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            "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cephalometric landmarks&#44; angles&#44; and reference planes&#46; Growth pattern&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#46; FP-MP</span> Angle formed by facial plane &#40;N-Pg&#41; and mandibular plane &#40;Gn-Go&#41;&#46; Facial plane is formed by nasion &#40;N&#41; and pgonion &#40;Pg&#41;&#46; Mandibular plane is formed by gnation &#40;Gn&#41; and gonion &#40;Go&#41;&#59; facial height&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#46; FCNA</span> Angle formed by facial center point &#40;FC&#41; and line FC-nasion &#40;N&#41; and line FC-subspinale &#40;A&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#46; Xi-ANS-Pm</span> Angle formed by center of the ramus point &#40;Xi&#41; and line Xi-anterior nasal spine &#40;ANS&#41; and Xi-suprapogonion &#40;Pm&#41;&#59; Maxilla&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#46; SNA</span> Angle formed by skull base line &#40;SN&#41; and line N-subspinale &#40;A&#41;&#46; Skull base is a plane from sella &#40;S&#41; to nasion &#40;N&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#46; ANS-PNS</span> Distance from anterior nasal spine &#40;ANS&#41; to posterior nasal spine &#40;PNS&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">6&#46; ANS-PNS-FhP</span> Angle formed by palatal plane &#40;ANS-PNS&#41; and Frankfurt plane &#40;FhP&#41;&#46; Frankfurt plane is formed by orbitale &#40;Or&#41; and ponion &#40;Po&#41;&#59; Mandible&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">7&#46; SNB</span> Angle formed by skull base line &#40;SN&#41; and line N-supramentale &#40;B&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">8&#46; MP-FhP</span> Angle formed by mandibular plane &#40;MP&#41; and Frankfurt plane &#40;FhP&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">9&#46; Go-FC</span> Distance from gonion &#40;Go&#41; to the facial center &#40;FC&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">10&#46; Xi-Pm</span> Distance from Xi to suprapogonion &#40;Pm&#41;&#59; Maxilla-Mandible&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">11&#46; ANB</span> Angle formed by subspinale &#40;A&#41; and nasion &#40;N&#41; line and line N-supramentale &#40;B&#41;&#59; Hyoid bone&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">12&#46; H-MP</span> Distance from the most anterior and superior point of hyoid bone &#40;H&#41; perpendicular to mandibular plane &#40;MP&#41;&#59; Craniocervical Posture&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">13&#46; OPT-SN</span> Angle formed by &#40;SN&#41; and odontoides &#40;OPT&#41;&#46; OPT is formed by a line through the postero-superior point and postero-inferior point of odontoides&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">14&#46; CVT-SN</span> Angle formed by &#40;SN&#41; and cervical &#40;CVT&#41;&#46; CVT is formed by a line through the postero-superior point and postero-inferior point of the four cervical&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; recommends the maintenance of breastfeeding &#40;BF&#41; for 2 years or more&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> based on the positive impact of breastfeeding on the health of the child and the breastfeeding mother&#44; as well as the economic impact&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Scientific evidence demonstrates the dose&#8211;response effect of breastfeeding&#44; especially against morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> and overweight&#47;obesity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> favoring orofacial development<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> and the intelligence quotient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;12&#8211;14</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the WHO recommendation&#44; the maintenance of breastfeeding after the first year of the child&#39;s life is practiced by few women&#44; being more common in low-income countries&#44; where the prevalence of BF at 12 months and 24 months is higher than 90&#37; and 60&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In most high-income populations&#44; this prevalence is below 20&#37;&#44; with important differences between countries&#44; such as Norway &#40;38&#37;&#41;&#44; the United States &#40;27&#37;&#41;&#44; Sweden &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#44; and the United Kingdom &#40;&#706;1&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In Brazil&#44; despite the significant advances in BF indicators&#44; since the 1980s&#44; less than half of the children aged between 12 and 14 months and approximately one-third of those aged 21&#8211;23 months are breastfed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Early weaning determinants have been widely assessed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> However&#44; little is known about factors associated with continued breastfeeding after 12 months&#46; A Brazilian study found that&#44; unlike what is reported for early weaning that the presence of the child&#39;s father in the home was a protective factor for BF&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> the cohabitation with the husband&#47;partner was a risk factor for the maintenance of BF for 2 years or more&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> This discrepancy raises the suspicion that some factors involved in the maintenance of breastfeeding for a longer period differ from those associated with early weaning&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present review aimed to collect the available evidences to increase the knowledge about factors involved in breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#44; organizing the factors hierarchically&#44; according to their proximity to the outcome&#46; The results shown here may guide future research on continuous BF&#44; in addition to helping in the establishment of measures that promote longer breastfeeding duration&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a systematic review using a pre-established protocol for searching&#44; selecting&#44; and collecting data&#44; adapted to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews &#40;PRISMA&#41; guidelines for meta-analysis and systematic review studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> As few studies that addressed the maintenance of breastfeeding for 2 years or more were retrieved&#44; the authors chose to study this practice for 12 months or more&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A search was carried out in the Pubmed&#47;Medline&#44; Scielo and Lilacs databases&#44; using the following search terms&#44; based on the Descriptors in Science and Health and Medical Subject Headings &#40;MeSH&#41;&#58; aleitamento materno&#44; amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; breast feeding&#44; breastfeeding&#44; breast milk&#44; human milk&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; duration&#44; 12 meses&#44; 12 months&#44; 24 meses&#44; 24 months&#44; primeiro ano&#44; first year&#44; segundo ano&#44; second year&#44; prolong&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; sustain&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; exten&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; continu&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; long-t&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; factor&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; determ&#42;&#47;&#36; and predict&#42;&#47;&#36;&#46; The terms were combined through the Boolean operators AND&#44; NOT&#44; and AND NOT&#59; the symbols &#40;&#42;&#41; and &#40;&#36;&#41; were used to complement the searched words according to their radical&#44; varying with the used database&#46; The terms &#8220;revis&#227;o&#44; review&#44; gestantes&#44; pregnant woman&#44; pregnancy&#44; gestation&#44; desnutri&#231;&#227;o&#44; malnutrition&#8221; were incorporated into the search terms to facilitate the exclusion of publications that did not meet the criteria for this review&#46; Articles addressing factors associated with breastfeeding&#44; having as an outcome the maintenance of BF for at least 12 months&#44; published between January 2004 and March 2016 and written in Portuguese or English&#44; were selected&#46; There were no restrictions regarding the study site&#44; type of population&#44; study design&#44; and quality&#46; Review articles &#40;systematic or not&#41; and qualitative studies were excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two independent reviewers carried out the searches and evaluated the articles based on their titles&#44; abstracts&#44; and full text when it was considered potentially eligible&#46; Article inclusion and data extraction were also performed independently&#59; the results were compared and the disagreements resolved by consensus between the two reviewers&#46; In case of non-agreement between the researchers&#44; a third reviewer was consulted&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quality of evidence was evaluated according to criteria adapted from Parry et al&#46; and Taylor et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> These criteria take into account&#58; type of study &#40;internal validity&#41;&#44; structured summary&#44; introduction with scientific basis and logical explanation&#44; population recruitment method&#44; selection of predefined sampling&#44; information on data collection tools&#44; nonresponse rate information&#44; interviewers&#8217; training&#44; clearly defined method of outcome measurement&#44; statistical analysis&#44; result interpretation&#44; study hypothesis and possible biases considered&#44; result interpretation in the context of current evidence&#44; and generalization&#46; The maximum possible score&#44; according to this criterion&#44; is 30 points&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the factors that were tested for association with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more were identified&#44; they were organized according to the hierarchical theoretical model proposed by Boccolini et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> arranged in four levels according to the chronological proximity of the variables with the outcome&#46; Level 1 &#40;or distal level&#41; grouped the characteristics prior to pregnancy&#58; maternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics&#44; familial and&#47;or domiciliary&#46; Level 2 &#40;or distal intermediate level&#41; included prenatal care and events occurred during pregnancy&#46; Level 3 &#40;or proximal intermediate level&#41; comprised the characteristics of delivery&#44; immediate postpartum&#44; and newborn care&#44; in addition to events that occurred between childbirth and hospital discharge&#46; Finally&#44; level 4 &#40;or proximal level&#41; included the characteristics of the women and the infants related to the variables that occurred after hospital discharge&#44; including the infant&#39;s feeding&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables related to nationality&#44; place of residence &#40;region&#44; municipality&#44; district&#44; neighborhood&#41;&#44; and area of residence &#40;urban&#47;rural&#44; slum&#47;not slum&#44; countryside&#47;capital&#41; were classified as contextual factors&#44; that is&#44; characteristics related to the social&#44; economic&#44; and demographic context shared by the nursing mothers that can influence the duration of BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1174 potentially relevant articles for the review were retrieved &#40;Medline <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>833&#44; Lilacs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>161&#44; Scielo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>177&#44; and three were manually searched&#44; that is&#44; identified through the list of article citations in publications retrieved by searching the databases&#41;&#44; of which 272 were selected for abstract reading&#46; After reading these&#44; 95 articles were selected for full-text reading&#59; among these&#44; 19 met the inclusion criteria and were selected to be part of the review&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows the inclusion and exclusion flowchart of the articles and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> summarizes the main characteristics and outcomes of the 19 studies&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Four studies were carried out in Brazil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#8211;29</span></a> three in the United States&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;30&#44;31</span></a> two in Norway&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> two in Italy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a> and one in each of the following countries&#58; Sri Lanka&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Sweden&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Qatar&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Haiti&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Australia&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Iran&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Turkey&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> and East Timor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> Of the 19 selected articles&#44; seven were cohort<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#44;29&#44;32&#44;34&#44;35&#44;40</span></a> and 12 were cross-sectional studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;28&#44;30&#44;31&#44;33&#44;36&#8211;39&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> The publication quality ranged from 13<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> to 26 points&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-five factors were tested for the association with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; The number of associations of the same variable with the outcome may be higher than the number of studies investigating it&#44; since some authors have categorized the same variable into more than two categories or evaluated it under different aspects&#46; Yal&#231;in et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> for instance&#44; investigated active maternal exposure to tobacco&#44; as well as exposure to passive smoke&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The distal level was the hierarchical level submitted to the most evaluations &#40;20 variables and 93 evaluations&#41;&#44; followed by the proximal &#40;23 variables and 73 evaluations&#41;&#44; proximal intermediate &#40;20 variables and 52 evaluations&#41;&#44; and distal intermediate &#40;nine variables and 16 evaluations&#41;&#46; Contextual factors&#44; although encompassing only three variables&#44; were evaluated 22 times&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The factors most frequently assessed were&#58; level of schooling<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22&#44;27&#44;29&#44;31&#8211;36&#44;38&#8211;43</span></a> and maternal age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22&#44;27&#8211;29&#44;31&#8211;33&#44;35&#44;36&#44;38&#8211;43</span></a>&#59; parity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;28&#44;30&#8211;32&#44;34&#8211;36&#44;38&#8211;43</span></a> maternal occupation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27&#44;29&#44;32&#44;34&#8211;36&#44;38&#44;39&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> and region of residence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;30&#8211;33&#44;36&#44;39&#8211;43</span></a>&#59; child&#39;s gender<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22&#44;27&#44;30&#44;31&#44;33&#44;36&#44;38&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a>&#59; maternal exposure to tobacco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;30&#44;32&#8211;34&#44;37&#44;42</span></a>&#59; family income<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;31&#44;36&#8211;39&#44;42&#44;43</span></a>&#59; type of delivery<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#44;28&#44;34&#8211;38&#44;42</span></a>&#59; and maternal marital status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29&#44;31&#44;32&#44;35&#44;36&#44;40</span></a> The number of evaluations of the assessed factors is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; Thirty-nine variables were associated with the outcome at least once&#59; the most frequent were maternal age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29&#44;31&#8211;33&#44;42</span></a> and some type of maternal exposure to tobacco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32&#44;33&#44;37&#44;42</span></a> &#40;six associations&#41;&#44; level of maternal