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inclusive uma coorte de 131 pacientes com FC de todas as idades&#58; com o uso de um novo question&#225;rio espec&#237;fico de FC &#40;CFAbd&#8208;Score&#41; para identifica&#231;&#227;o e quantifica&#231;&#227;o das queixas abdominais multiorg&#226;nicas&#44; foi constatado que 80&#37; dos pacientes tinham apresentado dor abdominal e flatul&#234;ncia nos tr&#234;s meses anteriores&#46; Cerca de 50&#37; relataram dor durante a evacua&#231;&#227;o e fezes endurecidas e 30&#37; foram identificados com constipa&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A constipa&#231;&#227;o foi verificada como prevalente em todas as revis&#245;es sobre manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais em pacientes com FC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;11</span></a> Assim&#44; o diagn&#243;stico de constipa&#231;&#227;o foi mencionado por merecer aten&#231;&#227;o&#44; pois pode ser um sintoma &#250;nico ou&#44; da mesma forma&#44; pode ser um antecedente para o desenvolvimento da condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica de uma s&#237;ndrome de obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal distal &#40;DIOS&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">distal intestinal obstruction syndrome</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11</span></a> Devido &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia simult&#226;nea de constipa&#231;&#227;o e DIOS em pacientes com FC e semelhan&#231;a com seus sintomas&#44; em 2010&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology&#44; and Nutrition</span> &#40;ESPGHAN&#41; prop&#244;s uma defini&#231;&#227;o consensual para cada uma dessas morbidades&#46; Constipa&#231;&#227;o foi definida como a presen&#231;a de dor e&#47;ou distens&#227;o abdominal ou diminui&#231;&#227;o da frequ&#234;ncia de movimentos intestinais espont&#226;neos ou aumento de consist&#234;ncia das fezes com dura&#231;&#227;o de algumas semanas a meses&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; qualquer um dos sintomas mencionados deve ser aliviado pelo uso de laxantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> A defini&#231;&#227;o de DIOS completa inclu&#237;a &#40;1&#41; obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal completa&#44; reconhecida pelo v&#244;mito de material bilioso e&#47;ou radiografia abdominal que mostrasse l&#237;quido no intestino delgado e &#40;2&#41; massa fecal no &#237;leo&#8208;ceco e &#40;3&#41; dor ou distens&#227;o abdominal ou ambos&#46; A defini&#231;&#227;o de DIOS incompleta inclu&#237;a &#40;1&#41; uma hist&#243;ria de curto prazo &#40;dias&#41; de dor ou distens&#227;o abdominal ou ambas e &#40;2&#41; uma massa fecal no &#237;leo&#8208;ceco&#44; aus&#234;ncia de sinais que indicassem obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar da import&#226;ncia dedut&#237;vel da constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC&#44; esse assunto n&#227;o recebeu aten&#231;&#227;o adequada e dados sistematicamente verificados sobre a preval&#234;ncia&#44; fisiopatologia e tratamento dessa condi&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o escassos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura em busca de dados sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC&#44; o que justifica a necessidade de apoiar os profissionais na tomada de decis&#227;o diagn&#243;stica e na investiga&#231;&#227;o durante o atendimento a esses pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta pesquisa envolveu uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da literatura com base no m&#233;todo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses</span> &#40;PRISMA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> com uma cuidadosa sele&#231;&#227;o de artigos sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC&#44; inclusive todas as faixas et&#225;rias&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quinze fontes de informa&#231;&#227;o foram selecionadas para identificar os artigos&#44; entre bancos de dados e recursos de informa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de&#58; CADTH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health</span> &#91;<a href="https://www.cadth.ca/]">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cadth&#46;ca&#47;&#93;</a>&#41;&#44; CINAHL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complete</span> &#40;<a href="https://www.ebscohost.com/nursing/products/cinahl-databases/cinahl-complete">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ebscohost&#46;com&#47;nursing&#47;products&#47;cinahl&#8208;databases&#47;cinahl&#8208;complete</a>&#41;&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ClinicalTrials</span> US NIH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A service of the US National Institutes of Health</span> &#40;<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;clinicaltrials&#46;gov&#47;</a>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Library</span> &#40;<a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cochranelibrary&#46;com&#47;</a>&#41;&#44; Embase &#40;<a href="http://www.elsevier.com/embase">www&#46;elsevier&#46;com&#47;embase</a>&#41;&#44; Medline via Ovid &#40;<a href="http://ovid.com/site/catalog/databases/901.jsp">http&#58;&#47;&#47;ovid&#46;com&#47;site&#47;catalog&#47;databases&#47;901&#46;jsp</a>&#41;&#44; Scopus &#40;<a href="https://www.scopus.com/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;scopus&#46;com&#47;</a>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Web of Science</span> &#40;<a href="https://clarivate.com/products/web-of-science/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;clarivate&#46;com&#47;products&#47;web&#8208;of&#8208;science&#47;</a>&#41;&#44; PubMed &#40;<a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;pubmed&#46;gov</a>&#41;&#44; SciELO &#40;<a href="http://www.scielo.br/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;scielo&#46;br&#47;</a>&#41;&#44; Medline e Lilacs atrav&#233;s da Biblioteca Virtual em Sa&#250;de &#40;BVS&#41; &#40;<a href="https://bvsalud.org/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;bvsalud&#46;org</a>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health Systems Evidence</span> &#40;<a href="https://www.healthsystemsevidence.org/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;healthsystemsevidence&#46;org&#47;</a>&#41;&#44; PDQ <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Evidence</span> &#40;<a href="https://www.pdq-evidence.org/pt">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;pdq&#8208;evidence&#46;org&#47;pt</a>&#41;&#44; CRD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health</span> &#91;<a href="https://www.cadth.ca/]">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cadth&#46;ca&#47;&#93;</a>&#41;&#44; INAHTA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment</span> &#91;<a href="http://www.inahta.org/]">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;inahta&#46;org&#47;&#93;</a>&#41; e Pedro &#40;<a href="https://www.pedro.org.au/portuguese/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;pedro&#46;org&#46;au&#47;portuguese&#47;</a>&#41;&#46; Antes do in&#237;cio da pesquisa&#44; a exist&#234;ncia de uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica em um assunto semelhante foi consultada no banco de dados da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Library</span> &#40;<a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cochranelibrary&#46;com</a>&#41; e nenhum registro foi encontrado&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os descritores usados para elaborar as estrat&#233;gias de busca foram definidos pelos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medical Subjects Heading</span> &#40;MeSH&#41;&#44; produzidos pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Library of Medicine</span> dos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica &#40;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ncbi&#46;nlm&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;mesh</a>&#41; para publica&#231;&#245;es em ingl&#234;s e pelo DeCS&#58; Descritores em Sa&#250;de &#40;<a href="http://decs.bvs.br/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;decs&#46;bvs&#46;br&#47;</a>&#41; para publica&#231;&#245;es em portugu&#234;s&#46; Os descritores selecionados foram&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cystic fibrosis&#59; constipation&#59; defecation&#59; fecal impaction</span> &#8211; em ingl&#234;s&#59; e fibrose c&#237;stica&#59; constipa&#231;&#227;o&#59; defeca&#231;&#227;o&#59; impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal &#8211; em portugu&#234;s&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estrat&#233;gia de busca no portal de pesquisa PubMed est&#225; descrita no quadro 1&#46; A estrat&#233;gia de busca foi adaptada aos demais bancos de dados inclu&#237;dos na