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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Advances in clinical management&#44; including the use of pediatric mechanical ventilators&#44; surfactants&#44; and prenatal corticosteroids&#44; are factors that have greatly contributed to improve survival of preterm and at-risk babies in recent decades&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although the mortality rate has dramatically improved over the past decades&#44; preterm newborns remain vulnerable to many complications&#44; including neurological insult and long-term growth and development deficits&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> resulting in the necessity for a much stricter monitoring than in the past&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As birth weight and gestational age decrease&#44; and in cases where there is an association of adverse biological conditions&#44; such as grade III and IV peri-intraventricular hemorrhage&#44; periventricular leukomalacia&#44; prolonged mechanical ventilation&#44; stage III retinopathy of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia&#44; the risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities increases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Particularly&#44; infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age and weighing less than 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g have a high biological risk condition for development&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although transient neurological abnormalities occur in 40&#8211;80&#37; of cases&#44; disappearing in the second year of life&#44; severe and definitive neurosensory sequelae&#44; such as visual and auditory deficiency and cerebral palsy&#44; are detected in 4&#8211;20&#37; of extremely low-weight preterm infants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> Significant developmental delays are also evident in 16&#37; of the cases&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> demonstrating a significant correlation between developmental delay and preterm birth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this sense&#44; carrying out periodic evaluations of each child&#39;s motor development &#40;MD&#41; progress is essential for the identification of deficits&#44; thus facilitating referral to early intervention programs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;8</span></a> Although there is no homogeneity among the several studies regarding the best method for evaluating development&#44; the importance of early identification&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e</span>&#46;&#44; within the child&#39;s first year of life&#44; is a consensus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;9</span></a> Among the assessment tools used to monitor alterations in MD and differentiate atypical motor behaviors&#44; the Alberta Infant Motor Scale &#40;AIMS&#41; is highlighted as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating at-risk infants&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> demonstrating unique characteristics regarding preterm infants&#8217; quality of movement at an early age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> In contrast with the traditional neurological examination&#44; the scale emphasizes functional capacities and the quality of movement&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> offering up-to-date normative reference values&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> AIMS was validated for the Brazilian pediatric population&#44; resulting in a Brazilian Portuguese version&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> and new standards were established to best represent this&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> It has high sensitivity&#44; specificity&#44; and accuracy to detect motor deficits&#44; being indicated in the follow-up of preterm children&#39;s MD in the first 18 months of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No systematic reviews that addressed MD outcomes in preterm infants evaluated by AIMS&#44; establishing a comparative analysis with children born at term&#44; were retrieved&#46; Considering the importance of the diagnosis and early intervention of abnormalities for the development of this at-risk population&#44; this article aimed to systematically review the publications that address the gross motor development of premature infants&#44; evaluated through AIMS&#44; to identify the main motor outcomes in relation to children born at term&#44; aged 0&#8211;18 months of corrected age &#40;CoA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Source of data</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A systematic review of articles published in the last 10 years and available in the following databases&#58; US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health &#40;PubMed&#41;&#44; Scientific Electronic Library Online &#40;SciELO&#41;&#44; Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences &#40;LILACS&#41;&#44; and National Library of Medicine United States &#40;MEDLINE&#41; was carried out&#46; The search strategy included the combination of the following keywords in Portuguese&#58; prematuro&#44; pr&#233;-termo&#44; prematuridade&#44; desenvolvimento motor amplo&#44; controle postural&#44; seguimento&#46; It also included the following words in English&#58; preterm&#44; prematurity&#44; gross motor development&#44; postural control&#44; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#44; follow-up&#46; The words were always combined using the term AND&#46; A similar search was performed in all databases&#46; The keywords were selected based on the search for Decs&#47;MeSH terms &#40;LILACS and SciELO&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Selection criteria</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies were included when they met the following criteria&#58; &#40;1&#41; Original articles involving the observational study of MD of preterm infants&#44; aged 0&#8211;18 months of CoA&#44; published in the last ten years &#40;January 01&#44; 2006 to December 31&#44; 2015&#41;&#46; The CoA represents the adjustment of the chronological age according to the degree of prematurity&#44; that is&#44; the weeks that were lacking for the gestational age to reach 40 weeks are subtracted from the preterm infant&#39;s chronological age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> &#40;2&#41; Studies with one of the following designs&#58; cohort study &#40;prospective or retrospective&#41;&#44; cross-sectional study&#44; control&#8211;case study&#59; &#40;3&#41; studies that used AIMS as a tool for assessing motor development&#59; &#40;4&#41; studies published only in Portuguese or English&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; prematurity was defined according to the Shapiro&#8211;Mendoza and Lackritz classification<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#58; late prematurity &#40;34 weeks completed to 36 weeks and 6 days of gestational age&#41;&#44; moderate prematurity &#40;32 weeks to 33 weeks and 6 days of gestational age&#41;&#44; and extreme prematurity &#40;23&#58;31 weeks and 6 days of gestational age&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All studies that met the inclusion criteria were submitted to data extraction and critical evaluation process&#46; The main characteristics were summarized following a data extraction model consisting of&#58; author&#47;local&#59; method&#44; and sample&#59; gestational age and age at the evaluations&#59; main results&#59; associated risk factors&#59; and strengths and limitations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Data synthesis&#47;analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The search strategy resulted in a total of 101 listed titles&#44; of which 23 were selected for the review&#46; After reading the title and the abstract&#44; 78 articles were excluded&#44; based on the inclusion criteria&#46; The 23 selected articles were included in the review and the results were descriptively analyzed&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results and discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the studies are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be observed that the period of 2010&#8211;2015 had the highest number of publications on the subject&#44; except for the year 2014&#44; in which no article was published with this approach&#46; In the analysis of study locations&#44; Brazil was the most prevalent&#44; with 12 publications&#46; The Netherlands and Australia came in second place&#44; with seven studies&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be observed that children&#39;s ages varied in the studies&#46; Of the 23 selected articles&#44; six addressed the evaluation of MD in age groups involving the first 6 months to 15 or 18 months&#44; whereas four involved the first 6 months up to 12 or 13 months of CoA&#46; A single study addressed the analysis after 12 months of CoA up to 18 months&#46; Only two articles included the long-term study of MD&#44; with a follow-up until the age of 4 years&#44; applying an appropriate scale for this age group&#46; Conversely&#44; the lack of follow-up in children after 12 months of CoA was observed in some studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;22</span></a> One of them involved evaluations at 3 months of CoA&#59; four included evaluations up to 5 or 6 months&#44; and five until 8 or 9 months of CoA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;19&#8211;22</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the gestational ages involved in the studies&#44; it was observed that almost half of the publications &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41; comprised a sample of preterm infants&#44; both moderate and extreme&#44; of which eight were of extreme premature infants only&#46; Conversely&#44; nine studies included heterogeneous samples regarding the classification of prematurity&#44; since they involved the three types in the same sample &#40;late&#44; moderate&#44; and extreme&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;23&#8211;25</span></a> One study did not clarify the GA range of the evaluated children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the designs&#44; it was observed that most studies had a prospective cohort&#44; totaling 14 articles&#59; followed by the cross-sectional design&#44; with eight publications&#46; Most of the analyzed studies &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; had a sample consisting only of preterm infants&#44; and did not include a control group comprising infants born at term&#46; For comparative purposes&#44; five of these studies used the AIMS normative sample to identify differences in the gross motor development between the groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13&#44;23&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> The normative data are based on a population of 2200 infants born at term&#44; aged 0&#8211;18 months&#44; from Alberta&#44; Canada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Recently&#44; the original AIMS data&#44; collected 20 years ago&#44; were compared to data from a contemporary sample of 650 Canadian children&#46; The current normative values remain appropriate to interpret the total AIMS score&#44; and the original percentiles continue to reflect the contemporary order and age at onset of infant motor skills represented in the AIMS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; AIMS normative data have been widely used nationally and internationally as a measure of clinical outcome and research&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;13&#44;17&#44;21&#44;29</span></a> although there is concern that AIMS Canadian standards would be inadequate for children of different cultures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a> In this sense&#44; the authors of the normative value reassessment study affirmed that&#44; given the stability of the results over a 20-year period and the increase in the ethnic diversity of the contemporary sample&#44; it may not be necessary to investigate international differences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In turn&#44; in the Brazilian scenario&#44; the lower percentiles of the Brazilian sample&#44; as described by Saccani and Valentini&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> reinforce the need to use national normative values to categorize children&#39;s motor performance&#46; The differences between Brazilian&#44; Canadian&#44; and Greek children&#44; found in that comparative study of three population samples&#44; prevailed up to 15 months of age&#59; a representative portion of the Brazilian sample &#40;34&#46;6&#37;&#41; had lower motor performance than the expected&#46; According to the authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> the results may indicate a different trajectory in MD&#44; possibly influenced by sociocultural factors pertinent to child care&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the main results related to MD when assessed by AIMS&#44; there is a certain heterogeneity in the description of motor outcomes&#46; Only two studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> discussed the differences observed in motor acquisitions on each subscale &#40;prone&#44; supine&#44; sitting&#44; and standing&#41;&#44; showing the percentage of preterm children <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> children born at term that scored the assessed acquisition&#46; Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> described this data in their study of MD of preterm infants born at a gestational age &#8804;29 weeks and infants born at term&#44; assessed at 4 and 8 months of CoA&#46; At the age of 4 months&#44; all full-term infants were able to play with their hands on the midline&#44; in comparison with 81&#37; of preterm infants&#59; at 8 months of CoA&#44; preterm infants did not progress as much as expected&#44; since many were not able to sit independently &#40;25&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 90&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> followed-up this cohort until 18 months of CoA&#44; and discussed the differences of each evaluated acquisition&#46; At 12 months of CoA&#44; more full-term infants than preterm infants reached the total score in the sitting subscale &#40;94&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 68&#37;&#41;&#59; moreover&#44; a larger number of children in the control group were able to perform lateral gait along a piece of furniture in the standing subscale &#40;90&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 70&#37;&#41;&#46; At 18 months of CoA&#44; almost all full-term children reached the total AIMS score&#59; however&#44; 17 premature children were unable to do so &#40;37&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have compared the MD of preterm and full-term children in the first 2 years of life and demonstrated that the former had an inferior motor performance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;13&#44;23&#44;31</span></a> Of the 23 selected articles&#44; 14 observed significant differences in motor performance between preterm and full-term infants&#59; however&#44; the age when the differences are identified varied&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conversely&#44; two studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;26</span></a> failed to observe a significant difference in the MD of preterm infants <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> that of full-term infants when CoA was considered&#46; Restiffe and Gherpelli<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> demonstrated that the means of the gross scores of 43 low-risk preterm newborns were similar&#44; after age correction&#44; to the AIMS standards in the different age groups over the 13-month of CoA period&#46; Cabral et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> also stated that&#44; when comparing a group of preterm &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; with a group of full-term infants &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; at 4 and 6 months&#44; there was no significant difference in AIMS total score&#44; as well as in the prone and sitting subscale scores&#46; In these two studies&#44; the methodological characteristics&#44; such as the small sample size<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> and the inclusion of preterm infants with low risk for