Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma

Gonzalez-Barcala, Francisco-Javier; Pertega, Sonia; Sampedro, Manuel; Lastres, Juan Sanchez; Gonzalez, Miguel Angel San Jose; Bamonde, Luis; Garnelo, Luciano; Castro, Teresa Perez; Valdés-Cuadrado, Luis; Carreira, Jose-M.; Moure, Jose-D.; Silvarrey, Angel Lopez

doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2012.11.009

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Abstract

Objetive

To evaluate the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of the child- hood population in this community and its relationship with asthma symptoms.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire on children and adolescents in this community. The symptoms “wheezing ever”, “current asthma”, “severe asthma”, and “exercise-induced asthma” were defined by this questionnaire. Parental smoking was classified into four mutually exclusive categories: 1) no parent smokes; 2) only the mother smokes; 3) only the father smokes; and 4) both parents smoke. The odds ratio of the prevalence of asthma symptoms according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 10,314 children and 10,453 adolescents were included. Over 51% of the children and adolescents were exposed to ETS at home. ETS is associated with a hig- her prevalence of asthma symptoms, particularly if the mother or both parents smoke.

Conclusion

The prevalence of ETS is still high in this community, although there has been a decreasing tendency in the last 15 years. ETS is associated with higher prevalence of asthma.

Palavras chave:

Fumaça de cigarro no ambiente

Asma

Crianças

Adolescentes

Keywords:

Environmental tobacco smoke

Asthma

Children

Adolescents

Resumo

Objetivo

Avaliar a exposição da população infantil à FCA em nossa comunidade e sua relação com os sintomas de asma.

Métodos

Foi realizado um estudo transversal usando o questionário de estudo ISAAC em crianças e adolescentes da nossa comunidade. Pelo questionário, fez-se a definição por “já ocorreu sibilância”, “asma atual”, “asma grave” e “asma induzida pelo exercício”. O tabagismo parental foi classificado em quatro categorias mutuamente excludentes: 1) nenhum dos pais fuma; 2) somente a mãe fuma; 3) somente o pai fuma; e 4) ambos os pais fumam. Calculou-se a odds ratio da prevalência de sintomas de asma, de acordo com a exposição à FCA, usando regressão logística.

Resultados

Foram incluídas, no total, 10.314 crianças e 10.453 adolescentes. Mais de 51% das crianças e adolescentes foram expostos à FCA em casa. A FCA se associa a uma prevalência mais alta de sintomas de asma, particularmente se a mãe ou ambos os pais fumam.

Conclusões

A prevalência da FCA continua a ser alta em nossa comunidade, embora com uma tendência para diminuição nos últimos 15 anos. A FCA se associa a uma prevalência mais alta de asma.

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☆

Como citar este artigo: Barcala FJ, Pertega S, Sampedro M, Lastres JS, Gonzalez MA, Bamonde L, et al. Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013;89:294-299.

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