pesquisa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0040">material suplementar anexo 1</a>&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve limita&#231;&#227;o de per&#237;odo para a busca do artigo&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram&#58; pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de FC e estudos que relataram preval&#234;ncia&#47;incid&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes de todas as faixas et&#225;rias descritas na literatura&#46; A busca dos artigos foi feita de 22 a 25 de outubro de 2018&#46; Foram identificados 1&#46;118 artigos&#46; A sele&#231;&#227;o dos artigos identificados no banco de dados foi feita em quatro etapas e pode ser vista em detalhes na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na etapa inicial&#44; a identifica&#231;&#227;o do artigo foi feita atrav&#233;s de pesquisas que combinavam o descritor e os operadores booleanos nas bases de dados selecionadas com posterior identifica&#231;&#227;o e exclus&#227;o de artigos duplicados&#47;triplicados&#47;quadruplicados&#46; A remo&#231;&#227;o inicial de artigos duplicados foi feita via EndNote Web&#174;&#44; um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> gerenciador de refer&#234;ncias&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na etapa de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; os artigos foram exclu&#237;dos pelo t&#237;tulo e&#47;ou resumo&#44; com base nos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o mencionados&#46; Os t&#237;tulos e resumos foram lidos por dois avaliadores que decidiram pela inclus&#227;o daqueles com base em crit&#233;rios previamente definidos&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada avaliador optou independentemente por &#8220;inclus&#227;o&#8221; ou &#8220;exclus&#227;o&#8221; e os resultados discrepantes foram avaliados por consenso posterior entre os avaliadores&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na terceira etapa&#44; os artigos considerados eleg&#237;veis foram selecionados para leitura completa e posterior refinamento da sele&#231;&#227;o&#46; Na &#250;ltima etapa&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos oito artigos para a revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O n&#250;mero de estudos avaliados em todas as etapas da revis&#227;o &#233; mostrado no fluxograma da <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dados sobre preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC foram compilados em oito publica&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas&#46; Entretanto&#44; apenas dois desses artigos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> determinaram a preval&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o como objetivo principal&#46; Nos outros estudos&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o foi coletada juntamente com a preval&#234;ncia de outras manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais&#46; Os sintomas abdominais foram identificados em coortes&#44; inclusive adultos e crian&#231;as com FC&#44; e tamb&#233;m foram investigados em grupos espec&#237;ficos de pacientes com FC&#44; como aqueles com hist&#243;ria de DIOS e &#237;leo meconial&#46; Nos relatos que avaliaram diferentes queixas gastrointestinais&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o foi considerada relevante principalmente para seus principais diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais&#58; manifesta&#231;&#245;es intestinais obstrutivas&#58; DIOS e impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal aguda&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;15&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; uma alta taxa de condi&#231;&#245;es abdominais graves em pacientes com FC decorrentes de insufici&#234;ncia pancre&#225;tica &#233; evitada e contornada pela adequa&#231;&#227;o da terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; uma melhor aten&#231;&#227;o ao suporte nutricional e maior capacidade de controlar a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a pulmonar contribuem para a redu&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es abdominais&#46; Portanto&#44; o cen&#225;rio atual do tratamento de pacientes com FC indica a necessidade de estudar comorbidades que interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta revis&#227;o&#44; a maioria dos estudos avaliados avaliou a preval&#234;ncia de manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais sintom&#225;ticas na FC&#46; N&#227;o identificamos estudos cl&#237;nicos maiores e&#47;ou multic&#234;ntricos ou ensaios cl&#237;nicos com o objetivo principal de abordar sistematicamente a constipa&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os especialistas da ESPGHAN definiram condi&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas de consenso para o diagn&#243;stico de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com FC em 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> e apenas duas das seis publica&#231;&#245;es eleg&#237;veis publicadas posteriormente &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o da ESPGHAN declararam seguir as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;20</span></a> Um artigo&#44; o mais recente nesta sele&#231;&#227;o&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> definiu a constipa&#231;&#227;o de acordo com a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</span> &#40;CFF&#41; como a presen&#231;a de um grande volume de fezes espessas retidas no c&#243;lon&#46; Os achados das publica&#231;&#245;es eleg&#237;veis sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC variaram amplamente entre 10&#37; e 57&#37;&#46; As causas relevantes dessa diverg&#234;ncia devem ser devidas a diferentes defini&#231;&#245;es adotadas&#44; objetivos divergentes e crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade variados para incluir os casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos devem ser claramente definidos nos estudos de preval&#234;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> A constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; como entidade nosol&#243;gica&#44; &#233; definida pela presen&#231;a de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> No entanto&#44; entre a defini&#231;&#227;o proposta de sintomas necess&#225;rios para diagnosticar a constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; nenhuma defini&#231;&#227;o ou conjunto de crit&#233;rios proposto &#233; abrangente o suficiente para identificar todos os pacientes que sofrem dessa condi&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#46; A falta de uma defini&#231;&#227;o consensual e abrangente prejudica n&#227;o apenas a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; mas tamb&#233;m conclus&#245;es ou compara&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas e&#44; principalmente&#44; a inclus&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos em estudos cl&#237;nicos&#46; Em pacientes com FC&#44; as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas da constipa&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o pouco descritas&#46; Em geral&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o nesses pacientes &#233; referida como a base etiol&#243;gica da dor abdominal&#46; Enquanto a ESPGHAN definiu um conjunto de crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; Littlewood<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> descreveu a dor abdominal como um indicativo de reten&#231;&#227;o fecal col&#244;nica cr&#244;nica&#44; reconhec&#237;vel em radiografias abdominais&#44; e&#44; finalmente&#44; de acordo com a CFF&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o &#233; definida pela presen&#231;a de grandes volumes de fezes volumosas retidas nas c&#243;lon&#44; mesmo em pacientes cujos movimentos intestinais s&#227;o di&#225;rios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como a constipa&#231;&#227;o descomplicada parece ser muito comum em pacientes com FC e como existe uma suposta associa&#231;&#227;o de constipa&#231;&#227;o e DIOS&#44; bem como com impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal sintom&#225;tica aguda&#44; &#233; essencial o uso un&#226;nime de defini&#231;&#245;es consensuais&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dois dos artigos inclu&#237;dos nesta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica abordaram a preval&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o a fim de identificar circunst&#226;ncias desencadeantes dessa condi&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;21</span></a> Ooi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> registraram a frequ&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o de acordo com a temperatura nas esta&#231;&#245;es do ano&#46; Uma an&#225;lise retrospectiva que incluiu 12 anos revelou que as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com