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Archer et al&#46; delinearam os limites dos opioides que melhor controlam o quadro nociceptivo em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; fisiopatologia&#44; destacaram a crise vaso&#8208;oclusiva e seus efeitos inflamat&#243;rios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Diversas abordagens foram relatadas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao avan&#231;o profundo da compreens&#227;o da fisiopatogenia subjacente &#224; crise de dor falciforme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;24&#44;25</span></a> Portanto&#44; acredita&#8208;se ser necess&#225;rio um novo tipo de terapia para administrar na crise de dor&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O fentanil intranasal &#233; uma escolha adequada de opioide em compara&#231;&#227;o com a via de administra&#231;&#227;o de opi&#225;ceos parenterais&#44; a fim de atingir os alvos diretos para atenuar a dor de forma r&#225;pida e eficiente&#44; evitar o uso de opioides intramusculares ou intravenosos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;20</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a mucosa nasal &#233; uma &#225;rea ampla&#44; com rico plexo vascular e uma via r&#225;pida para a administra&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos sem passar pela degrada&#231;&#227;o gastrointestinal ou pelo metabolismo hep&#225;tico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Com base nos avan&#231;os do conhecimento fisiopatol&#243;gico das CVO&#44; esses tr&#234;s componentes&#44; magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalat&#243;rio&#44; trouxeram luz &#224; curiosidade cient&#237;fica na literatura por seu papel cr&#237;tico na regula&#231;&#227;o do endot&#233;lio e da s&#237;ndrome inflamat&#243;ria durante a crise falciforme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;36</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; presumimos que era um momento adequado para fazer uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise de ECRs para avaliar a efici&#234;ncia e a seguran&#231;a desses f&#225;rmacos com objetivos analg&#233;sicos&#46; Esta revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise foi feita para reunir um extenso n&#250;mero de ensaios experimentais&#44; avaliar a mudan&#231;a na escala de escore de dor&#44; o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo em uma amostra pedi&#225;trica com crises vaso&#8208;oclusivas agudas n&#227;o complicadas na doen&#231;a falciforme&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa do estudo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise&#44; buscamos os estudos e as refer&#234;ncias de dois artigos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;37</span></a>As pesquisas foram feitas independentemente de onde os estudos foram conduzidos&#44; sem restri&#231;&#245;es de linguagem e limitados a seres humanos&#46; O plano de estudos obedeceu &#224;s diretrizes do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses</span> &#40;Prisma&#41; para metan&#225;lise de estudos de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A busca foi feita em dez bancos de dados cient&#237;ficos de 1&#176; a 31 de mar&#231;o de 2018&#44; de estudos publicados entre 1&#176; de janeiro de 2001 e 31 de dezembro de 2017&#58; Medline &#40;OvidSP&#41;&#44; Embase&#44; PubMed&#44; Central&#44; Lilacs&#44; ISRCTN Registry&#44; CINAHL &#40;EBSCOHost&#41;&#44; Web of Science &#40;CPCI&#8208;S&#41; para ECRs&#46; Para estudos em andamento&#44; procuramos em Clinicaltrials&#46;gov e WHO&#8208;ICTRP&#46; Para cada banco de dados&#44; uma estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa abrangente foi expandida&#44; com o uso dos operadores booleanos e controlada pelos termos MeSH&#46; Alguns dos termos de busca&#44; como detalhado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#44; inclu&#237;ram&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anemia&#44; sickle cell&#44; pain&#44; acute pain&#44; randomized controlled trial&#44; placebo&#44; clinical trial</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">double blind&#46;</span> Al&#233;m disso&#44; para pesquisas posteriores&#44; usamos o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Google scholar</span> e procuramos manualmente em outras bibliografias a partir de estudos considerados como refer&#234;ncia fornecida a outros estudos ou perdidos na pesquisa eletr&#244;nica principal&#46; Apenas os artigos publicados sob revis&#227;o por pares foram considerados para o nosso trabalho de pesquisa&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Sele&#231;&#227;o de estudos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dois autores da revis&#227;o &#40;MIS e SS&#41; pesquisaram independentemente os bancos de dados&#46; Tamb&#233;m identificaram independentemente&#44; entre os estudos recuperados&#44; quais eram pertinentes e examinaram os textos completos para decidir sua elegibilidade de acordo com os crit&#233;rios&#46; Quaisquer discrep&#226;ncias sobre a inclus&#227;o de artigos de texto completo foram elucidadas e resolvidas por consenso com todos os investigadores&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para serem considerados&#44; os ensaios cl&#237;nicos precisavam ter pelo menos dez participantes em cada grupo e em qualquer cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico&#59; precisavam ser estudos randomizados&#44; duplo&#8208;cegos&#44; controlados com placebo&#44; juntamente com desenho de estudo em paralelo ou de grupo &#250;nico e&#47;ou estudo piloto e cujo tipo de interven&#231;&#245;es tinham finalidade analg&#233;sica&#46; A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo era de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos entre tr&#234;s e &#8804; 21 anos&#44; com tr&#234;s gen&#243;tipos de DF&#44; limitados a HbSS&#44; HbSC e HbS&#8208;&#946; talassemia&#44; que tiveram um epis&#243;dio de dor aguda n&#227;o complicada de CVO&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos n&#227;o randomizados e ECRs que relataram a combina&#231;&#227;o de elegibilidade de participantes ambos pedi&#225;tricos e adultos&#44; estudos em animais e estudos que forneceram resultados em participantes com crise grave de dor falciforme complicada &#40;por exemplo&#44; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda&#44; sequestro espl&#234;nico agudo e acidente vascular encef&#225;lico&#41; e dor falciforme cr&#244;nica&#44; estudos apenas com resumos dispon&#237;veis e com compara&#231;&#227;o ativa de f&#225;rmacos e duplo&#8208;cegos&#46; Portanto&#44; exclu&#237;mos sete estudos&#58; tr&#234;s n&#227;o ECRs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#8211;41</span></a> um estudo com poucos participantes dispon&#237;veis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> um que incluiu apenas dois gen&#243;tipos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> um que avaliou dor cr&#244;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> e um com compara&#231;&#227;o ativa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> Os estudos inclu&#237;dos delinearam duas das seguintes medidas de desfecho&#58; avalia&#231;&#227;o do escore de dor&#44; tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise cumulativa do consumo de analg&#233;sicos e eventos adversos &#40;as defini&#231;&#245;es de medidas de desfecho s&#227;o relatadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; Efetivamente&#44; exclu&#237;mos os estudos relacionados &#224; terapia modificadora da doen&#231;a &#40;por exemplo&#44; hidroxiureia&#41; da DF&#44; que &#233; ben&#233;fica para as CVO&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos tamb&#233;m os estudos que abordaram interven&#231;&#245;es&#44; particularmente transfus&#245;es sangu&#237;neas regulares&#44; coloides&#44; reposi&#231;&#227;o de fluidos e anticoagulantes que s&#227;o usados para impedir as crises da DF e para minimizar a frequ&#234;ncia da dor ao impedir a deforma&#231;&#227;o falciforme&#46; N&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos na revis&#227;o estudos que usaram interven&#231;&#245;es de terapia analg&#233;sica agressiva com tratamento sist&#234;mico &#40;administra&#231;&#227;o oral&#44; subcut&#226;nea&#44; epidural e intramuscular&#41; com o uso de opioides fortes&#44; opioides fracos &#40;code&#237;na e dextropropoxifeno&#41; e agentes n&#227;o opioides &#40;paracetamol e