neurological lesion and neuromotor disorders&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> may have influenced the described findings&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Corroborating these findings&#44; Manacero and Nunes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> stated that the motor performance of preterm infants without neurological disorders&#44; evaluated at the 40th week of gestational age&#44; in the fourth and eighth months of CoA&#44; was normal by the AIMS scale&#46; The preterm infants showed a normal progressive sequence of motor skill onset in all assessed postures &#40;prone&#44; supine&#44; sitting&#44; and standing&#41;&#44; expressed by the mean percentile of 43&#46;2&#8211;45&#46;7&#37;&#44; considered adequate in the AIMS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the studies that highlighted significant differences in motor performance between preterm and full-term infants&#44; a critical analysis was performed based on the age at the assessments&#46; At 4 months of CoA&#44; three studies showed differences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> However&#44; only two of these established this comparative analysis involving extreme preterm infants&#44; with a control group of full-term infants&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> described lower scores in all subscales and in the total scale score&#44; noting that preterm infants with gestational age &#8804;29 weeks have motor skills that progress differently from their full-term peers in the four postures assessed at 4 months of CoA&#46; Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> also reported lower total AIMS scores for preterm infants in this age group when compared with the control group&#44; demonstrating lower scores in the supine&#44; prone&#44; and sitting subscales&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences in the MD of preterm and full-term infants were also described at 6 months of CoA&#46; Five studies showed that preterm infants had lower total AIMS scores in this age group when compared to those born at term&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13&#44;23&#44;33&#44;34</span></a> In the study by Wang et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> preterm infants scored significantly lower than the control group in all subscales&#46; However&#44; although they showed lower scores at 6 months of CoA&#44; they reached the MD of their full-term peers over the 18 months of CoA&#46; Maia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> also described lower scores in the group of preterm infants in the four positions assessed by the AIMS&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differences found between preterm and full-term infants at 4 and 6 months of CoA support and reinforce the importance of early assessment in the follow-up as early as in the first 6 months of CoA&#44; especially in high-risk preterm infants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> At 8 months of CoA&#44; four studies found differences in the AIMS total score between preterm infants and their full-term peers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12&#44;24</span></a> Of these&#44; two studies&#44; by Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> involved the evaluation of the motor performance of extreme preterm infants &#40;those with gestational age &#8804;29 weeks&#41;&#46; The authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> described significantly lower total scores than those observed for the controls&#44; as well as lower scores in the sitting and standing subscales&#44; demonstrating a motor delay in more vertical postures in this age group&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Five studies found differences in MD at 12 months of CoA&#44; indicating lower total scores in preterm children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;13&#44;23&#44;33</span></a> In three of these studies&#44; extreme prematurity was the assessed group&#44; indicating there is a specific trajectory of MD that reflects a variant of the typical MD in this population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;33</span></a> Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> found lower scores in the prone&#44; sitting&#44; and standing subscales&#46; Wang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> also stated that preterm infants differed from their full-term peers in the standing subscale in this age group&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At 18 months of CoA&#44; three studies described differences in motor performance between preterm infants and their peers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;35</span></a> Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> indicated significantly lower scores in the extreme preterm group&#44; also in this age group&#44; in the prone&#44; sitting and standing subscales&#46; For the authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> the results described at 12 and 18 months of CoA reflect the lack of mature trunk control in extreme preterm infants&#44; which affects the range of more complex motor skills&#44; not only in the position of four support points and in the acquisition of reciprocal crawling&#44; but also in the sitting and standing positions&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding independent gait&#44; three studies presented evidence that preterm infants acquire this ability at a later age than those full-term&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;27&#44;35</span></a> Restiffe and Gherpelli<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and Souza and Magalh&#227;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> reported that there is a delay of approximately one month&#44; with a mean of 13&#46;8 months of CoA for preterm infants and 12&#46;3 months for the control group&#46; In turn&#44; Nuysink et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> reported that children born at less than 30 weeks of gestational age start walking independently approximately three months after their full-term peers&#44; even with age correction&#46; In this study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> the mean age of independent gait acquisition for preterm infants was 15&#46;7 months of CoA&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For Pin et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> the significant differences in motor performance between preterm and full-term infants over the 18 months of CoA appear to be related to the delay in motor skill development in the more vertical positions&#44; such as sitting and standing&#44; positions that require greater muscle strength and antigravity motor control&#46; Signs of trunk dystonia or imbalance between flexor and extensor forces were found more frequently in preterm infants and over time&#44; possibly because the demand for postural control made the inadequate flexor control in the trunk more apparent&#44; leading to a delay in the capacity to maintain sitting and standing postures&#44; affecting the ability to walk independently&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although it is important to identify differences in the motor performance of preterm infants in different age groups&#44; it is also important to identify the motor delay percentage in this population&#46; Therefore&#44; some studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;20&#8211;23&#44;25&#44;31&#44;36&#8211;38</span></a> presented the motor outcomes based on the AIMS percentile&#44; describing the percentage of delay found in preterm infants &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ten studies that used this approach were retrieved&#44; showing a varied percentage of evaluated motor delay&#44; ranging from 4&#37; to 53&#37;&#44; depending at what age the baby was evaluated in the first year of life&#46; It is observed that four studies defined the gestational age of the sample to include only moderate and&#47;or extreme premature infants<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;22&#44;36&#44;37</span></a>&#59; the others involved the outcome analysis&#44; considering a broader range of gestational age&#46; Extreme preterm infants had a 22&#8211;37&#37; delay at the corrected ages of 3&#8211;4 months&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;22</span></a> and 26&#8211;36&#37; at the ages of 8 and 12 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Moderately preterm infants appear to have better outcomes at 3 months&#44; with a 12&#37; motor delay&#59; however&#44; this fact does not seem to be confirmed when the age of 9 months is assessed &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the variables associated with motor delay&#44; it was observed that lower birth weight was associated with lower gross AIMS score in three studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;23&#44;24</span></a> In turn&#44; some studies did not find this association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;32&#44;36</span></a> Other variables associated with poor motor outcome refer to PIVH &#40;peri-intraventricular hemorrhage&#41;&#44; chronic lung disease&#44; pre- and post-natal corticosteroids&#44; and lower Apgar score&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Ethnicity&#44; low maternal schooling&#44; and young maternal age are social and environmental factors that also have a significant influence on preterm MD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;27</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the strengths of the assessed studies&#44; the evidence that the performance of preterm infants in AIMS is different from that of their full-term peers&#44; being significantly lower at certain ages during the first 18 months of life&#44; is noteworthy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;13&#44;15&#44;23&#44;26&#44;33</span></a> The limitations observed reflect the difficulties of the studies regarding the generalization of the results&#44; the losses to follow-up&#44; and the limited sample sizes&#46; The lack of methodological quality assessment of the included studies was also a limitation of the present review&#46; For future studies&#44; a systematic review of publications involving standardized assessments of the motor performance of preterm infants in the pre-school and school years is suggested&#44; as there is a concern that premature infants may be more vulnerable when entering school age&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Motor delay&#44; as well as the differences in MD in preterm infants&#44; are associated with the biological factors involved&#44; such as gestational age&#44; birth weight&#44; cerebral white matter lesion&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> and associated morbidities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Additionally&#44; adverse sociocultural conditions can aggravate the children&#39;s risk&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> with a poor prognosis for their development&#46; Preterm birth challenges motor control development&#44; as the child starts the extrauterine life with immature and more vulnerable central and sensory-motor systems&#46; As a result&#44; one of the most frequent sequelae is the lack of adequate postural control during motor activities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Thus&#44; healthcare professionals must be attentive to the different risk factors and the MD of the preterm infant&#44; in order to detect deficits early&#44; referring the child and the family for early intervention&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclusion</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the analyzed studies sought to identify differences in gross motor development through the AIMS between preterm and full-term infants at different ages of evaluation&#46; The studies indicate an inferior motor performance of preterm infants in the first 18 months of CoA&#44; either through the comparative analysis with the Canadian AIMS data or with the data obtained from a control group&#44; consisting of children born at term&#46; Depending on the age of the assessment and the sample characteristics&#44; a variable percentage of motor delay was identified in preterm infants&#46; Low maternal schooling and young maternal age&#44; as well as factors related to prematurity&#44; such as lower birth weight&#44; PIVH&#44; and chronic lung disease&#44; were associated with atypical motor outcome in the AIMS&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus&#44; children born prematurely and in unfavorable environmental and social conditions may be more vulnerable to motor problems at a very early age&#46; Therefore&#44; it is crucial that the follow-up services of at-risk infants have strategies for the evaluation and follow-up of the gross motor development of preterm infants&#44; from the discharge from the neonatal ICU to the first 2 years of the child&#39;s life&#59; AIMS is a tool indicated to identify atypical motor behaviors in this population&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-17"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-03-22"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec861518"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Prematurity"
            1 => "Child development"
            2 => "Motor development"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec861519"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Prematuridade"
            1 => "Desenvolvimento infantil"
            2 => "Desenvolvimento motor"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Premature newborns are considered at risk for motor development deficits&#44; leading to the need for monitoring in early life&#46; The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature about gross motor development of preterm infants&#44; assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale &#40;AIMS&#41; to identify the main outcomes in development&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Data source</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review of studies published from 2006 to 2015&#44; indexed in Pubmed&#44; Scielo&#44; Lilacs&#44; and Medline databases in English and Portuguese&#46; The search strategy included the keywords&#58; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#44; prematurity&#44; preterm&#44; motor development&#44; postural control&#44; and follow-up&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Data summary</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 101 articles were identified and 23 were selected&#44; according to the inclusion criteria&#46; The ages of the children assessed in the studies varied&#44; including the first 6 months up to 15 or 18 months of corrected age&#46; The percentage variation in motor delay was identified in the motor outcome descriptions of ten studies&#44; ranging from 4&#37; to 53&#37;&#44; depending on the age when the infant was assessed&#46; The studies show significant differences in the motor development of preterm and full-term infants&#44; with a description of lower gross scores in the AIMS results of preterm infants&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It is essential that the follow-up services of at-risk infants have assessment strategies and monitoring of gross motor development of preterm infants&#59; AIMS is an assessment tool indicated to identify atypical motor development in this population&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Data source"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Data summary"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rec&#233;m-nascidos prematuros s&#227;o considerados de risco para d&#233;ficits no desenvolvimento motor&#44; ocasionando a necessidade de acompanhamento nos primeiros anos de vida&#46; O objetivo do presente estudo &#233; revisar de forma sistem&#225;tica as publica&#231;&#245;es que abordam o desenvolvimento motor amplo de crian&#231;as nascidas prematuras&#44; avaliadas por meio da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alberta Infant Motor Scale</span> &#40;AIMS&#41;&#44; de modo &#224; apontar os principais desfechos motores&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes dos dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica das publica&#231;&#245;es do per&#237;odo de 2006 a 2015&#44; indexadas nas bases de dados Pubmed&#44; Scielo&#44; Lilacs e Medline&#44; nos idiomas ingl&#234;s e portugu&#234;s&#46; A estrat&#233;gia de busca incluiu palavras-chaves&#58; prematuro&#44; pr&#233;-termo&#44; prematuridade&#44; desenvolvimento motor&#44; controle postural&#44; seguimento&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#44; prematurity&#44; pre-term&#44; motor development&#44; postural control and follow-up</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">S&#237;ntese dos dados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificados 101 artigos e selecionados 23&#44; conforme crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o&#46; As idades das crian&#231;as avaliadas nos estudos inclu&#237;ram os primeiros 6 meses at&#233; os 15 ou 18 meses de idade corrigida&#46; Variado percentual de atraso motor foi identificado na descri&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos motores de 10 estudos&#44; indo de 4 a 53&#37;&#44; dependendo da idade em que o beb&#234; foi avaliado&#46; Os estudos apontam diferen&#231;as significativas no desenvolvimento motor de prematuros e crian&#231;as nascidas a termo&#44; com descri&#231;&#227;o de escores brutos mais baixos nos resultados da AIMS de crian&#231;as prematuras&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#201; fundamental que os servi&#231;os de follow-up de beb&#234;s de risco apresentem estrat&#233;gias de avalia&#231;&#227;o e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor amplo de prematuros&#44; sendo a AIMS uma ferramenta de avalia&#231;&#227;o indicada para identificar comportamentos motores at&#237;picos nessa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Fontes dos dados"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "S&#237;ntese dos dados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
