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Moderately and late preterms have problem recognizing faces after birth
Prematuros moderados e tardios apresentam problemas em reconhecer rostos após o nascimento
Marco Bartocci
Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital, Medical Director Neonatology Department, Solna, Sweden
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According to Heise,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> affective responses formed into feelings are the everyday basis for generating cultural events. Thus, the face can be considered as a key element in socialization.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ability to recognize faces is important for the human social life and attachment behavior, not only as adults but also as a newborn child. This gift is somewhat present already at birth, when infants express a strong interest in face-like figures and can differentiate between facial and non-facial images.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Children born preterm may suffer from different neurodevelopmental problems and neuropsychological disorders than children born full term.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, also called “face blindness”, can be a part of prematurity-related neurodevelopmental disorder spectrum, but also an isolated event. Preterm infants are more likely to suffer from prosopagnosia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It can have a profound impact of a child's life, as it is a great social handicap, leading to difficulties in making friends and participating in social activities in school, as well as increased levels of anxiety. Thus, it is of great interest to investigate this area of social development, especially among preterm infants.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The article from Pereira et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> is an original study addressing facial preferences during the first two days of life and comparing the reaction of preterm and term newborn infants to the exposure to natural and distorted faces. Although the predilection to orientate oneself to a natural face had been previously shown in term infants both shortly after birth<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and around three month postnatally,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> in this study Pereira et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> focused on a group of late preterm (gestational age 33–36 weeks, mean 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.11). An important aspect of the Pereira's study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> is its focus on a particular group of subjects, such as the moderately and late preterms, who account for approximately 10% of all births.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ability to orientate to an image resembling the face of its own species is common among a large variety of vertebrates, including humans, showing similar domain-relevant predispositions shortly after birth.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relevance and originality of the study presented by Pereira et al. is mainly related to the fact that one group was composed by preterm newborns. The study showed that the ability to distinguish a natural face from an unnatural face is significantly diminished in preterm infants when compared with term infants during the first 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors discussed possible reasons for these findings. The CONSPEC and CONLERN process theories for face recognition were briefly reviewed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> An alteration of the CONSPEC, possibly related to a shorter period for haptic exploration by the baby that in turn may influence brain maturation during the last trimester of gestation, may be a possible explanation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other possible explanations may be found in a delayed or eventually impaired development of crucial areas that are responsible for the processing of the information coming from the visual areas in the occipital cortex. These areas include, for example, the gray matter involving the left fusiform, amygdala, and temporal cortex.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> These regions are touched by the so-called ventral stream, which is thought to be responsible for object, face, and scene recognition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study presented by Pereira et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> adds new insights to the understanding of prematurity-related developmental disorders, which include prosopagnosia.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Bartocci M. Moderately and late preterms have problem recognizing faces after birth. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017;93:4–5.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">See paper by Pereira et al. in pages 35–9.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:14 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Understanding events: affect and the construction of social action" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D.R. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 19 | 15 | 34 |
| 2024 September | 31 | 23 | 54 |
| 2024 August | 42 | 33 | 75 |
| 2024 July | 32 | 30 | 62 |
| 2024 June | 18 | 20 | 38 |
| 2024 May | 23 | 19 | 42 |
| 2024 April | 22 | 21 | 43 |
| 2024 March | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2024 February | 21 | 24 | 45 |
| 2024 January | 12 | 17 | 29 |
| 2023 December | 11 | 23 | 34 |
| 2023 November | 16 | 27 | 43 |
| 2023 October | 19 | 32 | 51 |
| 2023 September | 25 | 37 | 62 |
| 2023 August | 11 | 15 | 26 |
| 2023 July | 17 | 14 | 31 |
| 2023 June | 17 | 10 | 27 |
| 2023 May | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2023 April | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2023 March | 35 | 17 | 52 |
| 2023 February | 17 | 15 | 32 |
| 2023 January | 22 | 21 | 43 |
| 2022 December | 32 | 26 | 58 |
| 2022 November | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2022 October | 39 | 33 | 72 |
| 2022 September | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2022 August | 18 | 29 | 47 |
| 2022 July | 29 | 30 | 59 |
| 2022 June | 16 | 22 | 38 |
| 2022 May | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2022 April | 23 | 28 | 51 |
| 2022 March | 22 | 32 | 54 |
| 2022 February | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| 2022 January | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2021 December | 16 | 17 | 33 |
| 2021 November | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2021 October | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 2021 September | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2021 August | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2021 July | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2021 June | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2021 May | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2021 April | 13 | 17 | 30 |
| 2021 March | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2021 February | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2021 January | 5 | 16 | 21 |
| 2020 December | 4 | 33 | 37 |
| 2020 November | 10 | 17 | 27 |
| 2020 October | 7 | 15 | 22 |
| 2020 September | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2020 August | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2020 July | 10 | 4 | 14 |
| 2020 June | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2020 May | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2020 April | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| 2020 March | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2020 February | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2020 January | 8 | 14 | 22 |
| 2019 December | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2019 November | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2019 October | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2019 September | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2019 August | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2019 July | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2019 May | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2019 April | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2019 March | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2019 February | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2018 December | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2018 November | 20 | 2 | 22 |
| 2018 October | 125 | 11 | 136 |
| 2018 September | 49 | 8 | 57 |
| 2018 August | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2018 July | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| 2018 June | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2018 May | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2018 April | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2018 March | 33 | 2 | 35 |
| 2018 February | 34 | 2 | 36 |
| 2018 January | 23 | 3 | 26 |
| 2017 December | 29 | 1 | 30 |
| 2017 November | 14 | 2 | 16 |
| 2017 October | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2017 August | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 July | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2017 June | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2017 May | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2017 April | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2017 March | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| 2017 February | 17 | 12 | 29 |
| 2017 January | 4 | 14 | 18 |
| 2016 December | 2 | 8 | 10 |
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