AINEs&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Extra&#231;&#227;o de dados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um autor &#40;MIS&#41; fez a extra&#231;&#227;o de dados dos estudos inclu&#237;dos que foram revisados por todos os investigadores &#40;SS e DZ&#41; e todas as discrep&#226;ncias tamb&#233;m foram resolvidas com todos os autores atrav&#233;s de consenso&#46; Um investigador &#40;MIS&#41; extraiu os detalhes gerais de cada estudo de acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> que foi subsequentemente conferido por todos os autores da revis&#227;o&#46; O formul&#225;rio incluiu o primeiro autor e ano de publica&#231;&#227;o&#44; local&#44; cen&#225;rio e desenho do estudo&#44; caracter&#237;sticas dos participantes&#44; descri&#231;&#227;o das interven&#231;&#245;es e resultados do estudo &#40;desfechos pr&#233;&#8208;especificados&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de qualidade e risco de vi&#233;s</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O risco de vi&#233;s para a qualidade metodol&#243;gica dos ensaios eleg&#237;veis foi determinado e avaliado por um dos autores da revis&#227;o &#40;MIS&#41;&#44; seguido de revis&#227;o por todos os pesquisadores com o uso de cada dom&#237;nio de vi&#233;s relevante de acordo com as ferramentas de avalia&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Risk Assessment Tools for Randomized Study Designs</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> Cada estudo foi avaliado como baixo&#44; alto ou incerto risco de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o &#40;gera&#231;&#227;o de sequ&#234;ncia aleat&#243;ria e oculta&#231;&#227;o de aloca&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de desempenho &#40;mascaramento dos participantes e pessoal&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de detec&#231;&#227;o &#40;mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o de desfechos&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de atrito &#40;dados de desfecho incompletos&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de relato &#40;relato seletivo&#41; e outro vieses &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#44; mais detalhes no material suplementar&#41;&#46; Quaisquer discrep&#226;ncias foram resolvidas por consenso de todos os investigadores&#46; Como recomendado pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Collaboration</span>&#44; a metodologia Grade &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grading of Recommendation Assessment&#44; Development and Evaluation</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> foi usada para classificar a qualidade da evid&#234;ncia para o desfecho individual com o uso dos cinco dom&#237;nios principais&#44; inclusive limita&#231;&#227;o do desenho ou execu&#231;&#227;o do estudo &#40;risco de vi&#233;s&#41;&#59; inconsist&#234;ncia&#44; desvio e imprecis&#227;o de resultados e publica&#231;&#227;o de vi&#233;s&#46; Assim&#44; tabulamos essa qualidade de evid&#234;ncia como muito baixa&#44; baixa&#44; moderada ou alta para cada desfecho&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">S&#237;ntese e an&#225;lise de dados</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir de cada medida de desfecho&#44; extra&#237;mos diretamente a m&#233;dia &#40;desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o &#91;DP&#93; ou a calculamos da mediana e dos intervalos interquartis &#40;IIQ&#41; com o uso do m&#233;todo de Hozo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Registramos os desfechos cont&#237;nuos como diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia &#40;DM&#41; junto com intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&#44; nos quais os desfechos s&#227;o medidos com a mesma escala entre os estudos &#40;tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital&#41; e como diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada &#40;DMP&#41;&#46; Os estudos usaram diferentes escalas ou unidades para medir dados id&#234;nticos &#40;mudan&#231;a na escala do escore de dor e quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o n&#250;mero de eventos de cada estudo dividido em dois bra&#231;os &#40;categorizado pelo mesmo investigador em menor e grave&#41; e o resumo estat&#237;stico apresentado em resultados dicot&#244;micos como taxa de risco &#40;RR&#41; e IC95&#37; foram extra&#237;dos&#46; Fizemos contato com os principais autores das revis&#245;es e dos estudos identificados para solicitar quaisquer dados n&#227;o publicados ou ausentes&#46; Derivamos estimativas agrupadas de DMP&#44; DM e IC95&#37; a partir da m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; com modelos de efeitos aleat&#243;rios ponderados por vari&#226;ncia inversa &#40;VI&#41; nos quais a heterogeneidade foi moderada&#46; Em contraste&#44; usamos modelos de efeitos fixos&#44; nos quais a heterogeneidade foi considerada como n&#227;o importante ou nula&#46; Calculamos as estimativas resumidas gerais de RR e IC95&#37; com modelos de efeitos fixos ponderados por Mantel&#8208;Haenszel para eventos durante o estudo&#46; Para determinar a avalia&#231;&#227;o da heterogeneidade entre os efeitos da interven&#231;&#227;o&#44; usamos o teste de qui&#8208;quadrado &#40;&#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; de Cochrane&#44; juntamente com o valor de p &#60; 0&#44;10 para avaliar as an&#225;lises dos subgrupos&#46; Tamb&#233;m usamos uma medida opcional da heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica com o m&#233;todo de inconsist&#234;ncia &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; que expressa entre 0&#37; e 100&#37; e a tabulamos como n&#227;o significativa &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#60; 50&#37;&#41;&#44; moderada &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#8805; 50&#37;&#41;&#44; ou significativa &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#707; 80&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;51</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fizemos an&#225;lises para explorar o impacto das interven&#231;&#245;es analg&#233;sicas com f&#225;rmacos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controle sobre a DMP da mudan&#231;a na escala de dor para a crise de dor aguda falciforme n&#227;o complicada&#44; na DM de tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e na DMP da quantidade de f&#225;rmacos usada durante o estudo&#46; Fizemos an&#225;lises de subgrupos para considerar os diversos eventos adversos ocorridos nos dois bra&#231;os durante o estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A publica&#231;&#227;o de vieses avaliados para produzir gr&#225;ficos de funil e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade n&#227;o p&#244;de ser investigada&#44; uma vez que identificamos um n&#250;mero pequeno de estudos &#40;menos de 10&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;52</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; n&#227;o ter&#237;amos alcan&#231;ado uma revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise se a heterogeneidade identificada fosse de 80&#37; ou mais&#46; Todas as an&#225;lises foram feitas com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> Review Manager &#40;RevMan&#41; &#91;Computer program&#93; vers&#227;o 5&#46;3&#46; Copenhagen&#58; The Nordic Cochrane Centre&#44; The Cochrane Collaboration&#44; 2014&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nossas principais evid&#234;ncias de pesquisas iniciais recuperaram 692 registros&#44; dos quais 14 potencialmente relevantes foram selecionados para revis&#227;o de texto completo&#46; Desses&#44; foram considerados quatro ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados que preencheram os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O resumo das caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos est&#225; descrito na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a> e no material suplementar&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; esses estudos foram publicados de 2003 a 2016&#46; Quatro estudos inclu&#237;ram 227 participantes&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a> entre eles&#44; 111 inclu&#237;dos no grupo de interven&#231;&#227;o e 116 no grupo placebo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em estudos para inclus&#227;o em metan&#225;lise&#44; encontramos tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados&#44; com