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    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Fuentefria RN&#44; Silveira RC&#44; Procianoy RS&#46; Motor development of preterm infants assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#58; systematic review article&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2017&#59;93&#58;328&#8211;42&#46;</p>"
      ]
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AIMS&#44; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#59; w&#44; weeks&#59; m&#44; months&#59; GA&#44; gestational age&#59; BW&#44; birth weight&#59; PT&#44; preterm infant&#59; MD&#44; motor development&#59; CoA&#44; corrected age&#59; CP&#44; cerebral palsy&#59; VLBW&#44; very low birth weight&#59; LBW&#44; low birth weight&#59; PVL&#44; periventricular leukomalacia&#59; CG&#44; control group&#59; PTG&#44; preterm group&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#47;place&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Methods and sample &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GA and age at evaluations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Main results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Associated risk factors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Strengths and limitations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pin et al&#46; &#40;2009&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#47;Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br>&#8211; 62 PT and 53 full-term<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804; 29 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#8211;8 m of CoA<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; At 4 m&#58; PT scored lower in all subscale scores and in the total score<br>&#8211; At 8 m&#58; PT scored lower in the subscales scores of sitting and standing and total score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; PT with GA &#8804;29 w had different MD compared to full-term peers at 4 and 8 m&#59; with motor skills that progress in a differentiated way<br>&#8211; Motor delay in more vertical positions &#40;sitting and standing&#41; at 8 m of CoA<br>&#8211; Limitations on the generalization of results&#59; and on the lack of potential confounders<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prins et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#47;The Netherlands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 70 PT<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; IGA 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w<br><br>&#8211; 3&#44; 6&#44; and 9 m of CoA and 4 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; At 3 m&#58; 12&#37; had motor delay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;<br>&#8211; At 9 m&#58; 32&#37; had motor delay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;<br>&#8211; At 4 years&#58; 17&#37; had motor delay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No association of MD with GA&#44; BW&#44; Apgar score&#44; and gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS results in the first year of life of moderate preterm infants were not predictive of outcomes in MD at 4 years of age<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding losses to follow-up&#59; researchers were not blinded to GA&#59; small sample size<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">van Haastert et al&#46; &#40;2006&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#47;The Netherlands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional&#44; prospective<br><br>&#8211; 800 PT<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804;32 w<br><br>&#8211; 1&#44; 6&#44; 12&#44; 15&#44; and 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;The mean scores of the PT were significantly lower than those born at term&#44; at all age levels<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;Motor delay was associated with&#58; BW &#40;&#60;1250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41; at 6&#8211;7 m and 15&#8211;16 m&#59; gender at 7&#8211;8 m and number of fetuses at 5&#8211;6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Existence of a PT-specific MD trajectory reflecting a typical MD variant<br><br>&#8211; The study shows a percentage curve for PT&#44; indicating a cutoff point for motor intervention at 4 and 8 m&#58; percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25<br><br>&#8211; Limitations on the generalization of results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#47;Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 58 PT and 52 full-term<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804;29 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#44; 8&#44; 12 and 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Total scores of PT were lower in all 4 age groups<br><br>&#8211; An evident difference was found in the subscale sitting at 8 m of CA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Poor MD was associated with&#58; HIV&#44; chronic lung disease&#44; pre- and postnatal corticoid&#44; and Apgar score &#40;in certain age groups&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Children born &#8804;29 w GA had a different motor trajectory from their full-term peers from 4 to 18 m of CoA&#59; with motor skills that progress differently over time<br><br>&#8211; Due to the small sample size of the study&#44; it was not possible to analyze all factors associated with MD&#59; Limitations on the generalization of results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga and Linhares &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional<br><br>&#8211; 308 PT<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w and BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 1 at 12 m &#40;12 independent groups&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The MD of Brazilian PTs was lower than that of the AIMS normative sample in all age groups evaluated &#40;1&#8211;12 m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The study demonstrates that the MD of PT is different from their full-term peers<br><br>&#8211; It features an MD curve for Brazilian PT&#44; according to the distribution of AIMS percentiles&#59; indicating the 5th and 10th percentiles as the best cutoffs to identify motor delay<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding the study design and the sample &#40;it was not constant during the analyzed m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Manacero and Nunes &#40;2008&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional<br><br>&#8211; 44 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w &#40;sample stratified according to BW&#41;<br><br>&#8211; 40th w of gestational age&#44; at 4 and 8 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The percentiles varied in both groups between 10&#37; and 90&#37;&#59; with MD considered normal and similar acquisition rate in both groups<br><br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Means of the group</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8804;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1750</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g&#58;</span> 40th w&#58; 43&#46;2&#37;&#59; 4th m&#58; 42&#46;9&#37;&#59; 8th m 43&#46;9&#37;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Means of the group &#8805;1750 g&#58;</span><br>40th w&#58; 47&#37;&#59; 4th m 47&#46;8&#37;&#59; 8th m&#58; 45&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS scores did not show association with BW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The PT showed a normal progressive sequence of motor skill onset&#44; within an appropriate mean percentile in the AIMS &#40;43&#46;2&#8211;45&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; independently from BW<br><br>&#8211; Limitations related to group stratification&#44; with a BW cutoff<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1750<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; not 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; as it has been traditionally used&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wang et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#47;Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Retrospective<br><br>&#8211; 93 PT with BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1501<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35 w<br><br>&#8211; 6 and 12 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 6</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 30&#46;1&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#41; had motor delay<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 12</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 16&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; had motor delay<br><br>&#8211; At 6 and 12 m of CoA the PT showed differences in the mean score of AIMS&#44; showing poor MD when compared to the normative data&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 6</span> m&#58; Correlation of motor delay with medical complications&#44; BW&#44; maternal level of schooling and Apgar score in the 5th min<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 12</span> m&#58; Correlation with medical complications and maternal age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The study substantiates and reinforces the importance of early assessment at follow-up in the first 6 m of CoA of high-risk PT<br><br>&#8211; Gives evidence that the influence of social and environmental factors on MD of PT is significant<br><br>&#8211; The sample size was relatively small&#44; with only 93 cases for nine independent variables&#59; the study design was retrospective and all variables were extracted from a convenience cohort sample&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Restiffe and Gherpelli &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective<br><br>&#8211; 101 PT and 52 full-term&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w<br><br>&#8211; 1&#8211;18 m of CoA &#40;monthly evaluations&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; There was no difference between PT and full-term newborns in the mean AIMS scores&#44; except for the eighth&#44; ninth and tenth m<br><br>&#8211; The mean age at independent gait acquisition in PT newborns was 381&#46;6 days&#44; and in full-term&#44; 368&#46;6 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Variables associated with delayed gait acquisition&#58; BW&#44; birth length&#44; and duration of neonatal hospitalization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The study presents evidence that premature infants acquire independent gait later than full-term infants&#44; with a delay of approximately one month<br><br>&#8211; The variables birth weight and length and duration of neonatal hospitalization were predictive of delayed gait acquisition in PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Spittle et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#47;Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cohort&#44; prospective<br><br>&#8211; 138 PT<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#44; 8 and 12 m of CoA and at 4 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 4</span> m&#58; 22&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41; had percentile &#60;10th<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 8</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>26&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41; had percentile &#60;5th&#59;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 12</span> m&#58; 36&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#41; had percentile &#60;5th<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cerebral palsy &#40;4 years&#41;&#58;</span> 7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41; had CP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS accuracy was better when the three assessments over time showed delay&#44; rather than only one&#46; AIMS showed to be less accurate at 12 m and more accurate at 4 m for motor deficits found at 4 years&#44; including CP<br>&#8211; The strengths include the use of standardized motor assessments for a long time and the high follow-up rates<br><br>&#8211; Limitations are related to the difficulty of evaluation at 4 years of age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Restiffe and Gherpelli &#40;2006&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cohort&#44; observational and prospective<br><br>&#8211; 43 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; IG 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w<br><br>&#8211; 0&#8211;13 m of CoA &#40;monthly evaluations&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The mean gross MD scores of the PT were different from those of the AIMS standard&#44; only when using chronological age&#46; When correcting for age&#44; the scores were similar<br>&#8211; All PT were able to walk without help before 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The results suggest that&#44; to more accurately identify children with real motor delay by AIMS&#44; the chronological age should be corrected according to the degree of prematurity&#44; preventing false negatives&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Valentini and Saccani &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional and longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 766 children and 22 professionals&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 0&#8211;18 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The PT showed differences in relation to the full-term children regarding the gross and percentile scores&#59; PT scores were the lowest<br><br>&#8211; The results of premature infants were associated with atypical MD or at risk situation &#40;the age used was not corrected&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The final translation and the edited scale resulted in the Brazilian&#8211;Portuguese version of AIMS &#40;AIMS-BR&#41;&#59; a validated and reliable tool to assess child development and plan an intervention for Brazilian children&#46;<br>&#8211; Limited predictive validity was observed&#44; which may be due to the short time during which the groups were followed longitudinally&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fetters and Huang &#40;2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#47;Boston&#44; USA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cohort<br><br>&#8211; 68 children &#40;30 PT with VLBW and with white matter lesions&#59; 21 PT with VLBW and no white matter lesions&#59; 17 full-term infants&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31 w and 6 days<br><br>&#8211; 1&#44; 5 and 9 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; There were no differences in the scores of the subscales&#44; the total score and the AIMS percentile between PT without lesions and full-term babies&#44; at 1 and 5 m<br><br>&#8211; At 9 m&#44; there was a difference in