FC por constipa&#231;&#227;o eram significativamente mais frequentes em per&#237;odos com temperaturas elevadas&#46; A constipa&#231;&#227;o ocorreu mais frequentemente durante as esta&#231;&#245;es com temperatura m&#233;dia de 27&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o 6&#44;3&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com a esta&#231;&#227;o com temperatura m&#233;dia de 24&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;4&#44;1&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Isso indica que a fisiopatologia da constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC est&#225; associada &#224; desidrata&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que supostamente leva a um espessamento adicional do muco secretado pelas gl&#226;ndulas col&#244;nicas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; um seguimento de 15 anos de pacientes submetidos &#224; cirurgia no per&#237;odo neonatal revelou uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre constipa&#231;&#227;o e hist&#243;ria de &#237;leo meconial &#40;IM&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;038&#41;&#46; Pacientes com hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de IM exigiam mais frequentemente tratamento m&#233;dico para constipa&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com Littlewood&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> al&#233;m da hist&#243;ria e do exame f&#237;sico&#44; a radiografia abdominal seria &#250;til n&#227;o apenas para o diagn&#243;stico&#44; mas tamb&#233;m na avalia&#231;&#227;o do resultado terap&#234;utico&#46; As defini&#231;&#245;es da ESPGHAN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> e CFF<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> concordam com a presen&#231;a excessiva de reten&#231;&#227;o fecal no intestino grosso&#44; mas uma radiografia abdominal simples para diagnosticar e gerenciar constipa&#231;&#227;o e reten&#231;&#227;o fecal n&#227;o &#233; uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o consensual entre os autores&#46; Van der Doef et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> avaliaram uma s&#233;rie de 214 pacientes com FC&#44; identificaram 47&#37; de constipados&#46; Desses pacientes&#44; 106 foram submetidos a radiografias abdominais&#44; mas&#44; segundo os autores&#44; o estudo n&#227;o foi muito &#250;til para prosseguir com o tratamento&#44; por apresentar altas taxas de variabilidade inter e intraobservador para os escores de Barr e Leech&#44; que medem qualitativamente a reten&#231;&#227;o fecal&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; esse procedimento deve ser evitado na medida do poss&#237;vel&#44; pela exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o&#46; Estudos em pacientes com constipa&#231;&#227;o funcional &#40;CF&#41; apresentam pouca correla&#231;&#227;o entre sintomas cl&#237;nicos e impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal &#40;IF&#41; observados nas radiografias abdominais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> Na CF h&#225; evid&#234;ncias de que imagens radiogr&#225;ficas indicando IF ocorrem com frequ&#234;ncia semelhante em crian&#231;as com constipa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e em crian&#231;as assintom&#225;ticas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos que a defini&#231;&#227;o oportuna proposta pelos especialistas da ESPGHAN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> se tornaria mais pr&#225;tica com a adi&#231;&#227;o da Bristol Escale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> e&#47;ou um escore&#47;crit&#233;rio para quantificar os sintomas aliviados por laxantes&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC ainda merece mais estudos que considerem a defini&#231;&#227;o proposta em 2010&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> A partir da correta identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes constipados&#44; estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados devem ser conduzidos para determinar de forma consistente as associa&#231;&#245;es&#44; melhorar o manejo da constipa&#231;&#227;o e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com FC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Financiamento</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MAS recebeu bolsa de mestrado da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior &#40;Capes&#41;&#44; C&#243;digo Financeiro 001&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-12-26"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Cystic fibrosis"
            1 => "Constipation"
            2 => "Prevalence"
            3 => "Diagnosis"
          ]
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          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Fibrose c&#237;stica"
            1 => "Constipa&#231;&#227;o"
            2 => "Preval&#234;ncia"
            3 => "Diagn&#243;stico"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To systematically revise the literature in search of data about the prevalence of constipation in patients with cystic fibrosis according to the publications in this field&#44; which partly refer to guidelines defined in 2010 by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology&#44; and Nutrition&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Sources</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review selecting articles based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses&#44; including Cystic Fibrosis patients of all ages&#46; Sources of information were selected to identify the articles without period limitation&#58; CADTH &#8211; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health&#44; CINAHL Complete&#44; Clinical Trials US NIH&#44; Cochrane Library&#44; Embase&#44; MEDLINE <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">via</span> Ovid&#44; Scopus&#44; Web Of Science&#44; PubMed&#44; SciELO&#44; MEDLINE and LILACS&#44; Health Systems Evidence&#44; PDQ Evidence&#44; CRD Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health&#44; INAHTA &#8211; International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment&#44; and PEDro&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Findings</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of constipation was reported in eight observational studies&#46; Only two studies assessed the frequency of constipation as a primary objective&#59; in the others&#44; constipation was quoted along with the prevalence of the spectrum of gastrointestinal manifestations&#46; Altogether&#44; the publications included 2&#44;018 patients&#44; the reported prevalence varied from 10&#37; to 57&#37;&#46; Only two of the six articles published after 2010 followed the definition recommended by the European Society&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Constipation is a frequent but still insufficiently assessed complaint of Cystic Fibrosis patients&#46; The use of diverse diagnostic criteria restricts comparison and epidemiological conclusions&#44; future studies should compulsorily apply the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology&#44; and Nutrition definition&#46;</p></span>"
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      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisar sistematicamente a literatura em busca de dados sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com fibrose c&#237;stica &#40;FC&#41;&#44; de acordo com as publica&#231;&#245;es nesse campo&#44; que se referem parcialmente &#224;s diretrizes definidas pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition</span> &#40;ESPGHAN&#44; 2010&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes de dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica&#44; selecionaram&#8208;se artigos com base no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses</span> &#40;PRISMA&#41;&#44; incluindo todos os pacientes com FC de todas as faixas et&#225;rias&#46; As fontes de informa&#231;&#227;o foram selecionadas para identificar os artigos sem limita&#231;&#227;o de per&#237;odo para a pesquisa&#58; CADTH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health</span>&#41;&#44; CINAHL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complete&#44; Clinical Trials</span> US NIH<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; Cochrane Library&#44;</span> Embase&#44; Medline via Ovid&#44; Scopus&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Web of Science</span>&#44; PubMed&#44; SciELO&#44; Medline e Lilacs por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Sa&#250;de &#40;BVS&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health Systems Evidence&#44;</span> PDQ <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Evidence&#44;</span> CRD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health</span>&#41;&#44; INAHTA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment</span>&#41; e