interven&#231;&#227;o e uso de f&#225;rmacos que t&#234;m um papel crucial para intervir no mecanismo patol&#243;gico das CVO&#44; inclusive magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#44; e um ECR com fentanil intranasal que &#233; um derivado opioide&#46; Todos os ECRs foram comparados com um bra&#231;o de tratamento com placebo e esses f&#225;rmacos foram posteriormente investigados&#46; Havia dois estudos com desenho paralelo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55</span></a> um desenho de grupo &#250;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> e um desenho de estudo&#8208;piloto&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a> Todos os ensaios inclu&#237;dos foram de indiv&#237;duos admitidos no DE devido a um epis&#243;dio agudo de crise de dor causada por CVO com o uso da escala de mensura&#231;&#227;o da dor de pequena dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento&#46; Tr&#234;s dos estudos inclu&#237;dos foram feitos nos Estados Unidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;56&#44;57</span></a> e somente um foi feito no Canad&#225;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O n&#250;mero total de participantes em estudos inclu&#237;dos n&#227;o foi diferente nos bra&#231;os de interven&#231;&#227;o &#40;111&#41; e placebo &#40;116&#41; e o n&#250;mero total de participantes em cada ensaio ficou entre 20 e 104&#46; Todos os estudos focaram em epis&#243;dios agudos imprevis&#237;veis e n&#227;o complicados de crise de dor na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; com fen&#243;tipos identificados como HbSS&#44; HbSC e HbS&#946;&#8208;talassemia&#46; Dos 227 participantes envolvidos&#44; 149 &#40;65&#44;6&#37;&#41; tinham HbSS&#44; 61 &#40;26&#44;9&#37;&#41; HbSC e apenas 17 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41; tinham HbS&#946;&#8208;talassemia&#44; 115 &#40;50&#44;66&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino e 112 &#40;49&#44;34&#37;&#41; do feminino&#46; Quarenta e nove participantes eram eleg&#237;veis e foram inclu&#237;dos para an&#225;lise no ensaio de fentanil intranasal&#44; 104 no ensaio de magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; 54 no ensaio de arginina e apenas 20 no ensaio de &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#46; Em dois grupos &#40;tratamento e controle&#41;&#44; em todos os estudos&#44; a menor m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; de idade dos participantes variou de 10&#44;6 &#40;5&#44;3&#41; &#224; maior m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; de 17&#44;6 &#40;2&#44;4&#41; anos&#46; A divis&#227;o dos participantes em cada um dos bra&#231;os &#40;interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&#41; em todos os ensaios foi quase igual &#40;24&#8208;25&#41; no ensaio de fentanil intranasal&#44; 51&#8208;53 no ensaio de magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; 26&#8208;28 no ensaio com arginina e 10&#8208;10 no ensaio de &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Risco de vi&#233;s</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ferramenta de avalia&#231;&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment</span> para estudos individuais est&#225; exposta na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> e no material suplementar&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a qualidade das evid&#234;ncias oferecidas para cada desfecho&#44; de acordo com a abordagem Grade&#44; foi classificada de &#8220;baixa&#8221; a &#8220;moderada&#8221; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46; Consideramos os tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados controlados de baixo risco de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; j&#225; que o m&#233;todo de randomiza&#231;&#227;o foi relatado com o uso das tabelas em bloco e a sequ&#234;ncia foi criada por meio de pesquisa da farm&#225;cia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;56</span></a> Julgamos que um estudo tinha risco de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o incerto&#44; j&#225; que o estudo n&#227;o descreveu adequadamente o m&#233;todo de randomiza&#231;&#227;o e tinha informa&#231;&#245;es insuficientes de oculta&#231;&#227;o de aloca&#231;&#227;o &#40;material suplementar&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a> Todos os quatro estudos foram classificados como de baixo risco de vi&#233;s de desempenho&#44; atrito e de relato&#44; porque todos relataram em seus estudos a descri&#231;&#227;o de estudo duplo&#8208;cego e os tratamentos com placebo n&#227;o eram discern&#237;veis da interven&#231;&#227;o do estudo&#46; Todos os participantes analisados foram inclu&#237;dos para os dados finais&#46; Um relato de todas as medidas de desfechos pretendidos pr&#233;&#8208;especificados foi obtido a partir do registro do estudo online&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a> Tr&#234;s ensaios tinham um risco incerto de detec&#231;&#227;o&#44; porque no registro do estudo n&#227;o havia detalhes claros para julgar e nenhuma declara&#231;&#227;o de informa&#231;&#227;o complementar foi dada para os avaliadores de resultados que foram submetidos ao mascaramento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;57</span></a> Um estudo foi considerado de baixo risco de detec&#231;&#227;o&#44; pois os avaliadores de desfechos foram submetidos ao mascaramento&#44; como declarado no registro do estudo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; todos os estudos tinham um alto risco de outras poss&#237;veis fontes de vieses&#59; a raz&#227;o foi o tamanho da amostra alvo prevista no protocolo do estudo n&#227;o ter sido atingida &#40;material suplementar&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Devido ao n&#250;mero insuficiente de ensaios inclu&#237;dos na revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise &#40;menos de 10&#41;&#44; a implanta&#231;&#227;o do gr&#225;fico de funil para explorar o risco de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Mudan&#231;a na escala do escore de dor</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na compara&#231;&#227;o das mudan&#231;as na escala de dor&#44; no agrupamento dos quatro estudos &#40;a avalia&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da dor foi feita por EVA ou outras ferramentas apropriadas &#224; idade&#44; por exemplo a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Face Pain Scale</span>&#41; uma metan&#225;lise de efeitos aleat&#243;rios ponderados por VI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; indicou que a estimativa da diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada n&#227;o foi significativa entre o f&#225;rmaco analg&#233;sico e os bra&#231;os de controle &#40;DMP &#8208;0&#44;08&#44; IC95&#37; &#8208;0&#44;53&#44; 0&#44;37&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;72&#46; Houve heterogeneidade moderada &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#62; 50&#37;&#41; entre as estimativas dos estudos no desfecho da mudan&#231;a na classifica&#231;&#227;o da dor &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 7&#44;66&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;05&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 61&#37;&#41;&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi baixa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Tempo de perman&#234;ncia no hospital</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para os tr&#234;s estudos que forneceram o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar por epis&#243;dio agudo n&#227;o complicado de crise de dor falciforme&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;57</span></a> a estimativa da diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia agrupada calculada com metan&#225;lise de efeitos fixos ponderados por vari&#225;vel independente &#40;VI&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; indicou que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos droga analg&#233;sica e controle &#40;DM &#8208;5&#44;05 horas&#44; IC 95&#37; &#8208;26&#44;64&#44; 16&#44;55&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;65&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi baixa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#44; sem evid&#234;ncia de heterogeneidade para o desfecho tempo de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar entre os tr&#234;s estudos &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 