the total score and the AIMS percentile between PT with and without white matter lesion<br><br>&#8211; The group of PT with white matter lesion had the lowest scores at AIMS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS scores were not associated with&#58; gender&#44; ethnicity&#44; GA&#44; or BW<br><br>&#8211; The prone sleeping position was positively associated with MD<br><br>&#8211; At 5 m&#44; playing in the prone position had positive effects on MD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The data suggest that sleeping in the supine position does not appear to have a negative effect on MD&#59; the prone position appears to have a positive impact<br><br>&#8211; At 5 m&#44; sleeping and playing in the prone position were significantly associated with AIMS scores<br><br>&#8211; Limitations&#58; sample loss over time&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective<br><br>&#8211; 10 children&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; PT with LBW &#40;mean GA&#58; 32&#46;8 w&#41;<br><br>&#8211; 4&#8211;8 m of CoA<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">From 4 to 5</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 50&#37; with suspected MD&#59; 40&#37; with motor delay<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">From 5 to 6</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 30&#37; with suspected MD&#59; 40&#37; with motor delay<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">From 7 to 8</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 50&#37; with suspected MD&#59; 30&#37; with motor delay<br><br>&#8211; The mean score in the sitting position increased over the three assessments&#59; the setting position showed a high correlation with the other acquisitions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS allowed detecting MD delay in PT children born with low weight up to the 8th m of CoA&#44; mainly regarding sitting capacity<br><br>&#8211; There was a greater correlation between the sitting and the prone position at each age evaluated<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding sample size and absence of control group&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cabral et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#47;Brazil<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional and comparative study<br><br>&#8211; 30 children &#40;15 PT and 15 full-term&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GA&#58; PT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#8211;6 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 53&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; of PT had percentile equal to or lower than 5 at AIMS<br><br>&#8211; There was no difference in AIMS total score&#44; the groups were similar in terms of MD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; High MD variability observed among the subjects&#44; since both groups had children with high and low motor performance<br><br>&#8211; The sample size limited analyses of correlation between important study variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wang et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#47;Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 35 PT with PVL&#59; 70 PT without PVL&#59; 76 full-term infants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27 w<br><br>&#8211; 6&#44; 12&#44; and 18 m of CoA<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Differences were found in total scores between PT without PVL and full-term infants only at 6 and 12 m&#59; and no difference was found at 18 m<br><br>&#8211; At 6&#44; 12&#44; and 18 m&#44; differences were found in the total scores between&#58; PT with PVL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> PT without PVL&#59;<br>PT with PVL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> full-term infants<br><br>&#8211; At 18 m&#44; only PT with PVL were different from PT without PVL and of full-term infants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; First study that shows MD results through the AIMS of VLBW PT with PVL<br><br>&#8211; VLBW PT with cystic PVL are at greater risk of motor impairment and delays in the gross motor milestones when compared to PT without PVL&#44; with the supine subscale being the most useful to discriminate them&#44; as early as 6 m of CoA<br><br>&#8211; VLBW PT without cystic PVL reach the MD of their full-term peers at 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nuysink et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#47;The Netherlands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective cohort<br><br>&#8211; 95 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30 w or BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 3&#44; 6&#44; and 15 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The mean age of gait acquisition was 15&#46;7 m of CoA &#40;50&#37; of the sample walked at this age&#41;<br>&#8211; Children born with less than 30 w of GA started walking independently approximately 3 m after their full-term peers&#44; even with age correction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The level of gross motor maturation at 6 m of CA&#44; and ethnicity were clearly associated with age at independent gait acquisition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS at 3 m of CoA could not reliably predict the gross MD or walking skills at 15 m of very premature babies<br><br>&#8211; A clinical implication is that the CoA of 3 m can be considered precocious to give predictive validity on the outcomes in the later MD of preterm infants<br><br>&#8211; Limitations related to sample size and the possibility of memory and selection bias in the mean ages of the evaluations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Burger et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#47;South Africa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Descriptive and prospective<br><br>&#8211; 115 children with BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA&#58; 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w<br><br>&#8211; 3 and 12 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 22 children &#40;19&#37;&#41; had a percentile below 5 at 12 m of CoA<br><br>&#8211; The mean percentile of evaluations at 12 m of CoA was 35&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS at 12 m&#44; was used in the child&#39;s follow-up&#44; evaluated using the Prechtl method at 3 m&#44; which showed high predictive validity&#44; sensitivity and specificity<br><br>&#8211; High specificity and low false positive results do not add unnecessary referral of infants to the already overburdened and underdeveloped rehabilitation services&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Snider et al&#46; &#40;2008&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#47;Netherlands<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective cohort<br><br>&#8211; 100 children&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32 w and BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 34 w&#59; at term &#40;38&#8211;40 w&#41; and at 3 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 37&#37; of the children &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37&#41; had abnormal development at 3 m of CoA &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br><br>&#8211; The mean percentile at 3 m of CoA was 17&#46;1 &#40;11&#46;7&#41;&#44; ranging from 2 to 55<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS was used in the follow-up evaluation at 3 m of CoA<br>&#8211; A low power ratio &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;25&#41; was found between general movements assessment and the tests used at 3 m<br><br>&#8211; Limitations&#58; early evaluations&#44; no late follow-up&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Souza and Magalh&#227;es &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Observational and longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 60 children &#40;30 PT and 30 full-term infants&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804; 34 w and BW &#8804; 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 12&#44; 15&#44; and 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; PTG walked at 13&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;0 m of CoA &#40;415<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59 days&#41; and the CG&#44; at 12&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 m &#40;368<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62 days&#41;<br><br>&#8211; No differences were found between the groups at 12 and 15 m<br><br>&#8211; There was a difference between the groups only at 18 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The correlation between GA and AIMS at 12 m of CoA was not significant<br><br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Although no difference was found in AIMS at 12 and 15 m&#44; power was 0&#46;95 at both ages&#46; These results raise questions about the discriminatory power of AIMS to identify the gross motor delay in Brazilian children after 12 m<br><br>&#8211; Limitations&#58; limited sample size and the non-inclusion of the economic level as a criterion for matching&#59; the use of imported tests&#59; and the use of parents&#8217; reports to allow the comparison of the time to gait acquisition<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maia et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal and comparative<br><br>&#8211; 48 children &#40;24 PT and 24 full-term&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#46;5 w<br><br>&#8211; 4 and 6 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; There was a difference between the groups in the standing position at 4 m&#59; and at 6 m&#44; in the prone&#44; sitting and standing positions<br><br>&#8211; The total scores at 6 m indicated a difference between the groups&#44; with the PT showing lower scores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; In the total score and in the percentile&#44; at 4 m of CoA&#44; there was no great difference in the four positions&#46; At 6 m&#44; the full-term group showed a higher score in the four AIMS positions<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding sample size and the inclusion of children from other regions of Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">de Castro et al&#46; &#40;2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Exploratory<br><br>&#8211; 55 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w<br><br>&#8211; Between 4 and 5 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><br>&#8211; GA between 29 and 34 w&#58;<br>26&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; with percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<br><br>&#8211; GA between 35 and 36 w&#58;<br>4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41; with percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<br><br>&#8211; Considering all the sample &#40;GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w&#41;&#58;<br>16&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41; with percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The percentage<br>of children with AIMS score below<br>percentile 10 was higher among those<br>born at lower GA &#40;29 to 34 w&#41;<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; More preterm infants &#40;29&#8211;34 w of GA&#41; had lower scores when assessed by the AIMS&#44; when compared to the PT with 35 and 36 w of GA<br><br>&#8211; The results reinforce the need for more dynamic therapeutic procedures&#44; with an emphasis on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary action&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross&#8211; sectional<br><br>&#8211; 182 PMT and LBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w<br><br>&#8211; 2&#8211;4 m&#59; 4&#8211;6 m&#59; and 6&#8211;8 m &#40;Three independent age groups&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>47&#37; of sample with atypical MD<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">8</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>36&#37; of sample with atypical MD<br><br>&#8211; There were differences in MD of the 3 age groups&#44; when comparing CoA of chronological age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The findings suggest that the corrected age is the best way to assess the actual performance of preterm infants at risk&#44; especially in the first year of life<br><br>&#8211; Study limitations regarding design and lack of follow-up of children older than 12 m<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional<br><br>&#8211; 70 PMT<br>&#40;CG of 43 PMT from another study&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w and BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; Between 0 and 6 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>30&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>20&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3rd m&#58;</span><br>40&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4th m&#58;</span><br>33&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">5th m&#58;</span><br>33&#37; with delay &#40;percentile &#60;1 0&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6th m&#58;</span><br>43&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br><br>&#8211; There were no differences in the total score of the PMT infants by AIMS at any of the compared ages&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; These results suggest that PMT infants from different regions&#44; despite being submitted to different environmental influences&#44; have similar MD<br><br>&#8211; It is relevant to create follow-up programs for at-risk infants according to the region or municipality where they live<br><br>&#8211; Although the samples of infants studied were considered homogeneous&#44; in relation to GA and BW&#44; differences were observed in some age groups evaluated<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AIMS&#44; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#59; w&#44; weeks&#59; m&#44; months&#59; GA&#44; gestational age&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#47;year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gestational age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Corrected age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Motor delay&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Spittle et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;30 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 m<br>8 m<br>12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>26&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;<br>36&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prins et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 m<br>9 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#37;<br>32&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Snider et al&#46; &#40;2008&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;32 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">de Castro et al&#46; &#40;2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w<br>35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Between 4 and 5 m<br>Between 4 and 5 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>4&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Burger et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;37 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;6 m<br>6&#8211;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#37;<br>36&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;37 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 m<br>2 m<br>3 m<br>4 m<br>5 m<br>6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>20&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>40&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>33&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>33&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>43&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wang et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 m<br>12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;1&#37;<br>16&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cabral et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;37 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;5 m<br>5&#8211;6 m<br>7&#8211;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#37;<br>40&#37;<br>30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Review article
Motor development of preterm infants assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale: systematic review article
Rubia do N. Fuentefria, Rita C. Silveira, Renato S. Procianoy
