To review world prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents, and discuss the importance of prevention through the control of possible determinant factors. Methods: Review of the literature and analysis of eleven possible determinant factors, focusing on their experimental design and internal and external validity. Results and conclusions: Central body fat pattern seems to be a risk factor, while increased heart rate and initial levels of blood pressure in the highest percentiles may be true markers of future hypertension. Social class, biological maturation, race, sodium intake and genetic factors have not yet been validated in unbiased studies.
MethodsReview of the literature and analysis of eleven possible determinant factors, focusing on their experimental design and internal and external validity. Results and conclusions: Central body fat pattern seems to be a risk factor, while increased heart rate and initial levels of blood pressure in the highest percentiles may be true markers of future hypertension. Social class, biological maturation, race, sodium intake and genetic factors have not yet been validated in unbiased studies.
Results and conclusionsCentral body fat pattern seems to be a risk factor, while increased heart rate and initial levels of blood pressure in the highest percentiles may be true markers of future hypertension. Social class, biological maturation, race, sodium intake and genetic factors have not yet been validated in unbiased studies.
Revisar a prevalência mundial de hipertensão arterial na infância e na adolescência e discutir a importância de sua prevenção através do controle de seus fatores determinantes.
MétodosOnze fatores, possivelmente envolvidos, são analisados através de revisão criteriosa da literatura, levando em consideração, em cada estudo, seu delineamento e sua validade interna e externa.
Resultados e conclusõesDeposição central de gordura parece comportar-se como verdadeiro fator de risco, enquanto freqüência cardíaca elevada e níveis iniciais de pressão arterial nos percentis mais elevados podem ser úteis como marcadores de futura hipertensão. Os demais fatores estudados ainda carecem de validação que comprove sua associação com pressão arterial nessa faixa etária: estado sócio-econômico, maturação biológica, raça, ingestão de sal e fatores genético-ambientais.