study was restricted to adolescents (ages 14–19 years). Hence, the age decline is not due to the contrast of adults <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> adolescents, or of adolescents <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> children. Rather, it is the result of comparing older adolescents to younger adolescents. Two features are interesting of this finding. First, that as with sex, evidence of a mediating role on the relation between age and physical activity was only found for social support, not for self-efficacy. Hence, the significant role of the social environment (nurture), as opposed to individual drive (nature), is once again stressed. Second, the fact that in this case, only parental social support, and not peer (friends) social support, was found to act as a mediator of the effect of age on physical activity. It appears that at some point, as adolescents age, parental support for physical activity declines. This may have to do with the roles and attitudes that one is expected to take on as one transitions into adulthood, which may involve a more sedentary lifestyle. However, it may also have to do with less involvement of parents in their adolescent offspring's activities, as they become more independent and are expected to assume increasing responsibility for their own conduct. Regardless of the underlying factor, this research suggests that one way to prevent the well-known age-related declines in physical activity among Brazilian adolescents is to maintain or even increase parental support for physical activity in the later stages of adolescence.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As the authors discuss, their findings contrast with those of their peers in high-income settings. The fact that Cheng et al. found no mediation effect of self-efficacy (an individual drive factor) on the relation between sex and age on physical activity among Northern Brazilian adolescents is worth reflecting upon. In our view, this supports the idea that, when exploring the potential pathways of action of these seemingly “standard” determinants of inactivity (sex and age), local context matters. Brazilian and Latin American societies are well known for their strong collectivistic identities, with a very strong sense of community, and thus, with stronger influence of collective <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> individual-level factors on all realms of society and behaviour.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In turn, the settings where most mechanistic physical activity research has taken place, such as the United States, Canada, and Northern Europe, have stronger individualistic identities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Following this logic, it makes sense that in cultures where individual merit is most valued (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e.g</span>., the United States), a psychosocial variable that measures individual drive (self-efficacy) may act as an intermediary in the pathway linking biological factors with physical activity. Likewise, it follows that social support may act as an intermediary variable for this relation in settings where collective values play a stronger role (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e.g</span>., Brazil).</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the roles of collectivistic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> individualistic cultural identities, the broad role of context as a driver of the observed results is worth further exploration. For instance, the lack of social support for girls to be active in Brazil may have to do with historical beliefs and traditions around gender roles, or with actual and/or perceived risk of crime and violence among girls as compared to boys. Another aspect that requires deeper study through disaggregation analyses in future research, is whether the mediating role of social support on the effect of sex and age on physical activity among Brazilian adolescents is true for both leisure-time and transport-based activity. Similarly, are social support levels among peers and family different across different socioeconomic strata? What about across different types of built environments? Moreover, are we certain that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">magnitude of the effect</span> of social support on physical activity is uniform across sexes and age groups in Brazil? That is, does sex or age <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">moderate</span> the effect of social support on physical activity, as has been reported for high-income settings?<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The answers to these questions are not just interesting, but will result critical for designing, testing and scaling up interventions to effectively reduce the gender and age disparities in physical activity levels among Brazilian adolescents.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As the authors well emphasize, this study should not be interpreted as conclusive. Although a sophisticated analysis was conducted to test a hypothesized causal pathway, involving the identification of potential mediators, the cross-sectional nature of this research precludes inferring causality. Robust longitudinal studies are needed to determine with certainty the causal pathways of action of these known biological determinants of physical activity levels among Northern Brazilian adolescents. Nonetheless, this is clearly a very firm and important step in the right direction for this field of research in Brazil and Latin America as a whole, as Cheng et al. ventured into elucidating potential causal mechanisms of action, by grounding their hypotheses and analytic methods in strong behavioural theory. Their study reaffirms that the mechanisms of action of well-known biological determinants (age and sex) of physical activity are not entirely biological themselves. Rather, how society views and interacts with such biological factors (sex, age) appears to be a critical way in which they influence our health.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Brazilian researchers continue to be pioneers in advancing the field of physical activity and public health in Latin America.