PEDRO&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Achados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC foi relatada em oito estudos observacionais&#46; Apenas dois estudos avaliaram a frequ&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o como objetivo prim&#225;rio&#59; nos outros&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o foi citada juntamente com a preval&#234;ncia do espectro de manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais&#46; No total&#44; as publica&#231;&#245;es inclu&#237;ram 2&#46;018 pacientes e a preval&#234;ncia relatada variou amplamente&#44; de 10 a 57&#37;&#46; Apenas dois dos seis artigos publicados ap&#243;s 2010 seguiram a defini&#231;&#227;o recomendada pela ESPGHAN&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A constipa&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma queixa frequente&#44; mas ainda insuficientemente avaliada&#44; dos pacientes com FC&#46; O uso de diversos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos restringe as compara&#231;&#245;es e declara&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; de modo que futuros estudos deveriam aplicar a defini&#231;&#227;o ESPGHAN de maneira compuls&#243;ria&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Stefano MA&#44; Poderoso RE&#44; Mainz JG&#44; Ribeiro JD&#44; Ribeiro AF&#44; Lomazi EA&#46; Prevalence of constipation in cystic fibrosis patients&#58; a systematic review of observational studies&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2020&#59;96&#58;686&#8211;92&#46;</p>"
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            "etiqueta" => "Appendix B"
            "titulo" => "Material suplementar"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estrat&#233;gia de busca para o banco de dados PubMed&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluxograma das etapas de sele&#231;&#227;o dos artigos&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DIOS&#44; s&#237;ndrome de obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal distal&#59; FC&#44; fibrose c&#237;stica&#59; CFTR&#44; cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator&#59; ESPGHAN&#44; European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Autor &#40;ano&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objetivo do estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Local&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Popula&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Faixa et&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Crit&#233;rios Diagn&#243;sticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Amostra &#40;N&#47; constipados&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rubinstein et al&#46; &#40;1986&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Determinar a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o e &#237;leo meconial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children&#39;s Hospital&#44; Stanford&#44; EUA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes com FC em tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 a &#62; 30 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Julgamento cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">168 &#47; 54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baker et al&#46; &#40;2005&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo prospectivo multic&#234;ntrico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a terapia enzim&#225;tica pancre&#225;tica e os resultados cl&#237;nicos&#58; crescimento&#44; dor abdominal&#44; constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; flatul&#234;ncia e evacua&#231;&#245;es em pacientes com FC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 locais credenciados pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes com FC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62; 4 sem&#46; a &#62; 14 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do&#40;a&#41; paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;074 &#47; 616&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">van der Doef et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo retrospectivo multic&#234;ntrico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Determinar preval&#234;ncia&#44; fatores de risco e tratamento em pacientes constipados com FC&#44; bem como o valor diagn&#243;stico da radiografia abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">University Medical Center</span> Utrecht&#44; Holanda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804; 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ESPGHAN&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">230 &#47; 107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ooi et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Determinar se a preval&#234;ncia de DIOS e constipa&#231;&#227;o pode estar relacionada &#224; temperatura ambiente e ao volume da precipita&#231;&#227;o fluvial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sydney Children&#39;s Hospital&#44; Austr&#225;lia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em tratamento na hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o &#40;pacientes ambulatoriais n&#227;o inclu&#237;dos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804; 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ESPGHAN&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">241 &#47; 30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fraquelli et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo prospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar a frequ&#234;ncia dos sinais de ultrassom no intestino de pacientes com FC&#44; independentemente da presen&#231;a de sintomas gastrointestinais e da correla&#231;&#227;o desses sinais com sintomas cl&#237;nicos e gen&#243;tipo do CFTR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Centro de Refer&#234;ncia do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico</span>&#44; Mil&#227;o&#44; It&#225;lia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes ambulatoriais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 a 22 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#47; 11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Munck et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo observacional longitudinal prospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas de DIOS &#40;completas e incompletas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 hospitais universit&#225;rios em 10 pa&#237;ses &#40;9 pa&#237;ses europeus e Israel&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes adultos e pedi&#225;tricosadmitido por DIOS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 a 24 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">109 &#47; 44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Santos et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo transversal anal&#237;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Descrever o fen&#243;tipo cl&#237;nico de crian&#231;as e adolescentes com FC e avaliar o papel da insufici&#234;ncia pancre&#225;tica e triagem neonatal no diagn&#243;stico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Centro de Refer&#234;ncia Pedi&#225;trica&#44; Bras&#237;lia&#44; Brasil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804; 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#47; 26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mentessidou et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo comparativo retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Investigou a incid&#234;ncia de sequela de obstru&#231;&#227;o a longo prazo &#91;constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; DIOS e crescimento&#93; em pacientes com FC submetidos a cirurgia para &#237;leo meconial no per&#237;odo neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aghia Sophia Children&#39;s Hospital</span>&#44; Gr&#233;cia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes com FC operados por &#237;leo meconial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 a 26 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epis&#243;dios de impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal gradual cr&#244;nica do c&#243;lon &#40;de acordo com a CFF&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#47; 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2417618.png"
              ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
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Artigo de revisão
Prevalence of constipation in cystic fibrosis patients: a systematic review of observational studies
Prevalência de constipação em pacientes com fibrose cística: uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais
Marina A. Stefanoa, Rosana E. Poderosob, Jochen G. Mainzc, Jose D. Ribeirod,e, Antonio F. Ribeirod,e, Elizete Aparecida Lomazid,e,
Autor para correspondência
elizete.apl@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
a Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Centro de Referência em Fibrose Cística, Campinas, SP, Brasil
b Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
c University Klinikum Westbrandenburg Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Head of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Hochstraße, Alemanha
d Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brasil
e Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Referência em Fibrose Cística, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por muitas d&#233;cadas&#44; a insufici&#234;ncia pancre&#225;tica&#44; que resulta em diarreia cr&#244;nica secund&#225;ria a m&#225; digest&#227;o e m&#225; absor&#231;&#227;o de nutrientes&#44; e o retardo do crescimento pondero&#8208;estatural foram o foco das manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais em pacientes com fibrose c&#237;stica &#40;FC&#41;&#46; Com a melhoria da terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica&#44; a introdu&#231;&#227;o da triagem neonatal e o aumento da sobrevida&#44; outras manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais &#40;GI&#41; merecem aten&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e cient&#237;fica&#46; Assim&#44; os sintomas gastrointestinais s&#227;o frequentes em pacientes com FC&#44; como mostrado em uma publica&#231;&#227;o recente&#44; inclusive uma coorte de 131 pacientes com FC de todas as idades&#58; com o uso de um novo question&#225;rio espec&#237;fico de FC &#40;CFAbd&#8208;Score&#41; para identifica&#231;&#227;o e quantifica&#231;&#227;o das queixas abdominais multiorg&#226;nicas&#44; foi constatado que 80&#37; dos pacientes tinham apresentado dor abdominal e flatul&#234;ncia nos tr&#234;s meses anteriores&#46; Cerca de 50&#37; relataram dor durante a evacua&#231;&#227;o e fezes endurecidas e 30&#37; foram identificados com constipa&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A constipa&#231;&#227;o foi verificada como prevalente em todas as revis&#245;es sobre manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais em pacientes com FC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;11</span></a> Assim&#44; o diagn&#243;stico de constipa&#231;&#227;o foi mencionado por merecer aten&#231;&#227;o&#44; pois pode ser um sintoma &#250;nico ou&#44; da mesma forma&#44; pode ser um antecedente para o desenvolvimento da condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica de uma s&#237;ndrome de obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal distal &#40;DIOS&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">distal intestinal obstruction syndrome</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11</span></a> Devido &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia simult&#226;nea de constipa&#231;&#227;o e DIOS em pacientes com FC e semelhan&#231;a com seus sintomas&#44; em 2010&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology&#44; and Nutrition</span> &#40;ESPGHAN&#41; prop&#244;s uma defini&#231;&#227;o consensual para cada uma dessas morbidades&#46; Constipa&#231;&#227;o foi definida como a presen&#231;a de dor e&#47;ou distens&#227;o abdominal ou diminui&#231;&#227;o da frequ&#234;ncia de movimentos intestinais espont&#226;neos ou aumento de consist&#234;ncia das fezes com dura&#231;&#227;o de algumas semanas a meses&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; qualquer um dos sintomas mencionados deve ser aliviado pelo uso de laxantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> A defini&#231;&#227;o de DIOS completa inclu&#237;a &#40;1&#41; obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal completa&#44; reconhecida pelo v&#244;mito de material bilioso e&#47;ou radiografia abdominal que mostrasse l&#237;quido no intestino delgado e &#40;2&#41; massa fecal no &#237;leo&#8208;ceco e &#40;3&#41; dor ou distens&#227;o abdominal ou ambos&#46; A defini&#231;&#227;o de DIOS incompleta inclu&#237;a &#40;1&#41; uma hist&#243;ria de curto prazo &#40;dias&#41; de dor ou distens&#227;o abdominal ou ambas e &#40;2&#41; uma massa fecal no &#237;leo&#8208;ceco&#44; aus&#234;ncia de sinais que indicassem obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar da import&#226;ncia dedut&#237;vel da constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC&#44; esse assunto n&#227;o recebeu aten&#231;&#227;o adequada e dados sistematicamente verificados sobre a preval&#234;ncia&#44; fisiopatologia e tratamento dessa condi&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o escassos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura em busca de dados sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC&#44; o que justifica a necessidade de apoiar os profissionais na tomada de decis&#227;o diagn&#243;stica e na investiga&#231;&#227;o durante o atendimento a esses pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta pesquisa envolveu uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da literatura com base no m&#233;todo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses</span> &#40;PRISMA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> com uma cuidadosa sele&#231;&#227;o de artigos sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC&#44; 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Antes do in&#237;cio da pesquisa&#44; a exist&#234;ncia de uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica em um assunto semelhante foi consultada no banco de dados da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Library</span> &#40;<a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cochranelibrary&#46;com</a>&#41; e nenhum registro foi encontrado&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os descritores usados para elaborar as estrat&#233;gias de busca foram definidos pelos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medical Subjects Heading</span> &#40;MeSH&#41;&#44; produzidos pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Library of Medicine</span> dos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica &#40;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ncbi&#46;nlm&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;mesh</a>&#41; para publica&#231;&#245;es em ingl&#234;s e pelo DeCS&#58; Descritores em Sa&#250;de &#40;<a href="http://decs.bvs.br/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;decs&#46;bvs&#46;br&#47;</a>&#41; para publica&#231;&#245;es em portugu&#234;s&#46; Os descritores selecionados foram&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cystic fibrosis&#59; constipation&#59; defecation&#59; fecal impaction</span> &#8211; em ingl&#234;s&#59; e fibrose c&#237;stica&#59; constipa&#231;&#227;o&#59; defeca&#231;&#227;o&#59; impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal &#8211; em portugu&#234;s&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estrat&#233;gia de busca no portal de pesquisa PubMed est&#225; descrita no quadro 1&#46; A estrat&#233;gia de busca foi adaptada aos demais bancos de dados inclu&#237;dos na pesquisa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0040">material suplementar anexo 1</a>&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve limita&#231;&#227;o de per&#237;odo para a busca do artigo&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram&#58; pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de FC e estudos que relataram preval&#234;ncia&#47;incid&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes de todas as faixas et&#225;rias descritas na literatura&#46; A busca dos artigos foi feita de 22 a 25 de outubro de 2018&#46; Foram identificados 1&#46;118 artigos&#46; A sele&#231;&#227;o dos artigos identificados no banco de dados foi feita em quatro etapas e pode ser vista em detalhes na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na etapa inicial&#44; a identifica&#231;&#227;o do artigo foi feita atrav&#233;s de pesquisas que combinavam o descritor e os operadores booleanos nas bases de dados selecionadas com posterior identifica&#231;&#227;o e exclus&#227;o de artigos duplicados&#47;triplicados&#47;quadruplicados&#46; A remo&#231;&#227;o inicial de artigos duplicados foi feita via EndNote Web&#174;&#44; um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> gerenciador de refer&#234;ncias&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na etapa de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; os artigos foram exclu&#237;dos pelo t&#237;tulo e&#47;ou resumo&#44; com base nos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o mencionados&#46; Os t&#237;tulos e resumos foram lidos por dois avaliadores que decidiram pela inclus&#227;o daqueles com base em crit&#233;rios previamente definidos&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada avaliador optou independentemente por &#8220;inclus&#227;o&#8221; ou &#8220;exclus&#227;o&#8221; e os resultados discrepantes foram avaliados por consenso posterior entre os avaliadores&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na