Corresponding author
rprocianoy@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Advances in clinical management&#44; including the use of pediatric mechanical ventilators&#44; surfactants&#44; and prenatal corticosteroids&#44; are factors that have greatly contributed to improve survival of preterm and at-risk babies in recent decades&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although the mortality rate has dramatically improved over the past decades&#44; preterm newborns remain vulnerable to many complications&#44; including neurological insult and long-term growth and development deficits&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> resulting in the necessity for a much stricter monitoring than in the past&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As birth weight and gestational age decrease&#44; and in cases where there is an association of adverse biological conditions&#44; such as grade III and IV peri-intraventricular hemorrhage&#44; periventricular leukomalacia&#44; prolonged mechanical ventilation&#44; stage III retinopathy of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia&#44; the risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities increases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Particularly&#44; infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age and weighing less than 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g have a high biological risk condition for development&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although transient neurological abnormalities occur in 40&#8211;80&#37; of cases&#44; disappearing in the second year of life&#44; severe and definitive neurosensory sequelae&#44; such as visual and auditory deficiency and cerebral palsy&#44; are detected in 4&#8211;20&#37; of extremely low-weight preterm infants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> Significant developmental delays are also evident in 16&#37; of the cases&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> demonstrating a significant correlation between developmental delay and preterm birth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this sense&#44; carrying out periodic evaluations of each child&#39;s motor development &#40;MD&#41; progress is essential for the identification of deficits&#44; thus facilitating referral to early intervention programs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;8</span></a> Although there is no homogeneity among the several studies regarding the best method for evaluating development&#44; the importance of early identification&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e</span>&#46;&#44; within the child&#39;s first year of life&#44; is a consensus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;9</span></a> Among the assessment tools used to monitor alterations in MD and differentiate atypical motor behaviors&#44; the Alberta Infant Motor Scale &#40;AIMS&#41; is highlighted as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating at-risk infants&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> demonstrating unique characteristics regarding preterm infants&#8217; quality of movement at an early age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> In contrast with the traditional neurological examination&#44; the scale emphasizes functional capacities and the quality of movement&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> offering up-to-date normative reference values&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> AIMS was validated for the Brazilian pediatric population&#44; resulting in a Brazilian Portuguese version&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> and new standards were established to best represent this&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> It has high sensitivity&#44; specificity&#44; and accuracy to detect motor deficits&#44; being indicated in the follow-up of preterm children&#39;s MD in the first 18 months of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No systematic reviews that addressed MD outcomes in preterm infants evaluated by AIMS&#44; establishing a comparative analysis with children born at term&#44; were retrieved&#46; Considering the importance of the diagnosis and early intervention of abnormalities for the development of this at-risk population&#44; this article aimed to systematically review the publications that address the gross motor development of premature infants&#44; evaluated through AIMS&#44; to identify the main motor outcomes in relation to children born at term&#44; aged 0&#8211;18 months of corrected age &#40;CoA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Source of data</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A systematic review of articles published in the last 10 years and available in the following databases&#58; US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health &#40;PubMed&#41;&#44; Scientific Electronic Library Online &#40;SciELO&#41;&#44; Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences &#40;LILACS&#41;&#44; and National Library of Medicine United States &#40;MEDLINE&#41; was carried out&#46; The search strategy included the combination of the following keywords in Portuguese&#58; prematuro&#44; pr&#233;-termo&#44; prematuridade&#44; desenvolvimento motor amplo&#44; controle postural&#44; seguimento&#46; It also included the following words in English&#58; preterm&#44; prematurity&#44; gross motor development&#44; postural control&#44; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#44; follow-up&#46; The words were always combined using the term AND&#46; A similar search was performed in all databases&#46; The keywords were selected based on the search for Decs&#47;MeSH terms &#40;LILACS and SciELO&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Selection criteria</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies were included when they met the following criteria&#58; &#40;1&#41; Original articles involving the observational study of MD of preterm infants&#44; aged 0&#8211;18 months of CoA&#44; published in the last ten years &#40;January 01&#44; 2006 to December 31&#44; 2015&#41;&#46; The CoA represents the adjustment of the chronological age according to the degree of prematurity&#44; that is&#44; the weeks that were lacking for the gestational age to reach 40 weeks are subtracted from the preterm infant&#39;s chronological age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> &#40;2&#41; Studies with one of the following designs&#58; cohort study &#40;prospective or retrospective&#41;&#44; cross-sectional study&#44; control&#8211;case study&#59; &#40;3&#41; studies that used AIMS as a tool for assessing motor development&#59; &#40;4&#41; studies published only in Portuguese or English&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; prematurity was defined according to the Shapiro&#8211;Mendoza and Lackritz classification<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#58; late prematurity &#40;34 weeks completed to 36 weeks and 6 days of gestational age&#41;&#44; moderate prematurity &#40;32 weeks to 33 weeks and 6 days of gestational age&#41;&#44; and extreme prematurity &#40;23&#58;31 weeks and 6 days of gestational age&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All studies that met the inclusion criteria were submitted to data extraction and critical evaluation process&#46; The main characteristics were summarized following a data extraction model consisting of&#58; author&#47;local&#59; method&#44; and sample&#59; gestational age and age at the evaluations&#59; main results&#59; associated risk factors&#59; and strengths and limitations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Data synthesis&#47;analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The search strategy resulted in a total of 101 listed titles&#44; of which 23 were selected for the review&#46; After reading the title and the abstract&#44; 78 articles were excluded&#44; based on the inclusion criteria&#46; The 23 selected articles were included in the review and the results were descriptively analyzed&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results and discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the studies are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be observed that the period of 2010&#8211;2015 had the highest number of publications on the subject&#44; except for the year 2014&#44; in which no article was published with this approach&#46; In the analysis of study locations&#44; Brazil was the most prevalent&#44; with 12 publications&#46; The Netherlands and Australia came in second place&#44; with seven studies&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be observed that children&#39;s ages varied in the studies&#46; Of the 23 selected articles&#44; six addressed the evaluation of MD in age groups involving the first 6 months to 15 or 18 months&#44; whereas four involved the first 6 months up to 12 or 13 months of CoA&#46; A single study addressed the analysis after 12 months of CoA up to 18 months&#46; Only two articles included the long-term study of MD&#44; with a follow-up until the age of 4 years&#44; applying an appropriate scale for this age group&#46; Conversely&#44; the lack of follow-up in children after 12 months of CoA was observed in some studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;22</span></a> One of them involved evaluations at 3 months of CoA&#59; four included evaluations up to 5 or 6 months&#44; and five until 8 or 9 months of CoA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;19&#8211;22</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the gestational ages involved in the studies&#44; it was observed that almost half of the publications &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41; comprised a sample of preterm infants&#44; both moderate and extreme&#44; of which eight were of extreme premature infants only&#46; Conversely&#44; nine studies included heterogeneous samples regarding the classification of prematurity&#44; since they involved the three types in the same sample &#40;late&#44; moderate&#44; and extreme&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;23&#8211;25</span></a> One study did not clarify the GA range of the evaluated children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the designs&#44; it was observed that most studies had a prospective cohort&#44; totaling 14 articles&#59; followed by the cross-sectional design&#44; with eight publications&#46; Most of the analyzed studies &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; had a sample consisting only of preterm infants&#44; and did not include a control group comprising infants born at term&#46; For comparative purposes&#44; five of these studies used the AIMS normative sample to identify differences in the gross motor development between the groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13&#44;23&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> The normative data are based on a population of 2200 infants born at term&#44; aged 0&#8211;18 months&#44; from Alberta&#44; Canada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Recently&#44; the original AIMS data&#44; collected 20 years ago&#44; were compared to data from a contemporary sample of 650 Canadian children&#46; The current normative values remain appropriate to interpret the total AIMS score&#44; and the original percentiles continue to reflect the contemporary order and age at onset of infant motor skills represented in the AIMS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; AIMS normative data have been widely used nationally and internationally as a measure of clinical outcome and research&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;13&#44;17&#44;21&#44;29</span></a> although there is concern that AIMS Canadian standards would be inadequate for children of different cultures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a> In this sense&#44; the authors of the normative value reassessment study affirmed that&#44; given the stability of the results over a 20-year period and the increase in the ethnic diversity of the contemporary sample&#44; it may not be necessary to investigate international differences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In turn&#44; in the Brazilian scenario&#44; the lower percentiles of the Brazilian sample&#44; as described by Saccani and Valentini&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> reinforce the need to use national normative values to categorize children&#39;s motor performance&#46; The differences between Brazilian&#44; Canadian&#44; and Greek children&#44; found in that comparative study of three population samples&#44; prevailed up to 15 months of age&#59; a representative portion of the Brazilian sample &#40;34&#46;6&#37;&#41; had lower motor performance than the expected&#46; According to the authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> the results may indicate a different trajectory in MD&#44; possibly influenced by sociocultural factors pertinent to child care&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the main results related to MD when assessed by AIMS&#44; there is a certain heterogeneity in the description of motor outcomes&#46; Only two studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> discussed the differences observed in motor acquisitions on each subscale &#40;prone&#44; supine&#44; sitting&#44; and standing&#41;&#44; showing the percentage of preterm children <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> children born at term that scored the assessed acquisition&#46; Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> described this data in their study of MD of preterm infants born at a gestational age &#8804;29 weeks and infants born at term&#44; assessed at 4 and 8 months of CoA&#46; At the age of 4 months&#44; all full-term infants were able to play with their hands on the midline&#44; in comparison with 81&#37; of preterm infants&#59; at 8 months of CoA&#44; preterm infants did not progress as much as expected&#44; since many were not able to sit independently &#40;25&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 90&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> followed-up this cohort until 18 months of CoA&#44; and discussed the differences of each evaluated acquisition&#46; At 12 months of CoA&#44; more full-term infants than preterm infants reached the total score in the sitting subscale &#40;94&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 68&#37;&#41;&#59; moreover&#44; a larger number of children in the control group were able to perform lateral gait along a piece of furniture in the standing subscale &#40;90&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 70&#37;&#41;&#46; At 18 months of CoA&#44; almost all full-term children reached the total AIMS score&#59; however&#44; 17 premature children were unable to do so &#40;37&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have compared the MD of preterm and full-term children in the first 2 years of life and demonstrated that the former had an inferior motor performance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;13&#44;23&#44;31</span></a> Of the 23 selected articles&#44; 14 observed significant differences in motor performance between preterm and full-term infants&#59; however&#44; the age when the differences are identified varied&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conversely&#44; two studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;26</span></a> failed to observe a significant difference in the MD of preterm infants <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> that of full-term infants when CoA was considered&#46; Restiffe and Gherpelli<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> demonstrated that the means of the gross scores of 43 low-risk preterm newborns were similar&#44; after age correction&#44; to the AIMS standards in the different age groups over the 13-month of CoA period&#46; Cabral et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> also stated that&#44; when comparing a group of preterm &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; with a group of full-term infants &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; at 4 and 6 months&#44; there was no significant difference in AIMS total score&#44; as well as in the prone and sitting subscale scores&#46; In these two studies&#44; the methodological characteristics&#44; such as the small sample size<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> and the inclusion of preterm infants with low risk for