1&#44;94&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;38&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#37;&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Quantidade de narc&#243;ticos usados durante o estudo</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os mesmos tr&#234;s ensaios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;57</span></a> relataram a diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada agrupada estimada&#44; calculada com metan&#225;lise de efeitos fixos ponderados por VI &#40;DMP &#8208;0&#44;25&#44; IC95&#37; &#8208;0&#44;55&#44; 0&#44;05&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;10 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; Uma diferen&#231;a n&#227;o estatisticamente significante entre o f&#225;rmaco analg&#233;sico e os bra&#231;os de controle para a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados ao longo do estudo foi examinada junto com aus&#234;ncia de heterogeneidade importante &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#61;3&#44;06&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;22&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 35&#37;&#41;&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi moderada &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46; Essa an&#225;lise de desfechos foi relatada por um estudo &#40;fentanil intranasal&#41; como evento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> Cinco &#40;20&#37;&#41; participantes do grupo placebo receberam morfina parenteral em compara&#231;&#227;o com um &#40;4&#37;&#41; participante no grupo interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Em outro estudo &#40;arginina&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> dois participantes nos bra&#231;os placebo foram removidos da an&#225;lise da quantidade de consumo de opioides devido aos registros de analg&#233;sicos incompletos&#46; Ent&#227;o&#44; o n&#250;mero de participantes no bra&#231;o placebo no desfecho quantidade total de uso de opioides para este estudo diminuiu de 28 para 26&#46; Mas esses participantes estavam envolvidos em todas as outras an&#225;lises de desfechos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Eventos adversos</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nossos resultados de an&#225;lises de subgrupos s&#227;o mostrados nas <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0025">figuras 5 e 6</a>&#46; Cada ensaio tinha sua maneira de descrever e tabular diferentes n&#250;meros de eventos adversos&#46; Portanto&#44; planejamos exibir dados de eventos para a propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos que apresentassem eventos adversos menores &#40;hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria&#44; prurido&#44; urtic&#225;ria&#44; dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento&#44; sonol&#234;ncia&#44; n&#225;usea ou v&#244;mito&#44; hip&#243;xia&#44; cefaleia e taquicardia&#41; e eventos adversos graves &#40;s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda&#44; aumento das enzimas hep&#225;ticas&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para tratamento da dor&#44; necessidade de transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea&#44; retorno ao pronto&#8208;socorro dentro de 24 horas&#44; 72 horas ou uma semana e readmiss&#227;o para controle da dor em um m&#234;s&#41; durante o estudo&#46; Para a propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos que apresentaram eventos adversos menores representada pela dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento&#44; uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41; foi demonstrada para a coalesc&#234;ncia de dados de dois estudos &#40;citrato de fentanil intranasal e magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55</span></a> sem heterogeneidade importante &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#44;17&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;68&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#37;&#41;&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi baixa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados desta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise mostram que a maioria dos estudos que relatou a classifica&#231;&#227;o dos escores de dor concluiu que havia uma evid&#234;ncia n&#227;o significativa de melhoria na escala do escore de dor na crise aguda de dor falciforme&#46; Apenas tr&#234;s estudos relataram o tempo de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar e a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo&#44; encontraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o significativa sobre essas medidas de desfecho&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos eventos adversos&#44; para os indiv&#237;duos que experimentaram efeitos colaterais menores&#44; o achado evidenciou meramente uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa de dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco nos estudos com magn&#233;sio intravenoso e citrato de fentanil intranasal&#46; Esses analg&#233;sicos farmacol&#243;gicos t&#234;m impactos inadequados no tratamento da crise de dor falciforme aguda&#44; n&#227;o complicada e isolada&#44; em coortes pedi&#225;tricas&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#225; que os derivados opioides s&#227;o chamados de padr&#227;o&#8208;ouro para o manejo da crise de dor na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; sua a&#231;&#227;o &#233; limitada apenas a um efeito nociceptivo&#44; mas n&#227;o mostram uma a&#231;&#227;o relevante dentro da importante cascata gerada pelas CVO associadas &#224; s&#237;ndrome inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Assim&#44; a amplia&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa em andamento se expande para reconhecer novas perspectivas de tratamento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;23</span></a> Diante dessas inova&#231;&#245;es&#44; o conhecimento fisiopatol&#243;gico das CVO esclareceu a curiosidade cient&#237;fica na literatura&#46; Esses tr&#234;s componentes &#40;magn&#233;sio endovenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalado&#41; revolucionaram&#44; portanto&#44; essa compreens&#227;o profunda&#44; al&#233;m de promover novas abordagens terap&#234;uticas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;25&#44;43&#44;58</span></a>mas exigem mais evid&#234;ncias&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Que seja de nosso conhecimento&#44; este presente estudo &#233; a investiga&#231;&#227;o mais recente que mostra as lacunas desses efeitos farmacol&#243;gicos na faixa et&#225;ria pedi&#225;trica com crise aguda de dor falciforme&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; tr&#234;s dos ensaios inclu&#237;dos &#40;magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalado&#41; usaram a interven&#231;&#227;o com propriedade n&#227;o analg&#233;sica&#44; mas com finalidade analg&#233;sica&#44; que est&#225; ligada aos mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos da dor na doen&#231;a falciforme causada pelas CVO&#46; Os resultados desta metan&#225;lise s&#227;o consistentes com a metan&#225;lise anterior feita por Dunlop et al&#46;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> houve lacunas na vantagem cruzada dos testes de tratamento na diminui&#231;&#227;o das crises de dor aguda na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; bem como no consumo de opioides e tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar&#46; Entretanto&#44; sua metan&#225;lise incluiu nove ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados &#40;seis controlados por placebo e tr&#234;s entre tratamentos&#41; e incluiu crian&#231;as e adultos sem combin&#225;&#8208;los&#46; Suas descobertas mostraram o al&#237;vio completo da crise aguda de dor falciforme em todos os participantes&#44; mas provaram claramente que nenhum dos testes de interven&#231;&#227;o &#233; capaz de tratar completamente esse estado de crise e&#44; al&#233;m disso&#44; as bases de evid&#234;ncias eram inadequadas&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O teste de heterogeneidade dos estudos inclu&#237;dos em todos os desfechos da efic&#225;cia desses tratamentos em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com crise aguda de dor falciforme n&#227;o foi substancial &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#62; 80&#37;&#41;&#46; Houve risco moderado de heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica ao longo da metan&#225;lise da mudan&#231;a na escala do escore de dor&#46; Essa heterogeneidade pode ser explicada pelas diferentes ferramentas e m&#233;todos usados na avalia&#231;&#227;o da dor&#44; como a EVA ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Faces Pain Scale&#44;</span> e o pequeno n&#250;mero de amostras dos estudos inclu&#237;dos&#46; A aus&#234;ncia do risco de heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica na metan&#225;lise do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#233; contabilizado pelo uso&#44; em todos os estudos&#44; de m&#233;todos semelhantes ou semelhantes para estimar o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar&#59; al&#233;m disso&#44; minimiza a inconst&#226;ncia desse resultado&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o risco n&#227;o importante de heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica na quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usada &#233; parcialmente consistente com o n&#237;vel moderado da qualidade das evid&#234;ncias&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na metan&#225;lise&#44; evitamos incluir estudos que recrutaram e combinaram diferentes faixas et&#225;rias e compararam os tratamentos&#44; o que diminui o risco de vi&#233;s&#46; Com quatro estudos de pequena escala sobre o tratamento agudo da crise de dor falciforme n&#227;o complicada&#44; que contribu&#237;ram com dados de 227 pacientes registrados&#44; nosso estudo apresenta evid&#234;ncias insuficientes&#44; enfatiza o manejo substancial na faixa et&#225;ria pedi&#225;trica com crise de dor na c&#233;lula falciforme&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; um estudo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; randomizado&#44; controlado por placebo e com magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; forneceu um relato apenas na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; inclusive os fen&#243;tipos HbSS e HbS&#946;0&#44; com resultados inadequados e triviais sobre o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o e redu&#231;&#227;o dos opioides usados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>Al&#233;m disso&#44; houve grandes barreiras durante a pesquisa bibliogr&#225;fica&#44; como estudos que avaliaram o manejo dos epis&#243;dios agudos de dorna doen&#231;a falciforme que terminaram prematuramente&#44; devido &#224; escassez de participantes dispon&#237;veis nos ensaios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;58&#44;59</span></a> Os eventos adversos foram divididos em propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com eventos menores e maiores para esta metan&#225;lise&#44; com dados excessivamente diversificados para permitir um exame agrupado distinto&#46; Em contraste&#44; fomos capazes de agrupar dois estudos que mostravam que o magn&#233;sio intravenoso e o citrato de fentanil intranasal geraram dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco&#46; O evento do magn&#233;sio intravenoso foi consistente com outro estudo que mostrou calor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o para o bra&#231;o de tratamento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os pontos fortes de pertin&#234;ncia desta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise incluem o fato de que o estudo forneceu a mais recente avalia&#231;&#227;o da efici&#234;ncia e seguran&#231;a do tratamento da crise dolorosa falciforme aguda n&#227;o complicada na faixa et&#225;ria pedi&#225;trica&#46; Tamb&#233;m identificamos tr&#234;s estudos em andamento&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60&#8211;62</span></a> que se concentram meramente em participantes de tr&#234;s a 22 anos&#46; Um deles define a posi&#231;&#227;o ideal da cetamina intranasal que demonstrou um efeito salutar de analgesia em estudos subsequentes de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em medicina pr&#233;&#8208;hospitalar&#44; medicina de emerg&#234;ncia e oncologia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62&#44;63</span></a> Estudos anteriores confirmam que a cetamina tamb&#233;m provoca analgesia clinicamente substancial na dor falciforme&#44; al&#233;m de reduzir o consumo de opi&#225;ceos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;64&#44;65</span></a> Um estudo que comparou o benef&#237;cio analg&#233;sico do fentanil intranasal com a cetamina intranasal deduziu que ambos fornecem analgesia equivalente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a> Qualquer intervalo de confian&#231;a em nosso estudo revelou&#8208;se amplo&#44; indicou e destacou&#44; assim&#44; o significado e a magnitude da busca&#44; a busca nesse dom&#237;nio para gerenciar totalmente a crise e reconhecer o motivo adicional dessa importante diferen&#231;a&#46; A metan&#225;lise de outros desfechos&#44; al&#233;m da mudan&#231;a na escala de escore de dor&#44; mostrou uma heterogeneidade sem import&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica&#44; embora esses resultados n&#227;o tenham sido suficientemente estatisticamente fortes&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; a an&#225;lise pelo m&#233;todo Grade da qualidade para quase todos os desfechos evidencia um baixo n&#237;vel de for&#231;a de evid&#234;ncia devido &#224; presen&#231;a de vieses&#44; inconsist&#234;ncia e imprecis&#227;o&#59; exceto pela quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados&#44; cuja qualidade &#233; um n&#237;vel moderado de evid&#234;ncia&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es que podem ser focadas no trabalho de pesquisa prospectivo&#46; A maioria dos estudos envolvidos nesta revis&#227;o originou&#8208;se em &#225;reas de baixa carga de DF&#44; embora nossa extensa estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa cient&#237;fica tenha identificado v&#225;rios estudos pertinentes&#46; Assim&#44; a maior parte dos estudos eleg&#237;veis tem tamanho de amostra inadequado&#44; portanto pode ter promovido o efeito dos fatores de confus&#227;o na redu&#231;&#227;o da precis&#227;o na estimativa do tamanho do efeito&#44; na diminui&#231;&#227;o da signific&#226;ncia dos achados e na diminui&#231;&#227;o do poder dos ensaios&#46; Alguns estudos inclu&#237;dos foram feitos em um &#250;nico centro&#44; o que pode ter resultado em fatores de confus&#227;o pelo tamanho insuficiente da amostra&#46; A maioria dos ECRs que exploraram a crise de dor falciforme recrutou e combinou tr&#234;s grupos et&#225;rios &#40;crian&#231;as&#44; adultos jovens&#44; idosos&#41; e n&#227;o forneceu dados exclusivos da faixa et&#225;ria de cada participante&#44; cujo uso teria envolvido muitos estudos desta revis&#227;o&#46; As avalia&#231;&#245;es e os m&#233;todos das escalas de dor&#44; seja sua intensidade ou al&#237;vio&#44; usados nos estudos inclu&#237;dos na revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise n&#227;o foram padronizados&#59; por exemplo&#44; dois ensaios usaram dois tipos de medidas de dor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#44;56</span></a> Portanto&#44; a compara&#231;&#227;o entre os ensaios e o agrupamento de dados foi um desafio&#44; e n&#227;o uma tarefa de facilita&#231;&#227;o&#46; Entretanto&#44; essas circunst&#226;ncias podem afetar os resultados da an&#225;lise&#46; Devido ao n&#250;mero insuficiente de estudos eleg&#237;veis na nossa revis&#227;o da metan&#225;lise&#44; a implanta&#231;&#227;o do gr&#225;fico de funil para explorar o risco de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade n&#227;o foi vi&#225;vel&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo&#44; os tratamentos farmacol&#243;gicos analg&#233;sicos pareceram ter resultados incertos na melhoria da intensidade da dor e no al&#237;vio da crise de dor aguda em popula&#231;&#245;es pedi&#225;tricas com DF&#46; Assim&#44; nenhuma dedu&#231;&#227;o decisiva sobre a efici&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica desses analg&#233;sicos farmacol&#243;gicos foi feita&#46; Mais ERCs s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para demonstrar as evid&#234;ncias da for&#231;a de cada estudo&#46; Isso pode fornecer mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre esses medicamentos analg&#233;sicos&#44; a fim de melhorar a redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital e a redu&#231;&#227;o da quantidade de consumo de analg&#233;sicos&#46; Estudos bem desenhados&#44; e