terceira etapa&#44; os artigos considerados eleg&#237;veis foram selecionados para leitura completa e posterior refinamento da sele&#231;&#227;o&#46; Na &#250;ltima etapa&#44; foram inclu&#237;dos oito artigos para a revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O n&#250;mero de estudos avaliados em todas as etapas da revis&#227;o &#233; mostrado no fluxograma da <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dados sobre preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC foram compilados em oito publica&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas&#46; Entretanto&#44; apenas dois desses artigos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> determinaram a preval&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o como objetivo principal&#46; Nos outros estudos&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o foi coletada juntamente com a preval&#234;ncia de outras manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais&#46; Os sintomas abdominais foram identificados em coortes&#44; inclusive adultos e crian&#231;as com FC&#44; e tamb&#233;m foram investigados em grupos espec&#237;ficos de pacientes com FC&#44; como aqueles com hist&#243;ria de DIOS e &#237;leo meconial&#46; Nos relatos que avaliaram diferentes queixas gastrointestinais&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o foi considerada relevante principalmente para seus principais diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais&#58; manifesta&#231;&#245;es intestinais obstrutivas&#58; DIOS e impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal aguda&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;15&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; uma alta taxa de condi&#231;&#245;es abdominais graves em pacientes com FC decorrentes de insufici&#234;ncia pancre&#225;tica &#233; evitada e contornada pela adequa&#231;&#227;o da terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; uma melhor aten&#231;&#227;o ao suporte nutricional e maior capacidade de controlar a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a pulmonar contribuem para a redu&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es abdominais&#46; Portanto&#44; o cen&#225;rio atual do tratamento de pacientes com FC indica a necessidade de estudar comorbidades que interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta revis&#227;o&#44; a maioria dos estudos avaliados avaliou a preval&#234;ncia de manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais sintom&#225;ticas na FC&#46; N&#227;o identificamos estudos cl&#237;nicos maiores e&#47;ou multic&#234;ntricos ou ensaios cl&#237;nicos com o objetivo principal de abordar sistematicamente a constipa&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os especialistas da ESPGHAN definiram condi&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas de consenso para o diagn&#243;stico de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com FC em 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> e apenas duas das seis publica&#231;&#245;es eleg&#237;veis publicadas posteriormente &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o da ESPGHAN declararam seguir as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;20</span></a> Um artigo&#44; o mais recente nesta sele&#231;&#227;o&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> definiu a constipa&#231;&#227;o de acordo com a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</span> &#40;CFF&#41; como a presen&#231;a de um grande volume de fezes espessas retidas no c&#243;lon&#46; Os achados das publica&#231;&#245;es eleg&#237;veis sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC variaram amplamente entre 10&#37; e 57&#37;&#46; As causas relevantes dessa diverg&#234;ncia devem ser devidas a diferentes defini&#231;&#245;es adotadas&#44; objetivos divergentes e crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade variados para incluir os casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos devem ser claramente definidos nos estudos de preval&#234;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> A constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; como entidade nosol&#243;gica&#44; &#233; definida pela presen&#231;a de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> No entanto&#44; entre a defini&#231;&#227;o proposta de sintomas necess&#225;rios para diagnosticar a constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; nenhuma defini&#231;&#227;o ou conjunto de crit&#233;rios proposto &#233; abrangente o suficiente para identificar todos os pacientes que sofrem dessa condi&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#46; A falta de uma defini&#231;&#227;o consensual e abrangente prejudica n&#227;o apenas a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; mas tamb&#233;m conclus&#245;es ou compara&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas e&#44; principalmente&#44; a inclus&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos em estudos cl&#237;nicos&#46; Em pacientes com FC&#44; as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas da constipa&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o pouco descritas&#46; Em geral&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o nesses pacientes &#233; referida como a base etiol&#243;gica da dor abdominal&#46; Enquanto a ESPGHAN definiu um conjunto de crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#44; Littlewood<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> descreveu a dor abdominal como um indicativo de reten&#231;&#227;o fecal col&#244;nica cr&#244;nica&#44; reconhec&#237;vel em radiografias abdominais&#44; e&#44; finalmente&#44; de acordo com a CFF&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o &#233; definida pela presen&#231;a de grandes volumes de fezes volumosas retidas nas c&#243;lon&#44; mesmo em pacientes cujos movimentos intestinais s&#227;o di&#225;rios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como a constipa&#231;&#227;o descomplicada parece ser muito comum em pacientes com FC e como existe uma suposta associa&#231;&#227;o de constipa&#231;&#227;o e DIOS&#44; bem como com impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal sintom&#225;tica aguda&#44; &#233; essencial o uso un&#226;nime de defini&#231;&#245;es consensuais&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dois dos artigos inclu&#237;dos nesta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica abordaram a preval&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o a fim de identificar circunst&#226;ncias desencadeantes dessa condi&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;21</span></a> Ooi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> registraram a frequ&#234;ncia da constipa&#231;&#227;o de acordo com a temperatura nas esta&#231;&#245;es do ano&#46; Uma an&#225;lise retrospectiva que incluiu 12 anos revelou que as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es de pacientes com FC por constipa&#231;&#227;o eram significativamente mais frequentes em per&#237;odos com temperaturas elevadas&#46; A constipa&#231;&#227;o ocorreu mais frequentemente durante as esta&#231;&#245;es com temperatura m&#233;dia de 27&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o 6&#44;3&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com a esta&#231;&#227;o com temperatura m&#233;dia de 24&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C &#40;4&#44;1&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Isso indica que a fisiopatologia da constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC est&#225; associada &#224; desidrata&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que supostamente leva a um espessamento adicional do muco secretado pelas gl&#226;ndulas col&#244;nicas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; um seguimento de 15 anos de pacientes submetidos &#224; cirurgia no per&#237;odo neonatal revelou uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre constipa&#231;&#227;o e hist&#243;ria de &#237;leo meconial &#40;IM&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;038&#41;&#46; Pacientes com hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de IM exigiam mais frequentemente tratamento m&#233;dico para constipa&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com Littlewood&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> al&#233;m da hist&#243;ria e do exame f&#237;sico&#44; a radiografia abdominal seria &#250;til n&#227;o apenas para o diagn&#243;stico&#44; mas tamb&#233;m na avalia&#231;&#227;o do resultado terap&#234;utico&#46; As defini&#231;&#245;es da ESPGHAN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> e CFF<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> concordam com a presen&#231;a excessiva de reten&#231;&#227;o fecal no intestino grosso&#44; mas uma radiografia abdominal simples para diagnosticar e gerenciar constipa&#231;&#227;o e reten&#231;&#227;o fecal