neurological lesion and neuromotor disorders&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> may have influenced the described findings&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Corroborating these findings&#44; Manacero and Nunes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> stated that the motor performance of preterm infants without neurological disorders&#44; evaluated at the 40th week of gestational age&#44; in the fourth and eighth months of CoA&#44; was normal by the AIMS scale&#46; The preterm infants showed a normal progressive sequence of motor skill onset in all assessed postures &#40;prone&#44; supine&#44; sitting&#44; and standing&#41;&#44; expressed by the mean percentile of 43&#46;2&#8211;45&#46;7&#37;&#44; considered adequate in the AIMS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the studies that highlighted significant differences in motor performance between preterm and full-term infants&#44; a critical analysis was performed based on the age at the assessments&#46; At 4 months of CoA&#44; three studies showed differences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> However&#44; only two of these established this comparative analysis involving extreme preterm infants&#44; with a control group of full-term infants&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> described lower scores in all subscales and in the total scale score&#44; noting that preterm infants with gestational age &#8804;29 weeks have motor skills that progress differently from their full-term peers in the four postures assessed at 4 months of CoA&#46; Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> also reported lower total AIMS scores for preterm infants in this age group when compared with the control group&#44; demonstrating lower scores in the supine&#44; prone&#44; and sitting subscales&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences in the MD of preterm and full-term infants were also described at 6 months of CoA&#46; Five studies showed that preterm infants had lower total AIMS scores in this age group when compared to those born at term&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13&#44;23&#44;33&#44;34</span></a> In the study by Wang et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> preterm infants scored significantly lower than the control group in all subscales&#46; However&#44; although they showed lower scores at 6 months of CoA&#44; they reached the MD of their full-term peers over the 18 months of CoA&#46; Maia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> also described lower scores in the group of preterm infants in the four positions assessed by the AIMS&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differences found between preterm and full-term infants at 4 and 6 months of CoA support and reinforce the importance of early assessment in the follow-up as early as in the first 6 months of CoA&#44; especially in high-risk preterm infants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> At 8 months of CoA&#44; four studies found differences in the AIMS total score between preterm infants and their full-term peers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12&#44;24</span></a> Of these&#44; two studies&#44; by Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> involved the evaluation of the motor performance of extreme preterm infants &#40;those with gestational age &#8804;29 weeks&#41;&#46; The authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> described significantly lower total scores than those observed for the controls&#44; as well as lower scores in the sitting and standing subscales&#44; demonstrating a motor delay in more vertical postures in this age group&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Five studies found differences in MD at 12 months of CoA&#44; indicating lower total scores in preterm children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;13&#44;23&#44;33</span></a> In three of these studies&#44; extreme prematurity was the assessed group&#44; indicating there is a specific trajectory of MD that reflects a variant of the typical MD in this population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;33</span></a> Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> found lower scores in the prone&#44; sitting&#44; and standing subscales&#46; Wang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> also stated that preterm infants differed from their full-term peers in the standing subscale in this age group&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At 18 months of CoA&#44; three studies described differences in motor performance between preterm infants and their peers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13&#44;35</span></a> Pin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> indicated significantly lower scores in the extreme preterm group&#44; also in this age group&#44; in the prone&#44; sitting and standing subscales&#46; For the authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> the results described at 12 and 18 months of CoA reflect the lack of mature trunk control in extreme preterm infants&#44; which affects the range of more complex motor skills&#44; not only in the position of four support points and in the acquisition of reciprocal crawling&#44; but also in the sitting and standing positions&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding independent gait&#44; three studies presented evidence that preterm infants acquire this ability at a later age than those full-term&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;27&#44;35</span></a> Restiffe and Gherpelli<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and Souza and Magalh&#227;es<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> reported that there is a delay of approximately one month&#44; with a mean of 13&#46;8 months of CoA for preterm infants and 12&#46;3 months for the control group&#46; In turn&#44; Nuysink et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> reported that children born at less than 30 weeks of gestational age start walking independently approximately three months after their full-term peers&#44; even with age correction&#46; In this study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> the mean age of independent gait acquisition for preterm infants was 15&#46;7 months of CoA&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For Pin et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> the significant differences in motor performance between preterm and full-term infants over the 18 months of CoA appear to be related to the delay in motor skill development in the more vertical positions&#44; such as sitting and standing&#44; positions that require greater muscle strength and antigravity motor control&#46; Signs of trunk dystonia or imbalance between flexor and extensor forces were found more frequently in preterm infants and over time&#44; possibly because the demand for postural control made the inadequate flexor control in the trunk more apparent&#44; leading to a delay in the capacity to maintain sitting and standing postures&#44; affecting the ability to walk independently&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although it is important to identify differences in the motor performance of preterm infants in different age groups&#44; it is also important to identify the motor delay percentage in this population&#46; Therefore&#44; some studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;20&#8211;23&#44;25&#44;31&#44;36&#8211;38</span></a> presented the motor outcomes based on the AIMS percentile&#44; describing the percentage of delay found in preterm infants &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ten studies that used this approach were retrieved&#44; showing a varied percentage of evaluated motor delay&#44; ranging from 4&#37; to 53&#37;&#44; depending at what age the baby was evaluated in the first year of life&#46; It is observed that four studies defined the gestational age of the sample to include only moderate and&#47;or extreme premature infants<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;22&#44;36&#44;37</span></a>&#59; the others involved the outcome analysis&#44; considering a broader range of gestational age&#46; Extreme preterm infants had a 22&#8211;37&#37; delay at the corrected ages of 3&#8211;4 months&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;22</span></a> and 26&#8211;36&#37; at the ages of 8 and 12 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Moderately preterm infants appear to have better outcomes at 3 months&#44; with a 12&#37; motor delay&#59; however&#44; this fact does not seem to be confirmed when the age of 9 months is assessed &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the variables associated with motor delay&#44; it was observed that lower birth weight was associated with lower gross AIMS score in three studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;23&#44;24</span></a> In turn&#44; some studies did not find this association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;32&#44;36</span></a> Other variables associated with poor motor outcome refer to PIVH &#40;peri-intraventricular hemorrhage&#41;&#44; chronic lung disease&#44; pre- and post-natal corticosteroids&#44; and lower Apgar score&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Ethnicity&#44; low maternal schooling&#44; and young maternal age are social and environmental factors that also have a significant influence on preterm MD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;27</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the strengths of the assessed studies&#44; the evidence that the performance of preterm infants in AIMS is different from that of their full-term peers&#44; being significantly lower at certain ages during the first 18 months of life&#44; is noteworthy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;13&#44;15&#44;23&#44;26&#44;33</span></a> The limitations observed reflect the difficulties of the studies regarding the generalization of the results&#44; the losses to follow-up&#44; and the limited sample sizes&#46; The lack of methodological quality assessment of the included studies was also a limitation of the present review&#46; For future studies&#44; a systematic review of publications involving standardized assessments of the motor performance of preterm infants in the pre-school and school years is suggested&#44; as there is a concern that premature infants may be more vulnerable when entering school age&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Motor delay&#44; as well as the differences in MD in preterm infants&#44; are associated with the biological factors involved&#44; such as gestational age&#44; birth weight&#44; cerebral white matter lesion&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> and associated morbidities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Additionally&#44; adverse sociocultural conditions can aggravate the children&#39;s risk&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> with a poor prognosis for their development&#46; Preterm birth challenges motor control development&#44; as the child starts the extrauterine life with immature and more vulnerable central and sensory-motor systems&#46; As a result&#44; one of the most frequent sequelae is the lack of adequate postural control during motor activities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Thus&#44; healthcare professionals must be attentive to the different risk factors and the MD of the preterm infant&#44; in order to detect deficits early&#44; referring the child and the family for early intervention&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclusion</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the analyzed studies sought to identify differences in gross motor development through the AIMS between preterm and full-term infants at different ages of evaluation&#46; The studies indicate an inferior motor performance of preterm infants in the first 18 months of CoA&#44; either through the comparative analysis with the Canadian AIMS data or with the data obtained from a control group&#44; consisting of children born at term&#46; Depending on the age of the assessment and the sample characteristics&#44; a variable percentage of motor delay was identified in preterm infants&#46; Low maternal schooling and young maternal age&#44; as well as factors related to prematurity&#44; such as lower birth weight&#44; PIVH&#44; and chronic lung disease&#44; were associated with atypical motor outcome in the AIMS&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus&#44; children born prematurely and in unfavorable environmental and social conditions may be more vulnerable to motor problems at a very early age&#46; Therefore&#44; it is crucial that the follow-up services of at-risk infants have strategies for the evaluation and follow-up of the gross motor development of preterm infants&#44; from the discharge from the neonatal ICU to the first 2 years of the child&#39;s life&#59; AIMS is a tool indicated to identify atypical motor behaviors in this population&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Prematurity"
            1 => "Child development"
            2 => "Motor development"
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            0 => "Prematuridade"
            1 => "Desenvolvimento infantil"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Premature newborns are considered at risk for motor development deficits&#44; leading to the need for monitoring in early life&#46; The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature about gross motor development of preterm infants&#44; assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale &#40;AIMS&#41; to identify the main outcomes in development&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Data source</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review of studies published from 2006 to 2015&#44; indexed in Pubmed&#44; Scielo&#44; Lilacs&#44; and Medline databases in English and Portuguese&#46; The search strategy included the keywords&#58; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#44; prematurity&#44; preterm&#44; motor development&#44; postural control&#44; and follow-up&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Data summary</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 101 articles were identified and 23 were selected&#44; according to the inclusion criteria&#46; The ages of the children assessed in the studies varied&#44; including the first 6 months up to 15 or 18 months of corrected age&#46; The percentage variation in motor delay was identified in the motor outcome descriptions of ten studies&#44; ranging from 4&#37; to 53&#37;&#44; depending on the age when the infant was assessed&#46; The studies show significant differences in the motor development of preterm and full-term infants&#44; with a description of lower gross scores in the AIMS results of preterm infants&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It is essential that the follow-up services of at-risk infants have assessment strategies and monitoring of gross motor development of preterm infants&#59; AIMS is an assessment tool indicated to identify atypical motor development in this population&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rec&#233;m-nascidos prematuros s&#227;o considerados de risco para d&#233;ficits no desenvolvimento motor&#44; ocasionando a necessidade de acompanhamento nos primeiros anos de vida&#46; O objetivo do presente estudo &#233; revisar de forma sistem&#225;tica as publica&#231;&#245;es que abordam o desenvolvimento motor amplo de crian&#231;as nascidas prematuras&#44; avaliadas por meio da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alberta Infant Motor Scale</span> &#40;AIMS&#41;&#44; de modo &#224; apontar os principais desfechos motores&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes dos dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica das publica&#231;&#245;es do per&#237;odo de 2006 a 2015&#44; indexadas nas bases de dados Pubmed&#44; Scielo&#44; Lilacs e Medline&#44; nos idiomas ingl&#234;s e portugu&#234;s&#46; A estrat&#233;gia de busca incluiu palavras-chaves&#58; prematuro&#44; pr&#233;-termo&#44; prematuridade&#44; desenvolvimento motor&#44; controle postural&#44; seguimento&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#44; prematurity&#44; pre-term&#44; motor development&#44; postural control and follow-up</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">S&#237;ntese dos dados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificados 101 