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Future work in other countries of the region should incorporate similar research questions and methods, addressing the causal pathways of the known determinants of inactivity in these settings. The past ten years have seen an exponential growth of physical activity correlate studies from Latin American sites and researchers. Moving forward, longitudinal study designs, including experimental and quasi-experimental studies that establish causal mechanisms of action and include strong behavioural theory frameworks are warranted. As demonstrated by this and other studies, the Latin American region is characterized by a set of unique social, cultural, and physical environments that jointly influence health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18,20</span></a> This warrants innovative context- and setting-specific approaches for physical activity promotion – such as those that have begun to emerge in the region, with Brazil being an innovator through place-based strategies (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e.g</span>., Academia da Saúde). Researchers throughout Latin America – the most inactive region of the world – must work together through collaborative networks and follow Brazil's lead. We must step up to the challenge of producing high-quality research that is both methodologically rigorous and contextually relevant to generate impactful evidence for tackling the epidemic of inactivity in our region.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Salvo D, Aguilar-Farias N, Jauregui A, Varela AR. Sex and age disparities in physical activity among Brazilian adolescents: nature or nurture? J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:4–7.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar1010">See paper by Cheng et al. in pages 46–52.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease: today's best buy in public health" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.N. Morris" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "807" "paginaFinal" => "814" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7934752" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I.M. Lee" 1 => "E.J. Shiroma" 2 => "F. Lobelo" 3 => "P. Puska" 4 => "S.N. Blair" 5 => "P.T. Katzmarzyk" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "380" "paginaInicial" => "219" "paginaFinal" => "229" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22818936" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.F. Sallis" 1 => "F. Bull" 2 => "R. Guthold" 3 => "G.W. Heath" 4 => "S. Inoue" 5 => "P. Kelly" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30581-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "388" "paginaInicial" => "1325" "paginaFinal" => "1336" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27475270" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Guthold" 1 => "G.A. Stevens" 2 => "L.M. Riley" 3 => "F.C. Bull" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Glob Health" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "e1077" "paginaFinal" => "e1086" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30193830" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A regional vision of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and physical education in adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean: results from 26 countries" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Aguilar-Farias" 1 => "P. Martino-Fuentealba" 2 => "J. Carcamo-Oyarzun" 3 => "A. Cortinez-O’Ryan" 4 => "C. Cristi-Montero" 5 => "A. Von Oetinger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "976" "paginaFinal" => "986" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.F. Sallis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/10408399309527639" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "403" "paginaFinal" => "408" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8357503" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Decline of physical activity from youth to young adulthood in Finland" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Telama" 1 => "X. Yang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00005768-200009000-00015" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "1617" "paginaFinal" => "1622" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10994914" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0301211518310108" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "03012115" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Is the association between sociodemographic variables and physical activity levels in adolescents mediated by social support and self-efficacy?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L.A. Cheng" 1 => "G. Mendonça" 2 => "J.M. Lucena" 3 => "C.R. Rech" 4 => "J.C. Farias Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr (Rio J)" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "46" "paginaFinal" => "52" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.E. Bauman" 1 => "R.S. Reis" 2 => "J.F. Sallis" 3 => "J.C. Wells" 4 => "R.J. Loos" 5 => "B.W. Martin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "380" "paginaInicial" => "258" "paginaFinal" => "271" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22818938" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth, maturation, and physical activity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.M. Malina" 1 => "C. Bouchard" 2 => "O. Bar-Or" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2004" "editorial" => "Human Kinetics" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Champaign" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gender differences in anaerobic power tests" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.L. Mayhew" 1 => "P.C. Salm" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/bf00846033" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "133" "paginaFinal" => "138" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2335171" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An interdisciplinary study of sport as a symbolic hunt: a theory of the origin and nature of sport based on paleolithic hunting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D.M. Carroll" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2000" "editorial" => "E. Mellen Press" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Lewiston, NY" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Why are girls less physically active than boys? Findings from the LOOK longitudinal study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.M. Telford" 1 => "R.D. Telford" 2 => "L.S. Olive" 3 => "T. Cochrane" 4 => "R. Davey" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0150041" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLOS ONE" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "e0150041" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26960199" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Age-related decline in physical activity: a synthesis of human and animal studies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.F. Sallis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "1598" "paginaFinal" => "1600" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Research capacity for childhood obesity prevention in Latin America: an area for growth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.C. Parra" 1 => "S. Vorkoper" 2 => "H.W. Kohl 3rd" 3 => "B. Caballero" 4 => "C. Batis" 5 => "A. Jauregui" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/obr.12579" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obes Rev" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "39" "paginaFinal" => "46" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28741908" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Self-efficacy is mainly genetic, not learned: a multiple-rater twin study on the causal structure of general self-efficacy in young people" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T. Waaktaar" 1 => "S. Torgersen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/thg.2013.25" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Twin Res Hum Genet" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "651" "paginaFinal" => "660" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23601253" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of child gender and psychosocial factors on physical activity from fifth to sixth grade" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Forthofer" 1 => "M. Dowda" 2 => "J.R. O’Neill" 3 => "C.L. Addy" 4 => "S. McDonald" 5 => "L. Reid" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1123/jpah.2016-0487" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Phys Act Health" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "953" "paginaFinal" => "958" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28682693" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Where Latin Americans are physically active, and why does it matter? Findings from the IPEN-adult study in Bogota, Colombia; Cuernavaca, Mexico; and Curitiba, Brazil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Salvo" 1 => "O.L. Sarmiento" 2 => "R.S. Reis" 3 => "A.A. Hino" 4 => "M.A. Bolivar" 5 => "P.D. Lemoine" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "103" "paginaInicial" => "S27" "paginaFinal" => "S33" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Worldwide surveillance, policy, and research on physical activity and health: the Global Observatory for Physical Activity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.R. Varela" 1 => "M. Pratt" 2 => "K. Powell" 3 => "I.M. Lee" 4 => "A. Bauman" 5 => "G. Heath" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1123/jpah.2016-0626" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Phys Act Health" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "701" "paginaFinal" => "709" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28513338" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity: the international physical activity and environment network adult study in Mexico" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Jáuregui" 1 => "M. Pratt" 2 => "H. Lamadrid-Figueroa" 3 => "B. Hernández" 4 => "J.A. Rivera" 5 => "D. Salvo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.amepre.2016.03.026" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Prev Med" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "271" "paginaFinal" => "279" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27180029" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/00217557/0000009600000001/v1_202001240658/S002175571831180X/v1_202001240658/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "10177" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorials" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00217557/0000009600000001/v1_202001240658/S002175571831180X/v1_202001240658/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000049&text.app=https://jped.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S002175571831180X?idApp=UINPBA000049" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2024 November | 8 | 4 | 12 |
2024 October | 29 | 44 | 73 |
2024 September | 37 | 26 | 63 |
2024 August | 57 | 37 | 94 |
2024 July | 41 | 46 | 87 |
2024 June | 30 | 47 | 77 |
2024 May | 34 | 23 | 57 |
2024 April | 57 | 26 | 83 |
2024 March | 36 | 23 | 59 |
2024 February | 41 | 33 | 74 |
2024 January | 46 | 30 | 76 |
2023 December | 27 | 28 | 55 |
2023 November | 36 | 41 | 77 |
2023 October | 42 | 38 | 80 |
2023 September | 48 | 41 | 89 |
2023 August | 52 | 20 | 72 |
2023 July | 40 | 12 | 52 |
2023 June | 134 | 16 | 150 |
2023 May | 34 | 14 | 48 |
2023 April | 35 | 14 | 49 |
2023 March | 46 | 30 | 76 |
2023 February | 31 | 18 | 49 |
2023 January | 20 | 17 | 37 |
2022 December | 44 | 34 | 78 |
2022 November | 27 | 26 | 53 |
2022 October | 32 | 38 | 70 |
2022 September | 21 | 41 | 62 |
2022 August | 29 | 34 | 63 |
2022 July | 46 | 49 | 95 |
2022 June | 25 | 22 | 47 |
2022 May | 28 | 35 | 63 |
2022 April | 43 | 50 | 93 |
2022 March | 33 | 44 | 77 |
2022 February | 27 | 20 | 47 |
2022 January | 34 | 27 | 61 |
2021 December | 21 | 20 | 41 |
2021 November | 25 | 15 | 40 |
2021 October | 22 | 18 | 40 |
2021 September | 21 | 15 | 36 |
2021 August | 40 | 10 | 50 |
2021 July | 32 | 12 | 44 |
2021 June | 37 | 8 | 45 |
2021 May | 39 | 15 | 54 |
2021 April | 186 | 23 | 209 |
2021 March | 110 | 12 | 122 |
2021 February | 47 | 8 | 55 |
2021 January | 47 | 9 | 56 |
2020 December | 62 | 6 | 68 |
2020 November | 61 | 14 | 75 |
2020 October | 80 | 3 | 83 |
2020 September | 50 | 15 | 65 |
2020 August | 53 | 2 | 55 |
2020 July | 49 | 5 | 54 |
2020 June | 45 | 8 | 53 |
2020 May | 77 | 10 | 87 |
2020 April | 158 | 21 | 179 |
2020 March | 202 | 13 | 215 |
2020 February | 235 | 22 | 257 |
2020 January | 183 | 21 | 204 |
2019 December | 78 | 13 | 91 |
2019 November | 60 | 16 | 76 |
2019 October | 80 | 14 | 94 |
2019 September | 76 | 15 | 91 |
2019 August | 53 | 15 | 68 |
2019 July | 58 | 7 | 65 |
2019 June | 46 | 20 | 66 |
2019 May | 34 | 5 | 39 |
2019 April | 89 | 18 | 107 |
2019 March | 38 | 11 | 49 |
2019 February | 4 | 3 | 7 |
2019 January | 6 | 9 | 15 |