Effect of preterm birth on motor development, behavior, and school performance of school-age children: a systematic review

Moreira, Rafaela S.; Magalhães, Lívia C.; Alves, Claudia R.L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.05.009

Article information

Abstract

Objectives

to examine and synthesize the available knowledge in the literature about the effects of preterm birth on the development of school-age children.

Sources

this was a systematic review of studies published in the past ten years indexed in MEDLINE/Pubmed, MEDLINE/BVS; LILACS/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycNET in three languages (Portuguese, Spanish, and English). Observational and experimental studies that assessed motor development and/or behavior and/or academic performance and whose target-population consisted of preterm children aged 8 to 10 years were included. Article quality was assessed by the Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scales; articles that did not achieve a score of 80% or more were excluded.

Summary of findings

of findings the electronic search identified 3,153 articles, of which 33 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Only four studies found no effect of prematurity on the outcomes (two articles on behavior, one on motor performance and one on academic performance). Among the outcomes of interest, behavior was the most searched (20 articles, 61%), followed by academic performance (16 articles, 48%) and motor impairment (11 articles, 33%).

Conclusion

premature infants are more susceptible to motor development, behavior and academic performance impairment when compared to term infants. These types of impairments, whose effects are manifested in the long term, can be prevented through early parental guidance, monitoring by specialized professionals, and interventions.

Keywords:

Premature birth

Dexterity

Behavior

Learning disorders

Resumo

Objetivos

examinar e sintetizar o conhecimento da literatura sobre os efeitos do nasci- mento prematuro no desenvolvimento de crianças em idade escolar.

Fontes de dados

revisão sistemática de estudos dos últimos 10 anos indexados nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed; Medline/BVS; Lilacs/BVS; IBECS/BVS; Cochrane/BVS; Cinahl; Web of Science; Scopus e PsycNET, em três línguas (português, espanhol e inglês). Foram incluí- dos estudos observacionais e experimentais que avaliaram o desenvolvimento motor e/ou comportamento e/ou desempenho escolar e que tinham como população-alvo crianças prematuras na faixa etária de oito a 10 anos. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada pelas escalas STROBE e PEDro e utilizou-se ainda, como critério de exclusão, artigos que não atingissem uma pontuação correspondente a 80% ou mais nos itens das referidas escalas.

Síntese de dados

a busca eletrônica identificou 3.153 artigos, sendo que 33 foram incluídos a partir dos critérios de elegibilidade. Apenas quatro estudos não encontraram qualquer efeito da prematuridade sobre os desfechos pesquisados (dois artigos sobre o comportamento, um sobre desempenho motor e um sobre desempenho escolar). Dentre os desfechos de interesse, o comportamento foi o mais pesquisado (20 artigos/61%) seguido do desempenho escolar (16/48%) e dos problemas motores (11/33%).

Conclusão

crianças prematuras são mais susceptíveis a prejuízos no desenvolvimento nas áreas motoras, de comportamento e de desempenho escolar em longo prazo quando comparadas a crianças nascidas a termo. Portanto, esses diferentes tipos de agravos, cujos efeitos se manifestam, em longo prazo, podem ser prevenidos precocemente através de orientação dos pais, acompanhamento dos profissionais especializados e intervenção.

Palavras-chave:

Nascimento prematuro

Destreza motora

Comportamento

Transtornos de aprendizagem

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☆

Como citar este artigo: Moreira RS, Magalhães LC, Alves CR. Effect of preterm birth on motor development, behavior, and school performance of school-age children: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:119-34.

☆☆

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

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