n&#227;o &#233; uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o consensual entre os autores&#46; Van der Doef et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> avaliaram uma s&#233;rie de 214 pacientes com FC&#44; identificaram 47&#37; de constipados&#46; Desses pacientes&#44; 106 foram submetidos a radiografias abdominais&#44; mas&#44; segundo os autores&#44; o estudo n&#227;o foi muito &#250;til para prosseguir com o tratamento&#44; por apresentar altas taxas de variabilidade inter e intraobservador para os escores de Barr e Leech&#44; que medem qualitativamente a reten&#231;&#227;o fecal&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; esse procedimento deve ser evitado na medida do poss&#237;vel&#44; pela exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o&#46; Estudos em pacientes com constipa&#231;&#227;o funcional &#40;CF&#41; apresentam pouca correla&#231;&#227;o entre sintomas cl&#237;nicos e impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal &#40;IF&#41; observados nas radiografias abdominais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> Na CF h&#225; evid&#234;ncias de que imagens radiogr&#225;ficas indicando IF ocorrem com frequ&#234;ncia semelhante em crian&#231;as com constipa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e em crian&#231;as assintom&#225;ticas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos que a defini&#231;&#227;o oportuna proposta pelos especialistas da ESPGHAN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> se tornaria mais pr&#225;tica com a adi&#231;&#227;o da Bristol Escale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> e&#47;ou um escore&#47;crit&#233;rio para quantificar os sintomas aliviados por laxantes&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC ainda merece mais estudos que considerem a defini&#231;&#227;o proposta em 2010&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> A partir da correta identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes constipados&#44; estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados devem ser conduzidos para determinar de forma consistente as associa&#231;&#245;es&#44; melhorar o manejo da constipa&#231;&#227;o e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com FC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Financiamento</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MAS recebeu bolsa de mestrado da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior &#40;Capes&#41;&#44; C&#243;digo Financeiro 001&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Cystic fibrosis"
            1 => "Constipation"
            2 => "Prevalence"
            3 => "Diagnosis"
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          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Fibrose c&#237;stica"
            1 => "Constipa&#231;&#227;o"
            2 => "Preval&#234;ncia"
            3 => "Diagn&#243;stico"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To systematically revise the literature in search of data about the prevalence of constipation in patients with cystic fibrosis according to the publications in this field&#44; which partly refer to guidelines defined in 2010 by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology&#44; and Nutrition&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Sources</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review selecting articles based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses&#44; including Cystic Fibrosis patients of all ages&#46; Sources of information were selected to identify the articles without period limitation&#58; CADTH &#8211; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health&#44; CINAHL Complete&#44; Clinical Trials US NIH&#44; Cochrane Library&#44; Embase&#44; MEDLINE <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">via</span> Ovid&#44; Scopus&#44; Web Of Science&#44; PubMed&#44; SciELO&#44; MEDLINE and LILACS&#44; Health Systems Evidence&#44; PDQ Evidence&#44; CRD Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health&#44; INAHTA &#8211; International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment&#44; and PEDro&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Findings</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of constipation was reported in eight observational studies&#46; Only two studies assessed the frequency of constipation as a primary objective&#59; in the others&#44; constipation was quoted along with the prevalence of the spectrum of gastrointestinal manifestations&#46; Altogether&#44; the publications included 2&#44;018 patients&#44; the reported prevalence varied from 10&#37; to 57&#37;&#46; Only two of the six articles published after 2010 followed the definition recommended by the European Society&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Constipation is a frequent but still insufficiently assessed complaint of Cystic Fibrosis patients&#46; The use of diverse diagnostic criteria restricts comparison and epidemiological conclusions&#44; future studies should compulsorily apply the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology&#44; and Nutrition definition&#46;</p></span>"
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      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisar sistematicamente a literatura em busca de dados sobre a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com fibrose c&#237;stica &#40;FC&#41;&#44; de acordo com as publica&#231;&#245;es nesse campo&#44; que se referem parcialmente &#224;s diretrizes definidas pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition</span> &#40;ESPGHAN&#44; 2010&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes de dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica&#44; selecionaram&#8208;se artigos com base no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses</span> &#40;PRISMA&#41;&#44; incluindo todos os pacientes com FC de todas as faixas et&#225;rias&#46; As fontes de informa&#231;&#227;o foram selecionadas para identificar os artigos sem limita&#231;&#227;o de per&#237;odo para a pesquisa&#58; CADTH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health</span>&#41;&#44; CINAHL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complete&#44; Clinical Trials</span> US NIH<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; Cochrane Library&#44;</span> Embase&#44; Medline via Ovid&#44; Scopus&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Web of Science</span>&#44; PubMed&#44; SciELO&#44; Medline e Lilacs por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Sa&#250;de &#40;BVS&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health Systems Evidence&#44;</span> PDQ <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Evidence&#44;</span> CRD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health</span>&#41;&#44; INAHTA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment</span>&#41; e PEDRO&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Achados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com FC foi relatada em oito estudos observacionais&#46; Apenas dois estudos avaliaram a frequ&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o como objetivo prim&#225;rio&#59; nos outros&#44; a constipa&#231;&#227;o foi citada juntamente com a preval&#234;ncia do espectro de manifesta&#231;&#245;es gastrointestinais&#46; No total&#44; as publica&#231;&#245;es inclu&#237;ram 2&#46;018 pacientes e a preval&#234;ncia relatada variou amplamente&#44; de 10 a 57&#37;&#46; Apenas dois dos seis artigos publicados ap&#243;s 2010 seguiram a defini&#231;&#227;o recomendada pela ESPGHAN&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A constipa&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma queixa frequente&#44; mas ainda insuficientemente avaliada&#44; dos pacientes com FC&#46; O uso de diversos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos restringe as compara&#231;&#245;es e declara&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; de modo que futuros estudos deveriam aplicar a defini&#231;&#227;o ESPGHAN de maneira compuls&#243;ria&#46;</p></span>"
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
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            "identificador" => "abst0030"
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            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Achados"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Stefano MA&#44; Poderoso RE&#44; Mainz JG&#44; Ribeiro JD&#44; Ribeiro AF&#44; Lomazi EA&#46; Prevalence of constipation in cystic fibrosis patients&#58; a systematic review of observational studies&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2020&#59;96&#58;686&#8211;92&#46;</p>"
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          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix B"
            "titulo" => "Material suplementar"
            "identificador" => "sec0040"