schooling<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> &#40;five associations&#41;&#44; and number of children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;32&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> &#40;four associations&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows the number of times each variable was associated with the outcome&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The factors with the highest percentages of associations with breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#44; considering the number of times they were tested&#44; were children having parents as caregivers &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; none maternal exposure to tobacco &#40;54&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; children and&#47;or parents being immigrants&#47;foreigners &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; living in the urban area &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; older mothers &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#44; married mothers &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; higher maternal level of schooling &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; higher number of children &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and lower family income &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The knowledge of factors associated with the maintenance of breastfeeding for at least 12 months may help in the planning of health actions aimed at increasing the proportion of women who breastfeed according to the international recommendation of 2 years or more&#46; The present systematic review identified 39 variables associated with maintaining breastfeeding for 12 months or more in at least one study&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several factors grouped at the distal level&#44; such as maternal older age and higher level of schooling&#44; married mother&#44; higher number of children&#44; and lower family income&#44; showed a high percentage of associations with the maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#44; considering the number of times they were tested&#46; This finding demonstrates that the prolongation of breastfeeding suffers significant influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics&#46; In turn&#44; when exclusive breastfeeding is assessed in the first 6 months of life&#44; factors closer to the outcome are those most frequently associated with this practice&#44; such as maternal occupation&#44; pre- and postpartum counseling&#44; maternal knowledge about breastfeeding&#44; and type of delivery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;44&#44;45</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six associations were found between older maternal age and breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#46; This result can be attributed to the greater emotional stability and experience acquired with previous children&#44; which allow the mother to deal with eventual complications during pregnancy&#44; delivery&#44; and the postpartum period&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> A higher number of children favored the maintenance of BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> As with maternal age&#44; parity may be related to greater experience of women regarding several aspects that may positively influence BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between maternal level of schooling and breastfeeding duration for 12 months or more was observed in six of the 16 studies that analyzed this association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33&#44;40&#44;41&#44;43</span></a> These studies&#44; mostly from high-income countries&#44; found that higher levels of maternal schooling<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> were positively associated with longer BF duration&#44; except for a study carried out in East Timor&#44; which found an association between lower level of schooling and breastfeeding maintenance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> This finding corroborates recent data published by Victora et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> indicating that&#44; in high-income countries&#44; breastfeeding is more common in women with a better socioeconomic level&#46; In Brazil&#44; a middle-income country&#44; a systematic review found an association between a higher level of maternal schooling and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in almost half of the reviewed studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between lower family income and maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more was detected in three<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;37&#44;43</span></a> of the ten<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;31&#44;36&#8211;39&#44;42&#44;43</span></a> studies in which this variable was assessed&#46; It is noteworthy that one of these three studies was carried out in Brazil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> and the others in a high-income<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> &#40;Sweden&#41; and in a low-income &#40;East Timor&#41; country&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> It is worth remembering that&#44; in the Swedish study&#44; this finding may be associated with the fact that the women who breastfed longer were immigrants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> In low- and middle-income countries&#44; breastfeeding is one of the few health-related positive behaviors that is most prevalent among the poorest population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It is possible that this finding is related to the economic benefit of breastfeeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maternal marital status presented a different behavior regarding the association direction&#46; Being a single mother was a protective factor for BF at 12 months or more and a risk factor at 2 years or more&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Further studies are required to better understand a possible ambivalent influence of the child&#39;s father&#47;mother&#39;s partner on BF duration&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous experience with breastfeeding&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> presence of allergy&#47;asthma in the children&#39;s parents and relatives&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> attendance at prenatal consultations&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> and the mother&#39;s intention to breastfeed during pregnancy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> were the distal intermediate level variables reported to be associated with the outcome&#46; It is expected that prenatal consultations with information on breastfeeding&#44; intention to breastfeed during pregnancy&#44; and having previous experience with breastfeeding are factors that help women to face possible BF difficulties and&#44; thus&#44; promote the prolongation of breastfeeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;48&#44;49</span></a> The association between the presence of allergy&#47;asthma in parents and family members may have its origin in the concern for children&#39;s health&#44; since among the long-term benefits of breastfeeding is protection against asthma and eczema&#44; especially in low-income countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the delivery and birth characteristics&#44; although type of delivery was evaluated in nine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#44;28&#44;34&#8211;38&#44;42</span></a> of the 19 selected studies&#44; only one study demonstrated that vaginal delivery was a protection factor for maintenance of BF for 12 months or more&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> In turn&#44; several studies documented the association between cesarean-section delivery and early weaning&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#8211;53</span></a> This apparent discrepancy is not surprising&#44; since it appears reasonable that cesarean sections negatively interfere with BF at the beginning of the process and not with its maintenance for a prolonged period of time&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the factors classified as proximal&#44; the absence of maternal exposure to smoking was the individual variable with the second highest number of evaluations &#40;11&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;30&#44;32&#8211;34&#44;37&#44;42</span></a> and associations &#40;six&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32&#44;33&#44;37&#44;42</span></a> Such association may be due to the negative interference of nicotine in breast milk production&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> as well as the profile of smoking women&#44; less favorable to the maintenance of BF for a longer period of time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;41&#44;43</span></a> of 14 evaluations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27&#44;29&#44;32&#44;34&#8211;36&#44;38&#44;39&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> that assessed maternal work showed an association between this variable and duration of breastfeeding&#46; Studies carried out in the United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and Iran<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> found that mothers working outside the home were less likely to maintain breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#46; A study carried out in East Timor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> showed the opposite&#44; that is&#44; working mothers were more likely to breastfeed their children aged 12 months&#46; This is an association that deserves to be investigated&#44; since maternal work outside the home can be expected to negatively interfere in breastfeeding maintenance due to the supposed physical separation between mother and child&#46; It is possible that maternal work is more informal in East Timor&#44; allowing women to take their children to work&#44; thus favoring the maintenance of breastfeeding&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;29</span></a> of the three studies that explored the association between pacifier use and maintenance of breastfeeding described longer BF duration among children who did not use this object&#46; It has been well documented that pacifier use is strongly associated with early weaning and interruption of exclusive breastfeeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;55</span></a> This review showed that pacifier use also negatively interferes with BF maintenance for at least 12 months&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two studies investigated the interference of the mother&#39;s cohabitation with the child&#39;s father on the duration of BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> It has been previously reported that cohabitation with the child&#39;s father is a protective factor against early weaning&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> However&#44; in the study conducted in Brazil&#44; the mother&#39;s cohabitation with her partner&#47;child&#39;s father was a risk factor for the maintenance of breastfeeding for 2 years or more&#46; This discrepancy raises the hypothesis that fathers initially encourage breastfeeding&#44; but that&#44; after some time&#44; due to lack of knowledge about the recommendation of breastfeeding duration for 2 years or more or for another reason&#44; they discourage the practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> It has been reported that some fathers feel that breastfeeding is harmful to breasts&#59; interferes with the relationship between the father and the child&#59; interferes with the couple&#39;s relationship&#44; including sexual intercourse&#59; and causes feelings of exclusion&#44; abandonment&#44; and jealousy&#44; among others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> Additionally&#44; cohabitation with the husband&#47;partner may result in more workload for the woman&#44; especially if he does not share household chores with her&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the factors classified as contextual&#44; the association between region of residence and breastfeeding for 12 months or more was investigated in 14 studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;30&#8211;33&#44;36&#44;39&#8211;43</span></a> and nine associations were found&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;30&#44;31&#44;33&#44;36&#44;41&#44;43</span></a> In three studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;33&#44;43</span></a> two of them carried out in high-income countries&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;43</span></a> living in an urban&#47;metropolitan area was a protection factor for BF maintenance for 12 months or more&#46; However&#44; in three other studies carried out in Brazil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Iran&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> and Sri Lanka&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> middle-income countries&#44; living in urban areas was characterized as a risk factor for long-term BF&#46; This discrepancy between the results can be explained by cultural differences&#46; The fact that three studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;30&#44;37</span></a> observed that being an immigrant favored the increased duration of breastfeeding corroborates this hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present review has the merit of being a comprehensive study&#44; including studies from different countries with different methodological approaches&#44; in addition to having organized the factors described in the literature as associated with longer BF duration in hierarchical levels&#44; facilitating the understanding of the characteristics involved in the maintenance of breastfeeding for at least 12 months&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conversely&#44; the geographical heterogeneity of the studies included in the review may be a limitation to the applicability of the present results&#44; as the risk factors and protection factors may vary according to the individual and environmental characteristics of the different population groups&#46; The methodological limitations of some studies&#44; including not using multivariate models for data analysis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;31&#44;38&#44;40</span></a> may also have impaired some results&#46; Moreover&#44; several factors associated with BF maintenance were tested in only one study&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more is strongly influenced by contextual factors and some maternal sociodemographic characteristics&#46; Factors related to prenatal care&#44; delivery&#44; and the postpartum period also influence the assessed outcome&#44; but to a lesser degree&#46; It is evident that the determinants of breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or longer may differ between populations&#44; as well as the magnitude of associations&#46; Therefore&#44; it is necessary to know the several factors associated with continued breastfeeding in different sociocultural contexts&#44; so that interventions can be performed in the modifiable variables&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nonetheless&#44; some factors were associated with maintenance of breastfeeding in almost all the assessed places&#44; such as the mother&#39;s older age&#44; greater number of children&#44; higher level of education&#44; and non use of pacifiers by the child&#46; Thus&#44; the hierarchical theoretical model constructed with the results of this review&#44; which describes the previously explored factors and those associated with BF maintenance&#44; may guide future studies aimed at exploring the facilitators and obstacles to continued breastfeeding in different contexts&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
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              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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              "titulo" => "Fontes de dados"
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              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "S&#237;ntese dos dados"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-04-21"
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            0 => "Review"
            1 => "Breast feeding"
            2 => "Epidemiologic factors"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Revis&#227;o"
            1 => "Aleitamento materno"