com muitos participantes&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para demonstrar as diferen&#231;as substanciais&#46; Estudos futuros devem garantir um maior tamanho de amostra e o equil&#237;brio de cada fen&#243;tipo de DF nos estudos&#44; para evitar a superestima&#231;&#227;o de resultados nas pr&#243;ximas pesquisas&#46; Um estudo de centro &#250;nico deve ser estendido a um estudo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; a fim de fornecer participantes e poder de estudo suficientes&#46; Os pesquisadores precisam de mais avalia&#231;&#245;es para expandir seus estudos em cen&#225;rios e panoramas baseados na DF&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Financiamento</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bolsas de estudos do Chinese National Natural Science Fund<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span> n<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> 81170005 e 81670007&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To capture evidence of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological analgesia for uncomplicated acute sickle&#8208;cell pain in pediatric patients compared to placebo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Sources of data</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Searches for key evidence were performed from March 1 to 31&#44; 2018&#44; for randomized controlled trials of pharmacological analgesia compared to placebo for uncomplicated acute sickle&#8208;cell pain in a pediatric sample&#46; The authors searched ten scientific databases including&#44; among others&#44; PubMed&#44; MEDLINE&#44; Embase&#44; and Clinicaltrials&#46;gov for this systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Summary of the findings</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Four trials &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>227&#41; were selected by the inclusion criteria &#40;intranasal fentanyl&#44; intravenous magnesium&#44; arginine&#44; and inhaled nitric oxide&#41;&#46; The quality of evidence ranged from low to moderate for each outcome&#46; Meta&#8208;analysis of changes in the ladder of pain score &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;72&#41;&#44; length&#8208;of&#8208;stay in hospital &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;65&#41;&#44; and amount of narcotics used during the study &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;10&#41; showed non&#8208;statistically significant differences and a lack of amelioration provided by pharmaceutical analgesics in treatment group&#46; The adverse events reported that more participants in the intervention arm underwent pain&#44; with statistically significant differences at the drug delivery site in studies using intranasal fentanyl and intravenous magnesium &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pharmacological analgesia appears to be uncertain in improving the intensity and providing relief of acute pain crisis in pediatric patients with sickle&#8208;cell anemia&#46; With respect to clinical advantage&#44; no decisive deduction about the clinical efficacy may be made regarding these medications in acute sickle&#8208;cell pain management in the pediatric age group&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obter evid&#234;ncias da efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da analgesia farmacol&#243;gica para dor falciforme aguda n&#227;o complicada em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em compara&#231;&#227;o com placebo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes de dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma busca de evid&#234;ncias&#8208;chave foi feita de 1&#176; a 31 de mar&#231;o de 2018 por ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados controlados de analgesia farmacol&#243;gica em compara&#231;&#227;o com placebo para dor aguda falciforme n&#227;o complicada em uma amostra de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos&#46; Os autores pesquisaram dez bases de dados cient&#237;ficos que envolveram&#44; entre outras&#44; PubMed&#44; Medline&#44; Embase e Clinicaltrials&#46;gov para esta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resumo dos dados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quatro ensaios &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>227&#41; foram considerados para crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o &#40;fentanil intranasal&#44; magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalado&#41;&#46; As evid&#234;ncias de qualidade variaram de baixas a moderadas para cada desfecho&#46; A metan&#225;lise de altera&#231;&#245;es na escala de dor &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;72&#41;&#44; o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;65&#41; e a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;10&#41; mostraram diferen&#231;a n&#227;o estatisticamente significativa e a aus&#234;ncia de melhoria resultante do uso do f&#225;rmaco analg&#233;sico no grupo de tratamento&#46; Os eventos adversos relatados mostraram que no bra&#231;o de interven&#231;&#227;o mais participantes sofreram dor com diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa no local de aplica&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco com o uso de fentanil intranasal e magn&#233;sio intravenoso &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A analgesia farmacol&#243;gica parece ter um efeito incerto na melhoria da intensidade e al&#237;vio da crise de dor aguda em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com doen&#231;a falciforme&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; vantagem cl&#237;nica&#44; ainda &#233; incerta a efic&#225;cia cl&#237;nica desses medicamentos no tratamento da dor aguda falciforme no grupo et&#225;rio pedi&#225;trico&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0055">Como citar este artigo&#58; Saramba MI&#44; Shakya S&#44; Zhao D&#46; Analgesic management of uncomplicated acute sickle&#8208;cell pain crisis in pediatrics&#58; a systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2020&#59;96&#58;142&#8211;58&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Banco de dados&#47;Fonte&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estrat&#233;gia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PubMed &#40;2001 a 2017&#41;Busca limitada a ensaios cl&#237;nicos e &#8220;humanos&#8221;&#91;Termos MeSH&#93;n &#61; 102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#35;1 &#40;&#8220;anemia&#44; sickle cell&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell disease&#8221;&#41;&#35;2 &#40;&#8220;pain&#8221; OU &#8220;acute pain&#8221; OU &#8220;painful&#8221;&#41;&#35;3 &#40;&#8220;randomized controlled trial&#8221; OU&#8220;controlled clinical trial&#8221; OU &#8220;randomized&#8221; OU &#8220;placebo&#8221; OU &#8220;double blinded&#8221;&#41;&#35;4 &#35;1 E &#35;2 E &#35;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clinicaltrials&#46;gov &#40;2001 a 2017&#41;n &#61; 171&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Termo de buscas&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Tipo de Estudo&#58; estudos intervencionistasCondi&#231;&#227;o&#58; anemia&#44; anemia falciforme&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Central &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials of the Cochrane Library</span>&#41; busca limitada a ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#40;2001 a 2017&#41;n &#61; 110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#35;1 Descritor MeSH&#58; &#91;&#8220;anemia&#44; sickle cell&#8221;&#93; explorar todos os tr&#234;s&#35;2 &#40;&#8220;sickle&#8221; ou &#8220;sickle cell&#8221; ou &#8220;sickle cell disease&#8221;&#41;&#35;3 &#35;1 ou &#35;2&#35;4 Descritor MeSH&#58; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>&#93;explorar todos os tr&#234;s&#35;5 Descritor MeSH&#58; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">acute pain</span>&#93; esse termo somente&#35;6 &#8220;painful&#8221;&#35;7 &#35;4 ou &#35;5 ou &#35;6&#35;8 &#35;3 e &#35;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lilacsn &#61; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">tw&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span>&#41; E &#40;por ex&#46;&#58; &#8220;regional&#8221;&#41; E db &#40;Lilacs&#41; Etipo&#95;de&#95;estudo &#40;&#8220;ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#8221;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO ICTRP &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;T&#237;tulo&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Condi&#231;&#227;o&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span>Estado de recrutamento&#58; TODOS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medline &#40;OvidSP&#41;Faixa espec&#237;fica de anos &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46; exp <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anemia&#44; sickle cell</span>&#47;2&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell disease</span>&#41;&#46;tw&#44;kf&#46;3&#46; ou&#47;1&#8208;24&#46; exp <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>&#47;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acute pain</span>6&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">painful</span>&#46;tw&#46;7&#46; ou&#47;4&#8208;68&#46; 3 e 79&#46; randomized controlled trial&#46;pt&#46;10&#46; controlled clinical trial&#46;pt&#46;11&#46; randomi&#42;&#46;tw&#46;12&#46; placebo&#46;ab&#46;13&#46; clinical trial&#46;sh&#46;14&#46; randomly&#46;ab&#46;15&#46; groups&#46;ab&#46;16&#46; trial&#46;tw&#46;17&#46; ou&#47;9&#8208;1618&#46; expel animals&#47;not humans&#47;19&#46; 17 no 1820&#46; 8 e 19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ISRCTN Registryn &#61; 11n &#61; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Busca 1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Condi&#231;&#227;o&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell</span>Busca 2&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Condi&#231;&#227;o&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell disease</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CINAHL &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature</span>&#41; Complete &#40;EBSCOHost&#41;&#58; &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">B1 &#40;MH &#8220;anemia&#44; sickle cell&#43;&#8221;&#41;B2 TX &#40;&#8220;sickle&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell disease&#8221;&#41;B3 B1 OUB2S4 &#40;MH &#8220;pain&#43;&#8221;&#41;S5 TX &#40;&#8220;acute pain&#8221;&#41;S6 TX &#40;&#8220;painful&#8221;&#41;S7 S4 OU S5 OU S6S8 S3 E S7S9 &#40;MH &#8220;clinical trials&#43;&#8221;&#41;S10 PT clinical trialS11 TI &#40;clinic&#42; N1 trial&#42; OU controlled N1 trial&#42;&#41;S12 TI &#40;doubl&#42; N1 blind&#42;&#41;S13 TI &#40;randomi&#42; OU placebo&#42;&#41;S14 S9 OU S10 OU S11 OU S12 OU S13S15 S8 E S14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embase &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#35;1 &#8220;sickle cell anemia&#8221;&#47;exp&#35;2 &#8220;sickle cell anemia&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;3 &#8220;sickle cell&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;4 &#35;1 OU &#35;2 OU &#35;3&#35;5 &#8220;pain&#8221;&#47;exp&#35;6 &#8220;pain&#8221;&#8217;&#58;ab&#44;ti&#35;7 &#35;5 OU &#35;6&#35;8 &#35;4 E &#35;7&#35;9 &#8220;randomized controlled trial&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;10 &#8220;controlled clinical trial&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;11 &#8220;placebo&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;12 &#8220;double blind procedure&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;13 &#35;9 OU &#35;10 OU &#35;11 OU &#35;12&#35;14 &#35;8 E &#35;13&#35;15 &#8220;randomized controlled trial&#8221;&#47;de&#35;16 &#35;14 E &#35;15&#35;17 &#91;Embase&#93;&#47;lim&#35;18 &#35;16 E &#35; 17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Web of Science CPCI&#8208;S &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;N &#61; 27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">T&#243;pico&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anemia&#44; sickle cell</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell disease</span>&#41; E T&#243;pico&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">acute pain</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">painful</span>&#41; E T&#243;pico&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">random</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">randomly</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">randomised</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">randomized</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">blind</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">blinded</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">control group</span> OU placebo OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">controlled study</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">groups</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trial</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trials</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">literature search</span> OU Medline OU Pubmed OU Cochrane OU Embase&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medidas de desfecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Defini&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Em todos os estudos foram usados apenas dois tipos de escala de dor&#44; cada uma com 0 para &#8220;sem dor&#8221; e 10 para &#8220;muita dor&#8221;&#59; a diminui&#231;&#227;o da dor pelo escore de dor &#60; 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm na escala visual anal&#243;gica de dor &#40;EVA&#41; ou &#60; 6&#176; n&#250;mero &#40;Escala de Dor Facial&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital &#40;horas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Registrado como o n&#250;mero de horas desde o in&#237;cio da primeira medica&#231;&#227;o do estudo at&#233; o momento da alta hospitalar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade cumulativa de opioides intravenosos parenterais usada durante o estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Propor&#231;&#227;o com eventos adversos menores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inclui hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria&#44; prurido&#44; urtic&#225;ria&#44; dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento&#44; sonol&#234;ncia&#44; n&#225;usea ou v&#244;mito&#44; hip&#243;xia&#44; dor de cabe&#231;a&#44; taquicardia&#44; durante o estudo&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Propor&#231;&#227;o com eventos adversos graves&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incid&#234;ncia ocorrida durante o estudo com deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica aguda&#44; inclusive complica&#231;&#245;es graves de um CVO com transfus&#227;o de gl&#243;bulos vermelhos&#44; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda&#44; enzimas de fun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica aumentadas&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para tratamento da dor&#44; retorno ao departamento de emerg&#234;ncia em uma semana&#44; 24 horas e 72 horas&#44; e re&#8208;hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para controle da dor em um m&#234;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estudo&#44; Ano &#40;Refer&#234;ncia&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Randomizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analisado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interrompido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gera&#231;&#227;o de sequ&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Oculta&#231;&#227;o da aloca&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mascaramento dos participantes e de pessoal &#40;vi&#233;s de desempenho&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o de desfechos &#40;vi&#233;s de detec&#231;&#227;o&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dados de desfecho incompletos &#40;vi&#233;s de atrito&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relato seletivo &#40;vi&#233;s de relato&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Qualidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fein 2016&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 11&#40;faltando&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Goldman 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morris 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Weiner 2003&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de qualidade do estudo individual</p>"
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      9 => array:8 [