artigos e selecionados 23&#44; conforme crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o&#46; As idades das crian&#231;as avaliadas nos estudos inclu&#237;ram os primeiros 6 meses at&#233; os 15 ou 18 meses de idade corrigida&#46; Variado percentual de atraso motor foi identificado na descri&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos motores de 10 estudos&#44; indo de 4 a 53&#37;&#44; dependendo da idade em que o beb&#234; foi avaliado&#46; Os estudos apontam diferen&#231;as significativas no desenvolvimento motor de prematuros e crian&#231;as nascidas a termo&#44; com descri&#231;&#227;o de escores brutos mais baixos nos resultados da AIMS de crian&#231;as prematuras&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#201; fundamental que os servi&#231;os de follow-up de beb&#234;s de risco apresentem estrat&#233;gias de avalia&#231;&#227;o e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor amplo de prematuros&#44; sendo a AIMS uma ferramenta de avalia&#231;&#227;o indicada para identificar comportamentos motores at&#237;picos nessa popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Fuentefria RN&#44; Silveira RC&#44; Procianoy RS&#46; Motor development of preterm infants assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#58; systematic review article&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2017&#59;93&#58;328&#8211;42&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AIMS&#44; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#59; w&#44; weeks&#59; m&#44; months&#59; GA&#44; gestational age&#59; BW&#44; birth weight&#59; PT&#44; preterm infant&#59; MD&#44; motor development&#59; CoA&#44; corrected age&#59; CP&#44; cerebral palsy&#59; VLBW&#44; very low birth weight&#59; LBW&#44; low birth weight&#59; PVL&#44; periventricular leukomalacia&#59; CG&#44; control group&#59; PTG&#44; preterm group&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#47;place&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Methods and sample &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GA and age at evaluations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Main results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Associated risk factors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Strengths and limitations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pin et al&#46; &#40;2009&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#47;Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br>&#8211; 62 PT and 53 full-term<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804; 29 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#8211;8 m of CoA<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; At 4 m&#58; PT scored lower in all subscale scores and in the total score<br>&#8211; At 8 m&#58; PT scored lower in the subscales scores of sitting and standing and total score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; PT with GA &#8804;29 w had different MD compared to full-term peers at 4 and 8 m&#59; with motor skills that progress in a differentiated way<br>&#8211; Motor delay in more vertical positions &#40;sitting and standing&#41; at 8 m of CoA<br>&#8211; Limitations on the generalization of results&#59; and on the lack of potential confounders<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prins et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#47;The Netherlands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 70 PT<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; IGA 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w<br><br>&#8211; 3&#44; 6&#44; and 9 m of CoA and 4 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; At 3 m&#58; 12&#37; had motor delay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;<br>&#8211; At 9 m&#58; 32&#37; had motor delay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;<br>&#8211; At 4 years&#58; 17&#37; had motor delay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No association of MD with GA&#44; BW&#44; Apgar score&#44; and gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS results in the first year of life of moderate preterm infants were not predictive of outcomes in MD at 4 years of age<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding losses to follow-up&#59; researchers were not blinded to GA&#59; small sample size<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">van Haastert et al&#46; &#40;2006&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#47;The Netherlands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional&#44; prospective<br><br>&#8211; 800 PT<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804;32 w<br><br>&#8211; 1&#44; 6&#44; 12&#44; 15&#44; and 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;The mean scores of the PT were significantly lower than those born at term&#44; at all age levels<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;Motor delay was associated with&#58; BW &#40;&#60;1250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41; at 6&#8211;7 m and 15&#8211;16 m&#59; gender at 7&#8211;8 m and number of fetuses at 5&#8211;6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Existence of a PT-specific MD trajectory reflecting a typical MD variant<br><br>&#8211; The study shows a percentage curve for PT&#44; indicating a cutoff point for motor intervention at 4 and 8 m&#58; percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25<br><br>&#8211; Limitations on the generalization of results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pin et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#47;Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 58 PT and 52 full-term<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804;29 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#44; 8&#44; 12 and 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Total scores of PT were lower in all 4 age groups<br><br>&#8211; An evident difference was found in the subscale sitting at 8 m of CA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Poor MD was associated with&#58; HIV&#44; chronic lung disease&#44; pre- and postnatal corticoid&#44; and Apgar score &#40;in certain age groups&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Children born &#8804;29 w GA had a different motor trajectory from their full-term peers from 4 to 18 m of CoA&#59; with motor skills that progress differently over time<br><br>&#8211; Due to the small sample size of the study&#44; it was not possible to analyze all factors associated with MD&#59; Limitations on the generalization of results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga and Linhares &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional<br><br>&#8211; 308 PT<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w and BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 1 at 12 m &#40;12 independent groups&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The MD of Brazilian PTs was lower than that of the AIMS normative sample in all age groups evaluated &#40;1&#8211;12 m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The study demonstrates that the MD of PT is different from their full-term peers<br><br>&#8211; It features an MD curve for Brazilian PT&#44; according to the distribution of AIMS percentiles&#59; indicating the 5th and 10th percentiles as the best cutoffs to identify motor delay<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding the study design and the sample &#40;it was not constant during the analyzed m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Manacero and Nunes &#40;2008&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional<br><br>&#8211; 44 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w &#40;sample stratified according to BW&#41;<br><br>&#8211; 40th w of gestational age&#44; at 4 and 8 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The percentiles varied in both groups between 10&#37; and 90&#37;&#59; with MD considered normal and similar acquisition rate in both groups<br><br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Means of the group</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8804;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1750</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g&#58;</span> 40th w&#58; 43&#46;2&#37;&#59; 4th m&#58; 42&#46;9&#37;&#59; 8th m 43&#46;9&#37;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Means of the group &#8805;1750 g&#58;</span><br>40th w&#58; 47&#37;&#59; 4th m 47&#46;8&#37;&#59; 8th m&#58; 45&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS scores did not show association with BW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The PT showed a normal progressive sequence of motor skill onset&#44; within an appropriate mean percentile in the AIMS &#40;43&#46;2&#8211;45&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; independently from BW<br><br>&#8211; Limitations related to group stratification&#44; with a BW cutoff<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1750<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; not 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; as it has been traditionally used&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wang et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#47;Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Retrospective<br><br>&#8211; 93 PT with BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1501<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35 w<br><br>&#8211; 6 and 12 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 6</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 30&#46;1&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#41; had motor delay<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 12</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 16&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; had motor delay<br><br>&#8211; At 6 and 12 m of CoA the PT showed differences in the mean score of AIMS&#44; showing poor MD when compared to the normative data&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 6</span> m&#58; Correlation of motor delay with medical complications&#44; BW&#44; maternal level of schooling and Apgar score in the 5th min<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 12</span> m&#58; Correlation with medical complications and maternal age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The study substantiates and reinforces the importance of early assessment at follow-up in the first 6 m of CoA of high-risk PT<br><br>&#8211; Gives evidence that the influence of social and environmental factors on MD of PT is significant<br><br>&#8211; The sample size was relatively small&#44; with only 93 cases for nine independent variables&#59; the study design was retrospective and all variables were extracted from a convenience cohort sample&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Restiffe and Gherpelli &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective<br><br>&#8211; 101 PT and 52 full-term&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w<br><br>&#8211; 1&#8211;18 m of CoA &#40;monthly evaluations&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; There was no difference between PT and full-term newborns in the mean AIMS scores&#44; except for the eighth&#44; ninth and tenth m<br><br>&#8211; The mean age at independent gait acquisition in PT newborns was 381&#46;6 days&#44; and in full-term&#44; 368&#46;6 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Variables associated with delayed gait acquisition&#58; BW&#44; birth length&#44; and duration of neonatal hospitalization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The study presents evidence that premature infants acquire independent gait later than full-term infants&#44; with a delay of approximately one month<br><br>&#8211; The variables birth weight and length and duration of neonatal hospitalization were predictive of delayed gait acquisition in PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Spittle et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#47;Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cohort&#44; prospective<br><br>&#8211; 138 PT<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#44; 8 and 12 m of CoA and at 4 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 4</span> m&#58; 22&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41; had percentile &#60;10th<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 8</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>26&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41; had percentile &#60;5th&#59;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At 12</span> m&#58; 36&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#41; had percentile &#60;5th<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cerebral palsy &#40;4 years&#41;&#58;</span> 7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41; had CP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS accuracy was better when the three assessments over time showed delay&#44; rather than only one&#46; AIMS showed to be less accurate at 12 m and more accurate at 4 m for motor deficits found at 4 years&#44; including CP<br>&#8211; The strengths include the use of standardized motor assessments for a long time and the high follow-up rates<br><br>&#8211; Limitations are related to the difficulty of evaluation at 4 years of age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Restiffe and Gherpelli &#40;2006&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cohort&#44; observational and prospective<br><br>&#8211; 43 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; IG 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w<br><br>&#8211; 0&#8211;13 m of CoA &#40;monthly evaluations&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The mean gross MD scores of the PT were different from those of the AIMS standard&#44; only when using chronological age&#46; When correcting for age&#44; the scores were similar<br>&#8211; All PT were able to walk without help before 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The results suggest that&#44; to more accurately identify children with real motor delay by AIMS&#44; the chronological age should be corrected according to the degree of prematurity&#44; preventing false negatives&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Valentini and Saccani &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional and longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 766 children and 22 professionals&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 0&#8211;18 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The PT showed differences in relation to the full-term children regarding the gross and percentile scores&#59; PT scores were the lowest<br><br>&#8211; The results of premature infants were associated with atypical MD or at risk situation &#40;the age used was not corrected&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The final translation and the edited scale resulted in the Brazilian&#8211;Portuguese version of AIMS &#40;AIMS-BR&#41;&#59; a validated and reliable tool to assess child development and plan an intervention for Brazilian children&#46;<br>&#8211; Limited predictive validity was observed&#44; which may be due to the short time during which the groups were followed longitudinally&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fetters and Huang &#40;2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#47;Boston&#44; USA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cohort<br><br>&#8211; 68 children &#40;30 PT with VLBW and with white matter lesions&#59; 21 PT with VLBW and no white matter lesions&#59; 17 full-term infants&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31 w and 6 days<br><br>&#8211; 1&#44; 5 and 9 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; There were no differences in the scores of the subscales&#44; the total score and the AIMS percentile between PT without lesions and full-term babies&#44; at 1 and 5 m<br><br>&#8211; At 9 m&#44; there was a difference in the total score and the AIMS percentile between PT with and without white matter lesion<br><br>&#8211; The group of PT with white matter lesion had the lowest scores at AIMS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS scores were not associated with&#58; gender&#44; ethnicity&#44; GA&#44; or BW<br><br>&#8211; The prone sleeping position was positively associated with MD<br><br>&#8211; At 5 m&#44; playing in the prone position had positive effects on MD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The data suggest that sleeping in the supine position does not appear to