            2 => "Fatores epidemiol&#243;gicos"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Synthesize the information about the factors associated with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Data source</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed&#47;Medline&#44; Scielo&#44; and Lilacs databases&#44; including articles published in Portuguese or English since 2004 on the factors associated with breastfeeding maintenance for at least 12 months&#59; review articles and those with qualitative design were excluded&#46; The factors were organized into four levels&#44; according to the chronological proximity to the outcome&#58; distal&#44; distal intermediate&#44; proximal intermediate&#44; and proximal&#59; nationality and place&#47;area of residence were considered contextual factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Summary of data</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">1174 articles were identified&#44; of which 19 were included in this review&#44; comprising seven cohort studies and 12 cross-sectional studies&#46; A total of 39 of the 75 assessed factors were associated with the outcome at least once&#46; The factors with the highest percentages of associations with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#44; considering the number of times they were tested were&#58; children whose parents are the caregivers &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; none type of maternal exposure to smoke &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#44; children and&#47;or parents are immigrants&#47;foreigners &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; live in urban areas &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; older maternal age &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#44; married women &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; higher level of maternal education &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; greater parity &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and lower income &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more is associated with multiple factors&#44; emphasizing the contextual factors and those related to some maternal sociodemographic characteristics&#46; Associations differ in effect and magnitude between the different populations studied&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Summary of data"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sintetizar as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os fatores associados &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o por 12 meses ou mais&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes de dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi conduzida revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica nas bases de dados Pubmed&#47;Medline&#44; Scielo e Lilacs&#44; incluindo artigos publicados em l&#237;ngua portuguesa ou inglesa desde 2004 versando sobre fatores associados &#224; amamenta&#231;&#227;o por&#44; no m&#237;nimo&#44; 12 meses&#46; Exclu&#237;ram-se artigos de revis&#227;o e com delineamento qualitativo&#46; Os fatores foram organizados em quatro n&#237;veis de acordo com a proximidade cronol&#243;gica com o desfecho&#58; distal&#44; intermedi&#225;rio distal&#44; intermedi&#225;rio proximal e proximal&#59; nacionalidade e local&#47;&#225;rea de resid&#234;ncia foram considerados fatores contextuais&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">S&#237;ntese dos dados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificaram-se 1&#46;174 artigos&#44; dos quais 19 foram selecionados para revis&#227;o&#44; sendo sete estudos de coorte e 12 transversais&#46; Dos 75 fatores explorados&#44; 39 mostraram-se associados ao desfecho ao menos uma vez&#46; Os fatores com os maiores percentuais de associa&#231;&#245;es com a manuten&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o por 12 meses ou mais&#44; considerando o n&#250;mero de vezes que foram testados&#44; foram&#58; filhos terem os pais como cuidadores &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; nenhum tipo de exposi&#231;&#227;o materna ao fumo &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#44; crian&#231;as e&#47;ou pais serem imigrantes&#47;estrangeiros &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; morar em zona urbana &#40;42&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; maior idade materna &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#44; m&#227;e ser casada &#40;37&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; maior escolaridade materna &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; maior n&#250;mero de filhos &#40;30&#44;8&#37;&#41; e menor renda familiar &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A manuten&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o por 12 meses ou mais est&#225; associada a m&#250;ltiplos fatores&#44; com destaque para os fatores contextuais e os relacionados a algumas caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas das m&#227;es&#46; As associa&#231;&#245;es diferem em efeito e magnitude entre as diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "S&#237;ntese dos dados"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Please cite this article as&#58; Santana GS&#44; Giugliani ER&#44; Vieira TO&#44; Vieira GO&#46; Factors associated with breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#58; a systematic review&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2018&#59;94&#58;104&#8211;122</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Study inclusion and exclusion flowchart for the systematic review of factors associated with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805;12 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hierarchical theoretical model of the variables evaluated for possible association with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805;12 months of age&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Variable &#40;number of evaluations of the association with outcome&#47;number of associations with outcome&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BF&#44; maternal breastfeeding&#59; OR&#44; odds ratio&#59; aOR&#44; adjusted odds ratio&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 95&#37; confidence interval&#59; aHR&#44; adjusted hazard ratio&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&#59; BMI&#44; body mass index&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">First author&#44; year of publication&#44; study country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Population&#47;sample &#40;No&#46; of assessed mother-baby pairs&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Outcome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factors associated to outcome &#40;association measure&#47;95&#37; CI&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factors not associated with the outcome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evidence quality score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laterra A&#44; 2014&#44; Haiti<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers aged &#8805;18 years and children aged &#8804;2 years from four Haitian departments&#47;administrative divisions&#47;310&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF 20&#8211;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Area of residence &#40;urban or rural&#41;Region of residenceMaternal ageParityMaternal level of schoolingAnnual family incomePlace of last childbirthBirth attended by health professionalMaternal workMaternal workload outside the homeAge of the youngest child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yal&#231;in SS&#44; 2014&#44; Turkey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-basedCross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children 12&#8211;35 months of age living with their mothers&#47;1666&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal age 30&#8211;34 years at the child&#39;s birth &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;94&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;13&#8211;3&#46;32&#41; when compared to mothers &#60;19 yearsHigher order of birth &#40;&#8805;5th&#41; of the child associated with a longer interval between deliveries &#40;&#8805;24 months&#41; &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;20&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;30&#8211;3&#46;72&#41;Wedding with religious ceremony &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;54&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;06&#8211;6&#46;07&#41;Passive maternal exposure to tobacco &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;56&#8211;0&#46;95&#41; when compared to non-smoking mothersMother who smoked &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;45&#8211;0&#46;83&#41; when compared to non-smoking mothersOverweight mother &#40;BMI 25&#8211;29&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;31&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;02&#8211;1&#46;68&#41;Not using any contraceptive method &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;52&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;37&#8211;0&#46;71&#41; when compared to traditional methodsUsing modern non-hormonal contraceptive methods &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;59&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;45&#8211;0&#46;77&#41; when compared to traditional methodsUsing hormonal contraceptives &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;47&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;30&#8211;0&#46;75&#41; when compared to traditional methodsBottle-fed child &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;36&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;29&#8211;0&#46;45&#41;Exclusively breastfed infant in the first 3 days of life &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;16&#8211;1&#46;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Place of residenceRegion of residenceBirth orderBirth intervalFamily with 6 or more membersMaternal educationHaving a dowry at the weddingFamily constitutionPaternal agePaternal educationFamily incomeHaving health insuranceNumber of prenatal visitsType of birthPlace of birthBeginning of breastfeeding within the first hour of lifeWeight at birthChild&#39;s genderMaternal workAge of child &#40;12&#8211;23 months versus 24&#8211;36 months&#41;Weight&#47;age of childHeight&#47;age of childWeight&#47;height of the childBMI&#47;age of child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hure AJ&#44; 2013&#44; Australia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-based cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers aged 30&#8211;36 years&#47;9773&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months and &#8805;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">12 months</span>&#58;Older maternal age at delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher order of birth of the child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher maternal level of schooling&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Mother is married &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Full-term child and&#47;or with adequate birth weight &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Lower level of maternal concern related to money &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">24 months&#58;</span>Older maternal age at delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher order of birth of the child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher maternal level of schooling &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Mother is single &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Place of residence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">dos S Neto ET&#44; 2013&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children and mothers residing in two areas covered by the Family Health Strategy of the Unified Health System in the municipality of Vit&#243;ria&#44; ES&#47;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Older maternal age &#40;&#62;35 years&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;Did not start pacifier suction in the 1st month of life &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41;Did not start artificial feeding in the 1st month of life &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Number of children born aliveNumber of siblings from the same motherNumber of children under 5 in the houseInterbirth intervalNumber of individuals living in the same houseMaternal level of schoolingMaternal marital statusMarital stabilityPaternal occupationMonthly family incomeHouse finishingNumber of rooms in the houseMaternal occupationChild started using pacifier before the third month of lifeChild started using pacifier before the sixth month of lifeChild was bottle-fedChild received formula before the sixth month of life&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Al-Kohji S&#44; 2012&#44; Qatar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Arab mothers and children under 24 months attending a Primary Health Care Center&#47;770&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NationalityMaternal ageParityMaternal level of schoolingMonthly family incomeReceiving guidance about infant feeding during prenatal careMother received formula ads during prenatal careType of birthPlace of delivery &#40;type of hospital&#41;Rooming-inEasy access to get support for feeding problems after childbirthMother received formula ads before dischargeMeaning of exclusive breastfeeding for mothersMaternal opinion on the appropriate position for breastfeedingChild&#39;s genderMaternal occupationPlanned feeding method for the childBreastfeeding on demand&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bertino E&#44; 2012&#44; Italy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in a hospital in Turin&#44; and their mothers&#47;562&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High score of the maternal attitude toward breastfeeding &#40;mothers favorable to breastfeeding compared with those favorable to using formula to feed their children&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal nationalityParityMaternal level of schoolingType of birthRooming-in practiceMaternal employment situationMaternal smoking before pregnancyMaternal smoking during pregnancyPaternal smoking during pregnancyMaternal BMIChild uses pacifier&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Langellier BA&#44; 2012&#44; United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers and children participating in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman&#44; Infants and Children &#40;WIC&#41;&#47;4725&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 or &#8805;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">12 months&#58;</span>Foreign mother &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;86&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;41&#8211;2&#46;43&#41;Interview carried out in Spanish &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;50&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;14&#8211;1&#46;47&#41;Mother intends to breastfeed &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;80&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 2&#46;05&#8211;3&#46;8&#41;Non-exclusive breastfeeding at the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;52&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 2&#46;75&#8211;4&#46;51&#41; when compared with non-breastfeedingExclusive breastfeeding in the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;04&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 6&#46;17&#8211;10&#46;49&#41; when compared to non-breastfeedingMother resides with the child&#39;s father &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;31&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;06&#8211;1&#46;61&#41;Maternal return to work up to three months postpartum &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;63&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;45&#8211;0&#46;8&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">24 months&#58;</span>Interview carried out in Spanish &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;89&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;10&#8211;3&#46;25&#41;Mother intends to breastfeed &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;07&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;15&#8211;3&#46;75&#41;Non-exclusive breastfeeding at the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;72&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;64&#8211;4&#46;50&#41; when compared to non-breastfeedingExclusive breastfeeding at the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;72&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 3&#46;44&#8211;9&#46;52&#41; when compared