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        ]
      ]
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      0 => array:7 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estrat&#233;gia de busca para o banco de dados PubMed&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "figura" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluxograma das etapas de sele&#231;&#227;o dos artigos&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DIOS&#44; s&#237;ndrome de obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal distal&#59; FC&#44; fibrose c&#237;stica&#59; CFTR&#44; cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator&#59; ESPGHAN&#44; European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Autor &#40;ano&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objetivo do estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Local&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Popula&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Faixa et&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Crit&#233;rios Diagn&#243;sticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Amostra &#40;N&#47; constipados&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rubinstein et al&#46; &#40;1986&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Determinar a preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o e &#237;leo meconial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Children&#39;s Hospital&#44; Stanford&#44; EUA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes com FC em tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 a &#62; 30 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Julgamento cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">168 &#47; 54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baker et al&#46; &#40;2005&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo prospectivo multic&#234;ntrico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a terapia enzim&#225;tica pancre&#225;tica e os resultados cl&#237;nicos&#58; crescimento&#44; dor abdominal&#44; constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; flatul&#234;ncia e evacua&#231;&#245;es em pacientes com FC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 locais credenciados pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes com FC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#62; 4 sem&#46; a &#62; 14 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do&#40;a&#41; paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;074 &#47; 616&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">van der Doef et al&#46; &#40;2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo retrospectivo multic&#234;ntrico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Determinar preval&#234;ncia&#44; fatores de risco e tratamento em pacientes constipados com FC&#44; bem como o valor diagn&#243;stico da radiografia abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">University Medical Center</span> Utrecht&#44; Holanda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804; 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ESPGHAN&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">230 &#47; 107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ooi et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Determinar se a preval&#234;ncia de DIOS e constipa&#231;&#227;o pode estar relacionada &#224; temperatura ambiente e ao volume da precipita&#231;&#227;o fluvial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sydney Children&#39;s Hospital&#44; Austr&#225;lia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em tratamento na hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o &#40;pacientes ambulatoriais n&#227;o inclu&#237;dos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804; 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ESPGHAN&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">241 &#47; 30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fraquelli et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo prospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar a frequ&#234;ncia dos sinais de ultrassom no intestino de pacientes com FC&#44; independentemente da presen&#231;a de sintomas gastrointestinais e da correla&#231;&#227;o desses sinais com sintomas cl&#237;nicos e gen&#243;tipo do CFTR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Centro de Refer&#234;ncia do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico</span>&#44; Mil&#227;o&#44; It&#225;lia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes ambulatoriais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 a 22 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#47; 11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Munck et al&#46; &#40;2016&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo observacional longitudinal prospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avaliar manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas de DIOS &#40;completas e incompletas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 hospitais universit&#225;rios em 10 pa&#237;ses &#40;9 pa&#237;ses europeus e Israel&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes adultos e pedi&#225;tricosadmitido por DIOS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 a 24 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">109 &#47; 44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Santos et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo transversal anal&#237;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Descrever o fen&#243;tipo cl&#237;nico de crian&#231;as e adolescentes com FC e avaliar o papel da insufici&#234;ncia pancre&#225;tica e triagem neonatal no diagn&#243;stico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Centro de Refer&#234;ncia Pedi&#225;trica&#44; Bras&#237;lia&#44; Brasil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804; 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Relato do paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#47; 26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mentessidou et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo comparativo retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Investigou a incid&#234;ncia de sequela de obstru&#231;&#227;o a longo prazo &#91;constipa&#231;&#227;o&#44; DIOS e crescimento&#93; em pacientes com FC submetidos a cirurgia para &#237;leo meconial no per&#237;odo neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aghia Sophia Children&#39;s Hospital</span>&#44; Gr&#233;cia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes com FC operados por &#237;leo meconial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 a 26 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epis&#243;dios de impacta&#231;&#227;o fecal gradual cr&#244;nica do c&#243;lon &#40;de acordo com a CFF&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#47; 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudos sobre preval&#234;ncia de constipa&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com fibrose c&#237;stica</p>"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Abdominal symptoms in cystic fibrosis and their relation to genotype&#44; history&#44; clinical and laboratory findings"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            2 => "A&#46; Jaudszus"
                            3 => "H&#46;J&#46; Mentzel"
                            4 => "D&#46;M&#46; Renz"
                            5 => "S&#46; Reinsch"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Validity and reliability of a novel multimodal questionnaire for the assessment of abdominal symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis &#40;CFAbd&#8208;Score&#41;"
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                            5 => "C&#46; Arnold"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Patient&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Relation of ultrasound findings and abdominal symptoms obtained with the CFAbd&#8208;score in cystic fibrosis patients"
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                      "titulo" => "Intestinal obstruction syndromes in cystic fibrosis&#58; meconium ileus&#44; distal intestinal obstruction syndrome&#44; and constipation"
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                      "titulo" => "Cystic fibrosis&#58; an update for clinicians&#46; Part 1&#58; nutrition and gastrointestinal complications"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Gastroenterol Hepatol&#46;"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ccm.2015.11.004"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chest Med&#46;"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                            0 => "M&#46;N&#46; Sathe"
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ISSN: 22555536
Idioma original: Português
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