have a negative effect on MD&#59; the prone position appears to have a positive impact<br><br>&#8211; At 5 m&#44; sleeping and playing in the prone position were significantly associated with AIMS scores<br><br>&#8211; Limitations&#58; sample loss over time&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective<br><br>&#8211; 10 children&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; PT with LBW &#40;mean GA&#58; 32&#46;8 w&#41;<br><br>&#8211; 4&#8211;8 m of CoA<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">From 4 to 5</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 50&#37; with suspected MD&#59; 40&#37; with motor delay<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">From 5 to 6</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 30&#37; with suspected MD&#59; 40&#37; with motor delay<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">From 7 to 8</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> 50&#37; with suspected MD&#59; 30&#37; with motor delay<br><br>&#8211; The mean score in the sitting position increased over the three assessments&#59; the setting position showed a high correlation with the other acquisitions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS allowed detecting MD delay in PT children born with low weight up to the 8th m of CoA&#44; mainly regarding sitting capacity<br><br>&#8211; There was a greater correlation between the sitting and the prone position at each age evaluated<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding sample size and absence of control group&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cabral et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#47;Brazil<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional and comparative study<br><br>&#8211; 30 children &#40;15 PT and 15 full-term&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GA&#58; PT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w<br><br>&#8211; 4&#8211;6 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 53&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; of PT had percentile equal to or lower than 5 at AIMS<br><br>&#8211; There was no difference in AIMS total score&#44; the groups were similar in terms of MD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; High MD variability observed among the subjects&#44; since both groups had children with high and low motor performance<br><br>&#8211; The sample size limited analyses of correlation between important study variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wang et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#47;Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 35 PT with PVL&#59; 70 PT without PVL&#59; 76 full-term infants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27 w<br><br>&#8211; 6&#44; 12&#44; and 18 m of CoA<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Differences were found in total scores between PT without PVL and full-term infants only at 6 and 12 m&#59; and no difference was found at 18 m<br><br>&#8211; At 6&#44; 12&#44; and 18 m&#44; differences were found in the total scores between&#58; PT with PVL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> PT without PVL&#59;<br>PT with PVL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> full-term infants<br><br>&#8211; At 18 m&#44; only PT with PVL were different from PT without PVL and of full-term infants&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; First study that shows MD results through the AIMS of VLBW PT with PVL<br><br>&#8211; VLBW PT with cystic PVL are at greater risk of motor impairment and delays in the gross motor milestones when compared to PT without PVL&#44; with the supine subscale being the most useful to discriminate them&#44; as early as 6 m of CoA<br><br>&#8211; VLBW PT without cystic PVL reach the MD of their full-term peers at 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nuysink et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#47;The Netherlands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective cohort<br><br>&#8211; 95 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30 w or BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 3&#44; 6&#44; and 15 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The mean age of gait acquisition was 15&#46;7 m of CoA &#40;50&#37; of the sample walked at this age&#41;<br>&#8211; Children born with less than 30 w of GA started walking independently approximately 3 m after their full-term peers&#44; even with age correction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The level of gross motor maturation at 6 m of CA&#44; and ethnicity were clearly associated with age at independent gait acquisition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS at 3 m of CoA could not reliably predict the gross MD or walking skills at 15 m of very premature babies<br><br>&#8211; A clinical implication is that the CoA of 3 m can be considered precocious to give predictive validity on the outcomes in the later MD of preterm infants<br><br>&#8211; Limitations related to sample size and the possibility of memory and selection bias in the mean ages of the evaluations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Burger et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#47;South Africa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Descriptive and prospective<br><br>&#8211; 115 children with BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA&#58; 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w<br><br>&#8211; 3 and 12 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 22 children &#40;19&#37;&#41; had a percentile below 5 at 12 m of CoA<br><br>&#8211; The mean percentile of evaluations at 12 m of CoA was 35&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS at 12 m&#44; was used in the child&#39;s follow-up&#44; evaluated using the Prechtl method at 3 m&#44; which showed high predictive validity&#44; sensitivity and specificity<br><br>&#8211; High specificity and low false positive results do not add unnecessary referral of infants to the already overburdened and underdeveloped rehabilitation services&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Snider et al&#46; &#40;2008&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#47;Netherlands<br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Prospective cohort<br><br>&#8211; 100 children&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32 w and BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 34 w&#59; at term &#40;38&#8211;40 w&#41; and at 3 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; 37&#37; of the children &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37&#41; had abnormal development at 3 m of CoA &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br><br>&#8211; The mean percentile at 3 m of CoA was 17&#46;1 &#40;11&#46;7&#41;&#44; ranging from 2 to 55<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; AIMS was used in the follow-up evaluation at 3 m of CoA<br>&#8211; A low power ratio &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;25&#41; was found between general movements assessment and the tests used at 3 m<br><br>&#8211; Limitations&#58; early evaluations&#44; no late follow-up&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Souza and Magalh&#227;es &#40;2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Observational and longitudinal<br><br>&#8211; 60 children &#40;30 PT and 30 full-term infants&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA &#8804; 34 w and BW &#8804; 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; 12&#44; 15&#44; and 18 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; PTG walked at 13&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;0 m of CoA &#40;415<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59 days&#41; and the CG&#44; at 12&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 m &#40;368<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62 days&#41;<br><br>&#8211; No differences were found between the groups at 12 and 15 m<br><br>&#8211; There was a difference between the groups only at 18 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The correlation between GA and AIMS at 12 m of CoA was not significant<br><br><br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Although no difference was found in AIMS at 12 and 15 m&#44; power was 0&#46;95 at both ages&#46; These results raise questions about the discriminatory power of AIMS to identify the gross motor delay in Brazilian children after 12 m<br><br>&#8211; Limitations&#58; limited sample size and the non-inclusion of the economic level as a criterion for matching&#59; the use of imported tests&#59; and the use of parents&#8217; reports to allow the comparison of the time to gait acquisition<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Maia et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Longitudinal and comparative<br><br>&#8211; 48 children &#40;24 PT and 24 full-term&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#46;5 w<br><br>&#8211; 4 and 6 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; There was a difference between the groups in the standing position at 4 m&#59; and at 6 m&#44; in the prone&#44; sitting and standing positions<br><br>&#8211; The total scores at 6 m indicated a difference between the groups&#44; with the PT showing lower scores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; In the total score and in the percentile&#44; at 4 m of CoA&#44; there was no great difference in the four positions&#46; At 6 m&#44; the full-term group showed a higher score in the four AIMS positions<br><br>&#8211; Limitations regarding sample size and the inclusion of children from other regions of Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">de Castro et al&#46; &#40;2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Exploratory<br><br>&#8211; 55 PT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w<br><br>&#8211; Between 4 and 5 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><br>&#8211; GA between 29 and 34 w&#58;<br>26&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; with percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<br><br>&#8211; GA between 35 and 36 w&#58;<br>4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41; with percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<br><br>&#8211; Considering all the sample &#40;GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w&#41;&#58;<br>16&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41; with percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The percentage<br>of children with AIMS score below<br>percentile 10 was higher among those<br>born at lower GA &#40;29 to 34 w&#41;<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; More preterm infants &#40;29&#8211;34 w of GA&#41; had lower scores when assessed by the AIMS&#44; when compared to the PT with 35 and 36 w of GA<br><br>&#8211; The results reinforce the need for more dynamic therapeutic procedures&#44; with an emphasis on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary action&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross&#8211; sectional<br><br>&#8211; 182 PMT and LBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w<br><br>&#8211; 2&#8211;4 m&#59; 4&#8211;6 m&#59; and 6&#8211;8 m &#40;Three independent age groups&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>47&#37; of sample with atypical MD<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">8</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>36&#37; of sample with atypical MD<br><br>&#8211; There were differences in MD of the 3 age groups&#44; when comparing CoA of chronological age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; The findings suggest that the corrected age is the best way to assess the actual performance of preterm infants at risk&#44; especially in the first year of life<br><br>&#8211; Study limitations regarding design and lack of follow-up of children older than 12 m<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#47;Brazil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; Cross-sectional<br><br>&#8211; 70 PMT<br>&#40;CG of 43 PMT from another study&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 w and BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g<br><br>&#8211; Between 0 and 6 m of CoA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>30&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span> m<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span><br>20&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3rd m&#58;</span><br>40&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">4th m&#58;</span><br>33&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">5th m&#58;</span><br>33&#37; with delay &#40;percentile &#60;1 0&#41;<br>&#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6th m&#58;</span><br>43&#37; with delay &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br><br>&#8211; There were no differences in the total score of the PMT infants by AIMS at any of the compared ages&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; No description&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211; These results suggest that PMT infants from different regions&#44; despite being submitted to different environmental influences&#44; have similar MD<br><br>&#8211; It is relevant to create follow-up programs for at-risk infants according to the region or municipality where they live<br><br>&#8211; Although the samples of infants studied were considered homogeneous&#44; in relation to GA and BW&#44; differences were observed in some age groups evaluated<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AIMS&#44; Alberta Infant Motor Scale&#59; w&#44; weeks&#59; m&#44; months&#59; GA&#44; gestational age&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#47;year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gestational age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Corrected age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Motor delay&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Spittle et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;30 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 m<br>8 m<br>12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>26&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;<br>36&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prins et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 m<br>9 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#37;<br>32&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Snider et al&#46; &#40;2008&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;32 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">de Castro et al&#46; &#40;2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34 w<br>35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Between 4 and 5 m<br>Between 4 and 5 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>4&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Burger et al&#46; &#40;2011&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;37 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;6 m<br>6&#8211;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#37;<br>36&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;37 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 m<br>2 m<br>3 m<br>4 m<br>5 m<br>6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>20&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>40&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>33&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>33&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;<br>43&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wang et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 m<br>12 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;1&#37;<br>16&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cabral et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;37 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;6 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#37; &#40;percentile<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Formiga et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean GA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32 w&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;5 m<br>5&#8211;6 m<br>7&#8211;8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#37;<br>40&#37;<br>30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Motor delay percentage in preterm children assessed by AIMS&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 00217557
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