to non-breastfeedingMaternal return to work up to three months postpartum &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;49&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;28&#8211;0&#46;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageMaternal level of schoolingMaternal ethnicityChild receiving formula at the hospitalParticipation in the WICChild&#39;s genderAge of child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Martins EJ&#44; 2012&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in a hospital in Porto Alegre&#44; RS and their mothers&#47;151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mother living with the child&#39;s father &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;37&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;Mother staying at home with the child in the first 6 months of life &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;13&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;12&#8211;4&#46;05&#41;Child not using a pacifier &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;58&#8211;3&#46;81&#41;Delay the introduction of water and&#47;or teas to the child&#39;s diet &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;005&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;001&#8211;1&#46;009&#41;Delay the introduction of other types of milk to the child&#39;s diet &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;001&#8211;1&#46;002&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageParityMaternal level of schoolingMother&#39;s skin color&#47;ethnicityTime of breastfeeding of previous childrenReceive guidance about BF in prenatal careNumber of prenatal visitsType of birthChild received formula at the maternity hospitalChild&#39;s genderMother lives with her mother-in-law&#46;Maternal smoking during pregnancyAge at which child started receiving solid&#47;semi-solid foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Senarath U&#44; 2012&#44; Sri Lanka<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers aged 15&#8211;49 with children up to 24 months of age&#47;2735&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Living in rural areas compared to tea-producing properties &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Not residing in the Central Province compared to the West Province &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Vaginal delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Receiving at least one home visit by postpartum health workers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageChild&#39;s birth orderBirth interval between the two last birthsMaternal level of schoolingMaternal marital statusPaternal level of schoolingFamily incomeNumber of prenatal visits in clinicsReceiving home visits by health workers during pregnancyPlace of deliveryBirth weightChild&#39;s genderMaternal occupationMaternal BMIMaternal participation in family decisions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dem&#233;trio F&#44; 2012&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in public maternity hospitals in the municipalities of Laje and Mutu&#237;pe&#44; BA&#47;531&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in the rural area &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother received prenatal care &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageMaternal level of schoolingSkin colorHousing status indexType of birthBirth weightChild&#39;s genderGestation timeMaternal work outside the home after childbirthMaximum height of the motherPre-gestational maternal anthropometric statusPost-gestational maternal anthropometric status&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carletti C&#44; 2011&#44; Italy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in a hospital in Trieste and their mothers&#47;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal age 30&#8211;34 years compared with mothers aged &#62;34 years &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;026&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal nationalityParityMaternal level of schoolingMaternal marital statusDuration of previous breastfeedingType of deliveryChild admitted at the hospital after birthChild&#39;s birth weightChild&#39;s birth lengthGestational ageChild had jaundice at birthChild had respiratory difficulty at birthMaternal occupationMaternal return to work&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kristiansen AL&#44; 2010&#44; Norway<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-based cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">All children born in Norway from April 17 to May 8&#44; 2006&#47;1490&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Older maternal age &#40;25&#8211;34 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;99&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;13&#8211;3&#46;50&#47;&#8805;35 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;40&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;30&#8211;4&#46;44&#41; compared with mothers &#8804;24 yearsMother of a second child &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;75&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;57&#8211;0&#46;97&#41;Higher maternal schooling &#40;higher education &#8804;4 years&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;33&#59;95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;17&#8211;4&#46;65&#47;higher education &#62;4 years&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;81&#59; 95&#37;CI&#58; 1&#46;39&#8211;5&#46;66&#41; when compared to mothers with primary and secondary educationLower child&#39;s birth weight &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;39&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;21&#8211;0&#46;72&#41;Mother smoked during pregnancy &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;49&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;34&#8211;0&#46;71&#41;Child has a caregiver other than the parents &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;64&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;50&#8211;0&#46;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Geographical region of residenceMaternal marital statusPaternal level of schoolingFamily history of asthma&#47;allergyMaternal occupation at the child&#39;s birthMaternal occupation at 12 months of the child&#39;s lifeMother smoking at 6 months of the child&#39;s life&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Wallby T&#44; 2009&#44; Sweden<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born between 1997 and 2001 living in the city of Uppsala&#47;12&#46;197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Non-Swedish mother &#40;from Eastern Europe and Balkan countries&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;63&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;29&#8211;2&#46;06&#47;from Africa&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;14&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;73&#8211;2&#46;64&#47;from the Middle East&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;73&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;49&#8211;2&#46;01&#47;from South and East Asia&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;72&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;38&#8211;2&#46;15&#41;Lower family income &#40;Quartile 1&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;24&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;10&#8211;1&#46;39&#41;Smoking mother &#40;aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;70&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;61&#8211;0&#46;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Type of delivery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Senarath U&#44; 2007&#44; East Timor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children aged 0&#8211;23 months living in urban and rural areas of the study country&#44; selected from a population sample of a study carried out in 2003&#47;2162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&#44; but only for the outcome BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months or &#8805;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome &#8805;12 months</span>&#58;Home delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Mothers who worked in the 12 months prior to the interview &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Younger age of the child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome &#8805;24 months&#58;</span>Not residing in the eastern rural area &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;Living in the mountains &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;Mother aged &#60;35 years old &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Number of children &#60;4 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Being illiterate or having attended only elementary school &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Not belonging to the wealthiest social stratum &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Child&#39;s gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Singh GK&#44; 2007&#44; United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-based cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children younger than 6 years&#47;33&#44;121&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in a metropolitan region &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Children born in the United States&#44; to immigrant parents&#44; compared to US children born to American parents &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;White&#44; non-Hispanic mothers compared with non-Hispanic Black mothers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Family composition&#58; not being the child of a single mother and not being the child of adoptive parents when compared to the children of biological parents &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Parents&#8217; level of schooling &#8805; 13 years &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Female child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;High level of family or social support &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Not having a smoker at home &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Safety in the home districtChild&#39;s birth orderLevel of family povertyMaternal physical health statusMaternal emotional health statusMaternal physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carrascoza KC&#44; 2005&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children from a dental care center for special patients and their mothers&#47;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Older maternal age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0331&#41;Higher number of children &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0175&#41;Mother is married &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0078&#41;Lower socioeconomic class &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother had previous experience with breastfeeding &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0058&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mother received guidance on breastfeeding during pregnancyMother&#39;s intention to breastfeed during pregnancyType of delivery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hajian-Tilaki KO&#44; 2005&#44; Iran<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers of children aged 12&#8211;24 months&#47;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Living in rural areas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Greater parity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Higher maternal schooling &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother did not work outside the home &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Lower maternal stress level &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageChild&#39;s gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Li R&#44; 2005&#44; United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children aged 19&#8211;35 months who participated in the National Immunization Survey of 2002&#47;3507&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in the Pacific region &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Older maternal age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Higher maternal schooling &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother is married &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;White non-Hispanic mother &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother&#47;child not participating in the WIC program &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; for mothers and children in the first year of lifeChild did not have a nanny at 6 months &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Child&#39;s birth orderPoverty levelChild&#39;s Gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lande B&#44; 2004&#44; Norway<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12-month-old children born to Norwegian mothers or mothers from another Scandinavian country&#47;1932&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">BF at 12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in a place with a higher degree of urbanization &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;34&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;04&#8211;1&#46;72&#41;Older maternal age &#40;25&#8211;34 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;03&#8211;2&#46;05&#47;&#8805;35 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;36&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;58&#8211;3&#46;51&#41; when compared with mothers aged &#60;25 yearsHigher maternal level of schooling &#40;&#8805;13 years&#41; &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;48&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;63&#8211;3&#46;77&#41;Presence of allergy&#47;asthma among family members &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;40&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;14&#8211;1&#46;71&#41;Mother smoking at six months of child&#39;s life &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;44&#8211;0&#46;74&#41;Child does not have a baby-sitter &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;43&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;15&#8211;1&#46;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Child&#39;s gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Variables with significant values of OR or HR greater than 1&#46;00 indicate a greater chance of breastfeeding maintenance&#44; and OR or HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;00 indicate a lower chance&#46;</p>"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Adapted from Parry et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and Taylor et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Main characteristics of the selected studies for a systematic review of factors associated with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805; 12 months in descending order of year of publication&#46;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "References"
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        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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                            0 => "World Health Organization"
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                    ]
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            1 => array:3 [
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                            1 => "R&#46; Bahl"
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                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Sankar"
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                            0 => "B&#46;L&#46; Horta"
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                  ]
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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Review article
Factors associated with breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more: a systematic review
Fatores associados à manutenção da amamentação por 12 meses ou mais: revisão sistemática
Géssica S. Santanaa,
Corresponding author
gessicassantana@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Elsa Regina J. Giuglianib, Tatiana de O. Vieiraa, Graciete O. Vieiraa
a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
b Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hierarchical theoretical model of the variables evaluated for possible association with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805;12 months of age&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Variable &#40;number of evaluations of the association with outcome&#47;number of associations with outcome&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; recommends the maintenance of breastfeeding &#40;BF&#41; for 2 years or more&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> based on the positive impact of breastfeeding on the health of the child and the breastfeeding mother&#44; as well as the economic impact&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Scientific evidence demonstrates the dose&#8211;response effect of breastfeeding&#44; especially against morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> and overweight&#47;obesity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> favoring orofacial development<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> and the intelligence quotient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;12&#8211;14</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the WHO recommendation&#44; the maintenance of breastfeeding after the first year of the child&#39;s life is practiced by few women&#44; being more common in low-income countries&#44; where the prevalence of BF at 12 months and 24 months is higher than 90&#37; and 60&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In most high-income populations&#44; this prevalence is below 20&#37;&#44; with important differences between countries&#44; such as Norway &#40;38&#37;&#41;&#44; the United States &#40;27&#37;&#41;&#44; Sweden &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#44; and the United Kingdom &#40;&#706;1&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In Brazil&#44; despite the significant advances in BF indicators&#44; since the 1980s&#44; less than half of the children aged between 12 and 14 months and approximately one-third of those aged 21&#8211;23 months are breastfed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Early weaning determinants have been widely assessed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> However&#44; little is known about factors associated with continued breastfeeding after 12 months&#46; A Brazilian study found that&#44; unlike what is reported for early weaning that the presence of the child&#39;s father in the home was a protective factor for BF&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> the cohabitation with the husband&#47;partner was a risk factor for the maintenance of BF for 2 years or more&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> This discrepancy raises the suspicion that some factors involved in the maintenance of breastfeeding for a longer period differ from those associated with early weaning&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present review aimed to collect the available evidences to increase the knowledge about factors involved in breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#44; organizing the factors hierarchically&#44; according to their proximity to the outcome&#46; The results shown here may guide future research on continuous BF&#44; in addition to helping in the establishment of measures that promote longer breastfeeding duration&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a systematic review using a pre-established protocol for searching&#44; selecting&#44; and collecting data&#44; adapted to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews &#40;PRISMA&#41; guidelines for meta-analysis and systematic review studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> As few studies that addressed the maintenance of breastfeeding for 2 years or more were retrieved&#44; the authors chose to study this practice for 12 months or more&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A search was carried out in the Pubmed&#47;Medline&#44; Scielo and Lilacs databases&#44; using the following search terms&#44; based on the Descriptors in Science and Health and Medical Subject Headings &#40;MeSH&#41;&#58; aleitamento materno&#44; amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; breast feeding&#44; breastfeeding&#44; breast milk&#44; human milk&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; duration&#44; 12 meses&#44; 12 months&#44; 24 meses&#44; 24 months&#44; primeiro ano&#44; first year&#44; segundo ano&#44; second year&#44; prolong&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; sustain&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; exten&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; continu&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; long-t&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; factor&#42;&#47;&#36;&#44; determ&#42;&#47;&#36; and predict&#42;&#47;&#36;&#46; The terms were combined through the Boolean operators AND&#44; NOT&#44; and AND NOT&#59; the symbols &#40;&#42;&#41; and &#40;&#36;&#41; were used to complement the searched words according to their radical&#44; varying with the used database&#46; The terms &#8220;revis&#227;o&#44; review&#44; gestantes&#44; pregnant woman&#44; pregnancy&#44; gestation&#44; desnutri&#231;&#227;o&#44; malnutrition&#8221; were incorporated into the search terms to facilitate the exclusion of publications that did not meet the criteria for this review&#46; Articles addressing factors associated with breastfeeding&#44; having as an outcome the maintenance of BF for at least 12 months&#44; published between January 2004 and March 2016 and written in Portuguese or English&#44; were selected&#46; There were no restrictions regarding the study site&#44; type of population&#44; study design&#44; and quality&#46; Review articles &#40;systematic or not&#41; and qualitative studies were excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two independent reviewers carried out the searches and evaluated the articles based on their titles&#44; abstracts&#44; and full text when it was considered potentially eligible&#46; Article inclusion and data extraction were also performed independently&#59; the results were compared and the disagreements resolved by consensus between the two reviewers&#46; In case of non-agreement between the researchers&#44; a third reviewer was consulted&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quality of evidence was evaluated according to criteria adapted from Parry et al&#46; and Taylor et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> These criteria take into account&#58; type of study &#40;internal validity&#41;&#44; structured summary&#44; introduction with scientific basis and logical explanation&#44; population recruitment method&#44; selection of predefined sampling&#44; information on data collection tools&#44; nonresponse rate information&#44; interviewers&#8217; training&#44; clearly defined method of outcome measurement&#44; statistical analysis&#44; result interpretation&#44; study hypothesis and possible biases considered&#44; result interpretation in the context of current evidence&#44; and generalization&#46; The maximum possible score&#44; according to this criterion&#44; is 30 points&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the factors that were tested for association with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more were identified&#44; they were organized according to the hierarchical theoretical model proposed by Boccolini et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> arranged in four levels according to the chronological proximity of the variables with the outcome&#46; Level 1 &#40;or distal level&#41; grouped the characteristics prior to pregnancy&#58; maternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics&#44; familial and&#47;or domiciliary&#46; Level 2 &#40;or distal intermediate level&#41; included prenatal care and events occurred during pregnancy&#46; Level 3 &#40;or proximal intermediate level&#41; comprised the characteristics of delivery&#44; immediate postpartum&#44; and newborn care&#44; in addition to events that occurred between childbirth and hospital discharge&#46; Finally&#44; level 4 &#40;or proximal level&#41; included the characteristics of the women and the infants related to the variables that occurred after hospital discharge&#44; including the infant&#39;s feeding&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables related to nationality&#44; place of residence &#40;region&#44; municipality&#44; district&#44; neighborhood&#41;&#44; and area of residence &#40;urban&#47;rural&#44; slum&#47;not slum&#44; countryside&#47;capital&#41; were classified as contextual factors&#44; that is&#44; characteristics related to the social&#44; economic&#44; and demographic context shared by the nursing mothers that can influence the duration of BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1174 potentially relevant articles for the review were retrieved &#40;Medline <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>833&#44; Lilacs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>161&#44; Scielo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>177&#44; and three were manually searched&#44; that is&#44; identified through the list of article citations in publications retrieved by searching the databases&#41;&#44; of which 272 were selected for abstract reading&#46; After reading these&#44; 95 articles were selected for full-text reading&#59; among these&#44; 19 met the inclusion criteria and were selected to be part of the review&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows the inclusion and exclusion flowchart of the articles and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> summarizes the main characteristics and outcomes of the 19 studies&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Four studies were carried out in Brazil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#8211;29</span></a> three in the United States&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;30&#44;31</span></a> two in Norway&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> two in Italy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a> and one in each of the following countries&#58; Sri Lanka&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Sweden&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Qatar&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Haiti&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Australia&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Iran&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Turkey&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> and East Timor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> Of the 19 selected articles&#44; seven were cohort<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#44;29&#44;32&#44;34&#44;35&#44;40</span></a> and 12 were cross-sectional studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;28&#44;30&#44;31&#44;33&#44;36&#8211;39&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> The publication quality ranged from 13<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> to 26 points&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-five factors were tested for the association with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; The number of associations of the same variable with the outcome may be higher than the number of studies investigating it&#44; since some authors have categorized the same variable into more than two categories or evaluated it under different aspects&#46; Yal&#231;in et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> for instance&#44; investigated active maternal exposure to tobacco&#44; as well as exposure to passive smoke&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The distal level was the hierarchical level submitted to the most evaluations &#40;20 variables and 93 evaluations&#41;&#44; followed by the proximal &#40;23 variables and 73 evaluations&#41;&#44; proximal intermediate &#40;20 variables and 52 evaluations&#41;&#44; and distal intermediate &#40;nine variables and 16 evaluations&#41;&#46; Contextual factors&#44; although encompassing only three variables&#44; were evaluated 22 times&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The factors most frequently assessed were&#58; level of schooling<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22&#44;27&#44;29&#44;31&#8211;36&#44;38&#8211;43</span></a> and maternal age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22&#44;27&#8211;29&#44;31&#8211;33&#44;35&#44;36&#44;38&#8211;43</span></a>&#59; parity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;28&#44;30&#8211;32&#44;34&#8211;36&#44;38&#8211;43</span></a> maternal occupation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27&#44;29&#44;32&#44;34&#8211;36&#44;38&#44;39&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> and region of residence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;30&#8211;33&#44;36&#44;39&#8211;43</span></a>&#59; child&#39;s gender<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22&#44;27&#44;30&#44;31&#44;33&#44;36&#44;38&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a>&#59; maternal exposure to tobacco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;30&#44;32&#8211;34&#44;37&#44;42</span></a>&#59; family income<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;31&#44;36&#8211;39&#44;42&#44;43</span></a>&#59; type of delivery<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#44;28&#44;34&#8211;38&#44;42</span></a>&#59; and maternal marital status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29&#44;31&#44;32&#44;35&#44;36&#44;40</span></a> The number of evaluations of the assessed factors is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; Thirty-nine variables were associated with the outcome at least once&#59; the most frequent were maternal age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29&#44;31&#8211;33&#44;42</span></a> and some type of maternal exposure to tobacco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32&#44;33&#44;37&#44;42</span></a> &#40;six associations&#41;&#44; level of maternal schooling<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> &#40;five associations&#41;&#44; and number of children<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;32&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> &#40;four associations&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows the number of times each variable was associated with the outcome&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The factors with the highest percentages of associations with breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#44; considering the number of times they were tested&#44; were children having parents as caregivers &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; none maternal exposure to tobacco &#40;54&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; children and&#47;or parents being immigrants&#47;foreigners &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; living in the urban area &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; older mothers &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#44; married mothers &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; higher maternal level of schooling &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; higher number of children &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and lower family income &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The knowledge of factors associated with the maintenance of breastfeeding for at least 12 months may help in the planning of health actions aimed at increasing the proportion of women who breastfeed according to the international recommendation of 2 years or more&#46; The present systematic review identified 39 variables associated with maintaining breastfeeding for 12 months or more in at least one study&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several factors grouped at the distal level&#44; such as maternal older age and higher level of schooling&#44; married mother&#44; higher number of children&#44; and lower family income&#44; showed a high percentage of associations with the maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#44; considering the number of times they were tested&#46; This finding demonstrates that the prolongation of breastfeeding suffers significant influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics&#46; In turn&#44; when exclusive breastfeeding is assessed in the first 6 months of life&#44; factors closer to the outcome are those most frequently associated with this practice&#44; such as maternal occupation&#44; pre- and postpartum counseling&#44; maternal knowledge about breastfeeding&#44; and type of delivery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;44&#44;45</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six associations were found between older maternal age and breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#46; This result can be attributed to the greater emotional stability and experience acquired with previous children&#44; which allow the mother to deal with eventual complications during pregnancy&#44; delivery&#44; and the postpartum period&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> A higher number of children favored the maintenance of BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> As with maternal age&#44; parity may be related to greater experience of women regarding several aspects that may positively influence BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between maternal level of schooling and breastfeeding duration for 12 months or more was observed in six of the 16 studies that analyzed this association&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33&#44;40&#44;41&#44;43</span></a> These studies&#44; mostly from high-income countries&#44; found that higher levels of maternal schooling<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> were positively associated with longer BF duration&#44; except for a study carried out in East Timor&#44; which found an association between lower level of schooling and breastfeeding maintenance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> This finding corroborates recent data published by Victora et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> indicating that&#44; in high-income countries&#44; breastfeeding is more common in women with a better socioeconomic level&#46; In Brazil&#44; a middle-income country&#44; a systematic review found an association between a higher level of maternal schooling and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in almost half of the reviewed studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between lower family income and maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more was detected in three<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;37&#44;43</span></a> of the ten<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#8211;31&#44;36&#8211;39&#44;42&#44;43</span></a> studies in which this variable was assessed&#46; It is noteworthy that one of these three studies was carried out in Brazil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> and the others in a high-income<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> &#40;Sweden&#41; and in a low-income &#40;East Timor&#41; country&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> It is worth remembering that&#44; in the Swedish study&#44; this finding may be associated with the fact that the women who breastfed longer were immigrants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> In low- and middle-income countries&#44; breastfeeding is one of the few health-related positive behaviors that is most prevalent among the poorest population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It is possible that this finding is related to the economic benefit of breastfeeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maternal marital status presented a different behavior regarding the association direction&#46; Being a single mother was a protective factor for BF at 12 months or more and a risk factor at 2 years or more&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Further studies are required to better understand a possible ambivalent influence of the child&#39;s father&#47;mother&#39;s partner on BF duration&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous experience with breastfeeding&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> presence of allergy&#47;asthma in the children&#39;s parents and relatives&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> attendance at prenatal consultations&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> and the mother&#39;s intention to breastfeed during pregnancy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> were the distal intermediate level variables reported to be associated with the outcome&#46; It is expected that prenatal consultations with information on breastfeeding&#44; intention to breastfeed during pregnancy&#44; and having previous experience with breastfeeding are factors that help women to face possible BF difficulties and&#44; thus&#44; promote the prolongation of breastfeeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;48&#44;49</span></a> The association between the presence of allergy&#47;asthma in parents and family members may have its origin in the concern for children&#39;s health&#44; since among the long-term benefits of breastfeeding is protection against asthma and eczema&#44; especially in low-income countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the delivery and birth characteristics&#44; although type of delivery was evaluated in nine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27&#44;28&#44;34&#8211;38&#44;42</span></a> of the 19 selected studies&#44; only one study demonstrated that vaginal delivery was a protection factor for maintenance of BF for 12 months or more&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> In turn&#44; several studies documented the association between cesarean-section delivery and early weaning&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#8211;53</span></a> This apparent discrepancy is not surprising&#44; since it appears reasonable that cesarean sections negatively interfere with BF at the beginning of the process and not with its maintenance for a prolonged period of time&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the factors classified as proximal&#44; the absence of maternal exposure to smoking was the individual variable with the second highest number of evaluations &#40;11&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;30&#44;32&#8211;34&#44;37&#44;42</span></a> and associations &#40;six&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32&#44;33&#44;37&#44;42</span></a> Such association may be due to the negative interference of nicotine in breast milk production&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> as well as the profile of smoking women&#44; less favorable to the maintenance of BF for a longer period of time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;41&#44;43</span></a> of 14 evaluations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27&#44;29&#44;32&#44;34&#8211;36&#44;38&#44;39&#44;41&#8211;43</span></a> that assessed maternal work showed an association between this variable and duration of breastfeeding&#46; Studies carried out in the United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and Iran<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> found that mothers working outside the home were less likely to maintain breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#46; A study carried out in East Timor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> showed the opposite&#44; that is&#44; working mothers were more likely to breastfeed their children aged 12 months&#46; This is an association that deserves to be investigated&#44; since maternal work outside the home can be expected to negatively interfere in breastfeeding maintenance due to the supposed physical separation between mother and child&#46; It is possible that maternal work is more informal in East Timor&#44; allowing women to take their children to work&#44; thus favoring the maintenance of breastfeeding&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;29</span></a> of the three studies that explored the association between pacifier use and maintenance of breastfeeding described longer BF duration among children who did not use this object&#46; It has been well documented that pacifier use is strongly associated with early weaning and interruption of exclusive breastfeeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;55</span></a> This review showed that pacifier use also negatively interferes with BF maintenance for at least 12 months&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two studies investigated the interference of the mother&#39;s cohabitation with the child&#39;s father on the duration of BF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> It has been previously reported that cohabitation with the child&#39;s father is a protective factor against early weaning&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> However&#44; in the study conducted in Brazil&#44; the mother&#39;s cohabitation with her partner&#47;child&#39;s father was a risk factor for the maintenance of breastfeeding for 2 years or more&#46; This discrepancy raises the hypothesis that fathers initially encourage breastfeeding&#44; but that&#44; after some time&#44; due to lack of knowledge about the recommendation of breastfeeding duration for 2 years or more or for another reason&#44; they discourage the practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> It has been reported that some fathers feel that breastfeeding is harmful to breasts&#59; interferes with the relationship between the father and the child&#59; interferes with the couple&#39;s relationship&#44; including sexual intercourse&#59; and causes feelings of exclusion&#44; abandonment&#44; and jealousy&#44; among others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> Additionally&#44; cohabitation with the husband&#47;partner may result in more workload for the woman&#44; especially if he does not share household chores with her&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the factors classified as contextual&#44; the association between region of residence and breastfeeding for 12 months or more was investigated in 14 studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;30&#8211;33&#44;36&#44;39&#8211;43</span></a> and nine associations were found&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;30&#44;31&#44;33&#44;36&#44;41&#44;43</span></a> In three studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;33&#44;43</span></a> two of them carried out in high-income countries&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;43</span></a> living in an urban&#47;metropolitan area was a protection factor for BF maintenance for 12 months or more&#46; However&#44; in three other studies carried out in Brazil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Iran&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> and Sri Lanka&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> middle-income countries&#44; living in urban areas was characterized as a risk factor for long-term BF&#46; This discrepancy between the results can be explained by cultural differences&#46; The fact that three studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;30&#44;37</span></a> observed that being an immigrant favored the increased duration of breastfeeding corroborates this hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present review has the merit of being a comprehensive study&#44; including studies from different countries with different methodological approaches&#44; in addition to having organized the factors described in the literature as associated with longer BF duration in hierarchical levels&#44; facilitating the understanding of the characteristics involved in the maintenance of breastfeeding for at least 12 months&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conversely&#44; the geographical heterogeneity of the studies included in the review may be a limitation to the applicability of the present results&#44; as the risk factors and protection factors may vary according to the individual and environmental characteristics of the different population groups&#46; The methodological limitations of some studies&#44; including not using multivariate models for data analysis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;31&#44;38&#44;40</span></a> may also have impaired some results&#46; Moreover&#44; several factors associated with BF maintenance were tested in only one study&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more is strongly influenced by contextual factors and some maternal sociodemographic characteristics&#46; Factors related to prenatal care&#44; delivery&#44; and the postpartum period also influence the assessed outcome&#44; but to a lesser degree&#46; It is evident that the determinants of breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or longer may differ between populations&#44; as well as the magnitude of associations&#46; Therefore&#44; it is necessary to know the several factors associated with continued breastfeeding in different sociocultural contexts&#44; so that interventions can be performed in the modifiable variables&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nonetheless&#44; some factors were associated with maintenance of breastfeeding in almost all the assessed places&#44; such as the mother&#39;s older age&#44; greater number of children&#44; higher level of education&#44; and non use of pacifiers by the child&#46; Thus&#44; the hierarchical theoretical model constructed with the results of this review&#44; which describes the previously explored factors and those associated with BF maintenance&#44; may guide future studies aimed at exploring the facilitators and obstacles to continued breastfeeding in different contexts&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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              "titulo" => "Fontes de dados"
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              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "S&#237;ntese dos dados"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-04-21"
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            0 => "Review"
            1 => "Breast feeding"
            2 => "Epidemiologic factors"
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          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Revis&#227;o"
            1 => "Aleitamento materno"
            2 => "Fatores epidemiol&#243;gicos"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Synthesize the information about the factors associated with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Data source</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed&#47;Medline&#44; Scielo&#44; and Lilacs databases&#44; including articles published in Portuguese or English since 2004 on the factors associated with breastfeeding maintenance for at least 12 months&#59; review articles and those with qualitative design were excluded&#46; The factors were organized into four levels&#44; according to the chronological proximity to the outcome&#58; distal&#44; distal intermediate&#44; proximal intermediate&#44; and proximal&#59; nationality and place&#47;area of residence were considered contextual factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Summary of data</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">1174 articles were identified&#44; of which 19 were included in this review&#44; comprising seven cohort studies and 12 cross-sectional studies&#46; A total of 39 of the 75 assessed factors were associated with the outcome at least once&#46; The factors with the highest percentages of associations with maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more&#44; considering the number of times they were tested were&#58; children whose parents are the caregivers &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; none type of maternal exposure to smoke &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#44; children and&#47;or parents are immigrants&#47;foreigners &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; live in urban areas &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; older maternal age &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#44; married women &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; higher level of maternal education &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; greater parity &#40;30&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and lower income &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The maintenance of breastfeeding for 12 months or more is associated with multiple factors&#44; emphasizing the contextual factors and those related to some maternal sociodemographic characteristics&#46; Associations differ in effect and magnitude between the different populations studied&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sintetizar as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os fatores associados &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o por 12 meses ou mais&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes de dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi conduzida revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica nas bases de dados Pubmed&#47;Medline&#44; Scielo e Lilacs&#44; incluindo artigos publicados em l&#237;ngua portuguesa ou inglesa desde 2004 versando sobre fatores associados &#224; amamenta&#231;&#227;o por&#44; no m&#237;nimo&#44; 12 meses&#46; Exclu&#237;ram-se artigos de revis&#227;o e com delineamento qualitativo&#46; Os fatores foram organizados em quatro n&#237;veis de acordo com a proximidade cronol&#243;gica com o desfecho&#58; distal&#44; intermedi&#225;rio distal&#44; intermedi&#225;rio proximal e proximal&#59; nacionalidade e local&#47;&#225;rea de resid&#234;ncia foram considerados fatores contextuais&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">S&#237;ntese dos dados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificaram-se 1&#46;174 artigos&#44; dos quais 19 foram selecionados para revis&#227;o&#44; sendo sete estudos de coorte e 12 transversais&#46; Dos 75 fatores explorados&#44; 39 mostraram-se associados ao desfecho ao menos uma vez&#46; Os fatores com os maiores percentuais de associa&#231;&#245;es com a manuten&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o por 12 meses ou mais&#44; considerando o n&#250;mero de vezes que foram testados&#44; foram&#58; filhos terem os pais como cuidadores &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; nenhum tipo de exposi&#231;&#227;o materna ao fumo &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#44; crian&#231;as e&#47;ou pais serem imigrantes&#47;estrangeiros &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; morar em zona urbana &#40;42&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; maior idade materna &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#44; m&#227;e ser casada &#40;37&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; maior escolaridade materna &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; maior n&#250;mero de filhos &#40;30&#44;8&#37;&#41; e menor renda familiar &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A manuten&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o por 12 meses ou mais est&#225; associada a m&#250;ltiplos fatores&#44; com destaque para os fatores contextuais e os relacionados a algumas caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas das m&#227;es&#46; As associa&#231;&#245;es diferem em efeito e magnitude entre as diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Please cite this article as&#58; Santana GS&#44; Giugliani ER&#44; Vieira TO&#44; Vieira GO&#46; Factors associated with breastfeeding maintenance for 12 months or more&#58; a systematic review&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2018&#59;94&#58;104&#8211;122</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Study inclusion and exclusion flowchart for the systematic review of factors associated with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805;12 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hierarchical theoretical model of the variables evaluated for possible association with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805;12 months of age&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>Variable &#40;number of evaluations of the association with outcome&#47;number of associations with outcome&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">First author&#44; year of publication&#44; study country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Population&#47;sample &#40;No&#46; of assessed mother-baby pairs&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Outcome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factors associated to outcome &#40;association measure&#47;95&#37; CI&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factors not associated with the outcome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evidence quality score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laterra A&#44; 2014&#44; Haiti<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers aged &#8805;18 years and children aged &#8804;2 years from four Haitian departments&#47;administrative divisions&#47;310&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF 20&#8211;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Area of residence &#40;urban or rural&#41;Region of residenceMaternal ageParityMaternal level of schoolingAnnual family incomePlace of last childbirthBirth attended by health professionalMaternal workMaternal workload outside the homeAge of the youngest child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yal&#231;in SS&#44; 2014&#44; Turkey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-basedCross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children 12&#8211;35 months of age living with their mothers&#47;1666&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal age 30&#8211;34 years at the child&#39;s birth &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;94&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;13&#8211;3&#46;32&#41; when compared to mothers &#60;19 yearsHigher order of birth &#40;&#8805;5th&#41; of the child associated with a longer interval between deliveries &#40;&#8805;24 months&#41; &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;20&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;30&#8211;3&#46;72&#41;Wedding with religious ceremony &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;54&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;06&#8211;6&#46;07&#41;Passive maternal exposure to tobacco &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;56&#8211;0&#46;95&#41; when compared to non-smoking mothersMother who smoked &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;45&#8211;0&#46;83&#41; when compared to non-smoking mothersOverweight mother &#40;BMI 25&#8211;29&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;31&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;02&#8211;1&#46;68&#41;Not using any contraceptive method &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;52&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;37&#8211;0&#46;71&#41; when compared to traditional methodsUsing modern non-hormonal contraceptive methods &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;59&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;45&#8211;0&#46;77&#41; when compared to traditional methodsUsing hormonal contraceptives &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;47&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;30&#8211;0&#46;75&#41; when compared to traditional methodsBottle-fed child &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;36&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;29&#8211;0&#46;45&#41;Exclusively breastfed infant in the first 3 days of life &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;16&#8211;1&#46;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Place of residenceRegion of residenceBirth orderBirth intervalFamily with 6 or more membersMaternal educationHaving a dowry at the weddingFamily constitutionPaternal agePaternal educationFamily incomeHaving health insuranceNumber of prenatal visitsType of birthPlace of birthBeginning of breastfeeding within the first hour of lifeWeight at birthChild&#39;s genderMaternal workAge of child &#40;12&#8211;23 months versus 24&#8211;36 months&#41;Weight&#47;age of childHeight&#47;age of childWeight&#47;height of the childBMI&#47;age of child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hure AJ&#44; 2013&#44; Australia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-based cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers aged 30&#8211;36 years&#47;9773&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months and &#8805;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">12 months</span>&#58;Older maternal age at delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher order of birth of the child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher maternal level of schooling&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Mother is married &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Full-term child and&#47;or with adequate birth weight &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Lower level of maternal concern related to money &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">24 months&#58;</span>Older maternal age at delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher order of birth of the child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Higher maternal level of schooling &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Mother is single &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Place of residence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">dos S Neto ET&#44; 2013&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children and mothers residing in two areas covered by the Family Health Strategy of the Unified Health System in the municipality of Vit&#243;ria&#44; ES&#47;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Older maternal age &#40;&#62;35 years&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;Did not start pacifier suction in the 1st month of life &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41;Did not start artificial feeding in the 1st month of life &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Number of children born aliveNumber of siblings from the same motherNumber of children under 5 in the houseInterbirth intervalNumber of individuals living in the same houseMaternal level of schoolingMaternal marital statusMarital stabilityPaternal occupationMonthly family incomeHouse finishingNumber of rooms in the houseMaternal occupationChild started using pacifier before the third month of lifeChild started using pacifier before the sixth month of lifeChild was bottle-fedChild received formula before the sixth month of life&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Al-Kohji S&#44; 2012&#44; Qatar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Arab mothers and children under 24 months attending a Primary Health Care Center&#47;770&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NationalityMaternal ageParityMaternal level of schoolingMonthly family incomeReceiving guidance about infant feeding during prenatal careMother received formula ads during prenatal careType of birthPlace of delivery &#40;type of hospital&#41;Rooming-inEasy access to get support for feeding problems after childbirthMother received formula ads before dischargeMeaning of exclusive breastfeeding for mothersMaternal opinion on the appropriate position for breastfeedingChild&#39;s genderMaternal occupationPlanned feeding method for the childBreastfeeding on demand&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bertino E&#44; 2012&#44; Italy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in a hospital in Turin&#44; and their mothers&#47;562&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High score of the maternal attitude toward breastfeeding &#40;mothers favorable to breastfeeding compared with those favorable to using formula to feed their children&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal nationalityParityMaternal level of schoolingType of birthRooming-in practiceMaternal employment situationMaternal smoking before pregnancyMaternal smoking during pregnancyPaternal smoking during pregnancyMaternal BMIChild uses pacifier&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Langellier BA&#44; 2012&#44; United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers and children participating in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman&#44; Infants and Children &#40;WIC&#41;&#47;4725&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 or &#8805;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">12 months&#58;</span>Foreign mother &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;86&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;41&#8211;2&#46;43&#41;Interview carried out in Spanish &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;50&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;14&#8211;1&#46;47&#41;Mother intends to breastfeed &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;80&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 2&#46;05&#8211;3&#46;8&#41;Non-exclusive breastfeeding at the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;52&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 2&#46;75&#8211;4&#46;51&#41; when compared with non-breastfeedingExclusive breastfeeding in the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;04&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 6&#46;17&#8211;10&#46;49&#41; when compared to non-breastfeedingMother resides with the child&#39;s father &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;31&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;06&#8211;1&#46;61&#41;Maternal return to work up to three months postpartum &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;63&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;45&#8211;0&#46;8&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome</span> &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">24 months&#58;</span>Interview carried out in Spanish &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;89&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;10&#8211;3&#46;25&#41;Mother intends to breastfeed &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;07&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;15&#8211;3&#46;75&#41;Non-exclusive breastfeeding at the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;72&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;64&#8211;4&#46;50&#41; when compared to non-breastfeedingExclusive breastfeeding at the maternity hospital &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;72&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 3&#46;44&#8211;9&#46;52&#41; when compared to non-breastfeedingMaternal return to work up to three months postpartum &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;49&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;28&#8211;0&#46;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageMaternal level of schoolingMaternal ethnicityChild receiving formula at the hospitalParticipation in the WICChild&#39;s genderAge of child&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Martins EJ&#44; 2012&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in a hospital in Porto Alegre&#44; RS and their mothers&#47;151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mother living with the child&#39;s father &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;37&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;Mother staying at home with the child in the first 6 months of life &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;13&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;12&#8211;4&#46;05&#41;Child not using a pacifier &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;58&#8211;3&#46;81&#41;Delay the introduction of water and&#47;or teas to the child&#39;s diet &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;005&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;001&#8211;1&#46;009&#41;Delay the introduction of other types of milk to the child&#39;s diet &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;001&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;001&#8211;1&#46;002&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageParityMaternal level of schoolingMother&#39;s skin color&#47;ethnicityTime of breastfeeding of previous childrenReceive guidance about BF in prenatal careNumber of prenatal visitsType of birthChild received formula at the maternity hospitalChild&#39;s genderMother lives with her mother-in-law&#46;Maternal smoking during pregnancyAge at which child started receiving solid&#47;semi-solid foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Senarath U&#44; 2012&#44; Sri Lanka<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers aged 15&#8211;49 with children up to 24 months of age&#47;2735&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Living in rural areas compared to tea-producing properties &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Not residing in the Central Province compared to the West Province &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Vaginal delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Receiving at least one home visit by postpartum health workers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageChild&#39;s birth orderBirth interval between the two last birthsMaternal level of schoolingMaternal marital statusPaternal level of schoolingFamily incomeNumber of prenatal visits in clinicsReceiving home visits by health workers during pregnancyPlace of deliveryBirth weightChild&#39;s genderMaternal occupationMaternal BMIMaternal participation in family decisions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dem&#233;trio F&#44; 2012&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in public maternity hospitals in the municipalities of Laje and Mutu&#237;pe&#44; BA&#47;531&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in the rural area &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother received prenatal care &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageMaternal level of schoolingSkin colorHousing status indexType of birthBirth weightChild&#39;s genderGestation timeMaternal work outside the home after childbirthMaximum height of the motherPre-gestational maternal anthropometric statusPost-gestational maternal anthropometric status&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carletti C&#44; 2011&#44; Italy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born in a hospital in Trieste and their mothers&#47;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal age 30&#8211;34 years compared with mothers aged &#62;34 years &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;026&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal nationalityParityMaternal level of schoolingMaternal marital statusDuration of previous breastfeedingType of deliveryChild admitted at the hospital after birthChild&#39;s birth weightChild&#39;s birth lengthGestational ageChild had jaundice at birthChild had respiratory difficulty at birthMaternal occupationMaternal return to work&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kristiansen AL&#44; 2010&#44; Norway<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-based cohort&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">All children born in Norway from April 17 to May 8&#44; 2006&#47;1490&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Older maternal age &#40;25&#8211;34 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;99&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;13&#8211;3&#46;50&#47;&#8805;35 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;40&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;30&#8211;4&#46;44&#41; compared with mothers &#8804;24 yearsMother of a second child &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;75&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;57&#8211;0&#46;97&#41;Higher maternal schooling &#40;higher education &#8804;4 years&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;33&#59;95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;17&#8211;4&#46;65&#47;higher education &#62;4 years&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;81&#59; 95&#37;CI&#58; 1&#46;39&#8211;5&#46;66&#41; when compared to mothers with primary and secondary educationLower child&#39;s birth weight &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;39&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;21&#8211;0&#46;72&#41;Mother smoked during pregnancy &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;49&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;34&#8211;0&#46;71&#41;Child has a caregiver other than the parents &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;64&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;50&#8211;0&#46;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Geographical region of residenceMaternal marital statusPaternal level of schoolingFamily history of asthma&#47;allergyMaternal occupation at the child&#39;s birthMaternal occupation at 12 months of the child&#39;s lifeMother smoking at 6 months of the child&#39;s life&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Wallby T&#44; 2009&#44; Sweden<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children born between 1997 and 2001 living in the city of Uppsala&#47;12&#46;197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Non-Swedish mother &#40;from Eastern Europe and Balkan countries&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;63&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;29&#8211;2&#46;06&#47;from Africa&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;14&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;73&#8211;2&#46;64&#47;from the Middle East&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;73&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;49&#8211;2&#46;01&#47;from South and East Asia&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;72&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;38&#8211;2&#46;15&#41;Lower family income &#40;Quartile 1&#58; aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;24&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;10&#8211;1&#46;39&#41;Smoking mother &#40;aHR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;70&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;61&#8211;0&#46;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Type of delivery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Senarath U&#44; 2007&#44; East Timor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children aged 0&#8211;23 months living in urban and rural areas of the study country&#44; selected from a population sample of a study carried out in 2003&#47;2162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&#44; but only for the outcome BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months or &#8805;24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome &#8805;12 months</span>&#58;Home delivery &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Mothers who worked in the 12 months prior to the interview &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Younger age of the child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcome &#8805;24 months&#58;</span>Not residing in the eastern rural area &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;Living in the mountains &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;Mother aged &#60;35 years old &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Number of children &#60;4 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Being illiterate or having attended only elementary school &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;Not belonging to the wealthiest social stratum &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Child&#39;s gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Singh GK&#44; 2007&#44; United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Population-based cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children younger than 6 years&#47;33&#44;121&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in a metropolitan region &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Children born in the United States&#44; to immigrant parents&#44; compared to US children born to American parents &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;White&#44; non-Hispanic mothers compared with non-Hispanic Black mothers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Family composition&#58; not being the child of a single mother and not being the child of adoptive parents when compared to the children of biological parents &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Parents&#8217; level of schooling &#8805; 13 years &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Female child &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;High level of family or social support &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Not having a smoker at home &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Safety in the home districtChild&#39;s birth orderLevel of family povertyMaternal physical health statusMaternal emotional health statusMaternal physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carrascoza KC&#44; 2005&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children from a dental care center for special patients and their mothers&#47;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Older maternal age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0331&#41;Higher number of children &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0175&#41;Mother is married &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0078&#41;Lower socioeconomic class &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother had previous experience with breastfeeding &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0058&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mother received guidance on breastfeeding during pregnancyMother&#39;s intention to breastfeed during pregnancyType of delivery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hajian-Tilaki KO&#44; 2005&#44; Iran<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mothers of children aged 12&#8211;24 months&#47;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Living in rural areas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Greater parity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Higher maternal schooling &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother did not work outside the home &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Lower maternal stress level &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maternal ageChild&#39;s gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Li R&#44; 2005&#44; United States<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children aged 19&#8211;35 months who participated in the National Immunization Survey of 2002&#47;3507&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in the Pacific region &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Older maternal age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Higher maternal schooling &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother is married &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;White non-Hispanic mother &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;Mother&#47;child not participating in the WIC program &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; for mothers and children in the first year of lifeChild did not have a nanny at 6 months &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Child&#39;s birth orderPoverty levelChild&#39;s Gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lande B&#44; 2004&#44; Norway<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12-month-old children born to Norwegian mothers or mothers from another Scandinavian country&#47;1932&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BF at 12 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residing in a place with a higher degree of urbanization &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;34&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;04&#8211;1&#46;72&#41;Older maternal age &#40;25&#8211;34 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;45&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;03&#8211;2&#46;05&#47;&#8805;35 years old&#58; aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;36&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;58&#8211;3&#46;51&#41; when compared with mothers aged &#60;25 yearsHigher maternal level of schooling &#40;&#8805;13 years&#41; &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;48&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;63&#8211;3&#46;77&#41;Presence of allergy&#47;asthma among family members &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;40&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;14&#8211;1&#46;71&#41;Mother smoking at six months of child&#39;s life &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;44&#8211;0&#46;74&#41;Child does not have a baby-sitter &#40;aOR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;43&#44; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;15&#8211;1&#46;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Child&#39;s gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab2429056.png"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Variables with significant values of OR or HR greater than 1&#46;00 indicate a greater chance of breastfeeding maintenance&#44; and OR or HR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;00 indicate a lower chance&#46;</p>"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Adapted from Parry et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and Taylor et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Main characteristics of the selected studies for a systematic review of factors associated with maintenance of breastfeeding for &#8805; 12 months in descending order of year of publication&#46;</p>"
        ]
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    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:56 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "editorial" => "World Health Organization"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Why invest&#44; and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46;C&#46; Rollins"
                            1 => "N&#46; Bhandari"
                            2 => "N&#46; Hajeebhoy"
                            3 => "S&#46; Horton"
                            4 => "C&#46;K&#46; Lutter"
                            5 => "J&#46;C&#46; Martines"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "387"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869576"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association between breastfeeding and intelligence&#44; educational attainment&#44; and income at 30 years of age&#58; a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;G&#46; Victora"
                            1 => "B&#46;L&#46; Horta"
                            2 => "C&#46;L&#46; de Mola"
                            3 => "L&#46; Quevedo"
                            4 => "R&#46;T&#46; Pinheiro"
                            5 => "D&#46;P&#46; Gigante"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70002-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Glob Health"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25794674"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Breastfeeding in the 21st century&#58; epidemiology&#44; mechanisms&#44; and lifelong effect"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;G&#46; Victora"
                            1 => "R&#46; Bahl"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Barros"
                            3 => "G&#46;V&#46; Fran&#231;a"
                            4 => "S&#46; Horton"
                            5 => "J&#46; Krasevec"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "387"
                        "paginaInicial" => "475"
                        "paginaFinal" => "490"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869575"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Sankar"
                            1 => "B&#46; Sinha"
                            2 => "R&#46; Chowdhury"
                            3 => "N&#46; Bhandari"
                            4 => "S&#46; Taneja"
                            5 => "J&#46; Martines"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/apa.13147"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                          0 => array:2 [
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol&#44; obesity&#44; systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46;L&#46; Horta"
                            1 => "C&#46; Loret de Mola"
                            2 => "C&#46;G&#46; Victora"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/apa.13133"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "30"
                        "paginaFinal" => "37"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26192560"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inverse association of overweight and breast feeding in 9&#8211;10-year-old children in Germany"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Liese"
                            1 => "T&#46; Hirsch"
                            2 => "E&#46; von Mutius"
                            3 => "U&#46; Keil"
                            4 => "W&#46; Leupold"
                            5 => "S&#46;K&#46; Weiland"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sj.ijo.0801800"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
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                    ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Breast-feeding history and overweight in 11&#8211;13-year-old children in Iran"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Fallahzadeh"
                            1 => "M&#46; Golestan"
                            2 => "T&#46; Rezvanian"
                            3 => "Z&#46; Ghasemian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s12519-009-0006-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "36"
                        "paginaFinal" => "41"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172330"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight&#58; a meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Harder"
                            1 => "R&#46; Bergmann"
                            2 => "G&#46; Kallischnigg"
                            3 => "A&#46; Plagemann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/aje/kwi222"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "397"
                        "paginaFinal" => "403"
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Article information
ISSN: 00217557
Original language: English
DOI:10.1016/j.jped.2017.06.013
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