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            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">I&#44; interven&#231;&#227;o&#59; NA&#44; n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel&#59; NR&#44; n&#227;o relatado&#59; P&#44; placebo&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span>&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Popula&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Desenho do estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Grupos de Tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tamanho total</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;dia da idade &#40;DP&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Altera&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; no escore de dor</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; de perman&#234;ncia &#40;horas&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; da quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fein 2016&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF com 3&#8208;20 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo randomizado paralelo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Citrato de fentanil intranasal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;solu&#231;&#227;o salina normal&#41; Dosagem&#58; dose &#250;nica de 2 &#956;g&#47;kg&#44; m&#225;ximo de 100 &#956;g&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;6 &#40;5&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5 &#40;5&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;12 &#40;4&#44;984&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;399&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Goldman 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF entre 4 e 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo randomizado paralelo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sulfato de magn&#233;sio intravenoso <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;solu&#231;&#227;o salina normal&#41;Dosagem&#58; a cada 8 horas&#44; doses de 100 mg&#47;kg&#44; m&#225;ximo de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g por dose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;4 &#40;4&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;4 &#40;3&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;4 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">132&#44;6 &#40;106&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">117&#44;9 &#40;72&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;47 &#40;7&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;96 &#40;6&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morris 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF entre 3&#44;6 e 19 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo randomizado de grupo &#250;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cloridrato de L&#8208;arginina por via intravenosa ou oral <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;solu&#231;&#227;o salina ou p&#237;lula de a&#231;&#250;car&#41;Dosagem&#58; tr&#234;s vezes&#47;dia&#44; doses de 100 mg&#47;kg&#44; m&#225;ximo de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g por 15 doses ou at&#233; a alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;8 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">98&#44;4 &#40;43&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">115&#44;2 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1 &#40;4&#44;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Weiner 2003&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF entre 10 e 21 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo piloto randomizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#211;xido n&#237;trico inalado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;oxig&#234;nio inspirado&#41; Dosagem&#58; 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm com 21&#37; de concentra&#231;&#227;o final de oxig&#234;nio inspirado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;6 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;6&#44;702&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;2 &#40;4&#44;021&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;134&#44;556&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;223&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;1&#44;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;91 &#40;1&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Paciente ou popula&#231;&#227;o&#58; pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com DF&#46;</p><p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Locais&#58; grande hospital infantil urbano quatern&#225;rio &#40;Emerg&#234;ncia pedi&#225;trica &#40;EP&#41;&#44; Montefiore&#44; Nova York&#44; Estados Unidos&#41;&#59; EP &#40;Toronto&#44; Canad&#225;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Children&#39;s Hospital Research Center</span> &#40;Oakland&#44; Calif&#243;rnia&#44; EUA&#41;&#59; hospital universit&#225;rio acad&#234;mico urbano&#44; de atendimento terci&#225;rio &#40;Estados Unidos&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Interven&#231;&#227;o&#58; medicamentos analg&#233;sicos&#46;</p><p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o&#58; Placebo</p><p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC&#44; intervalo de confian&#231;a&#59; NA&#44; n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel&#59; RR&#44; raz&#227;o de risco&#46;</p><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Graus de evid&#234;ncia do Grade Working Group</p><p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alta qualidade&#58; &#201; muito improv&#225;vel que pesquisas posteriores mudem nossa confian&#231;a na estimativa do efeito&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Qualidade moderada&#58; &#201; prov&#225;vel que mais pesquisas tenham um impacto importante em nossa confian&#231;a na estimativa do efeito e possam alterar a estimativa&#46;</p><p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baixa qualidade&#58; &#201; muito prov&#225;vel que pesquisas futuras tenham um impacto importante em nossa confian&#231;a na estimativa do efeito e possam alterar a estimativa&#46;</p><p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Qualidade muito baixa&#58; estamos muito incertos sobre a estimativa&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Uso de medicamentos analg&#233;sicos comparados ao placebo em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com crise dolorosa aguda em DF</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Desfechos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Riscos comparativos ilustrativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Efeito relativo &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">N<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>de Participantes &#40;estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Qualidade da evid&#234;ncia &#40;Grade&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Coment&#225;rios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Risco assumido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Risco correspondente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medicamentos analg&#233;sicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mudan&#231;a no n&#237;vel do escore de dor &#40;medida pela escala de dor com dor importante&#41;Escala anal&#243;gica visual e escala de classifica&#231;&#227;o de dor de Wong&#8208;Baker FACES modificada&#46; Escala de&#58; 0 a 10&#46; Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada na taxa de dor causada por crises vaso&#8208;oclusivas &#40;medida pela escala de dor com dor importante&#41; nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o foi de 0&#44;08 &#40;0&#44;53 mais baixa para 0&#44;37 mais alta&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">227 &#40;4 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi evidenciada no escore m&#233;dio padronizado de dor entre o bra&#231;o da interven&#231;&#227;o em compara&#231;&#227;o com o do placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital &#40;horas&#41;Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A m&#233;dia de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#40;horas&#41; nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o foi de 5&#44;05&#40;26&#44;64 menor para 16&#44;55 maior&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">178 &#40;3 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi evidente no tempo m&#233;dio de interna&#231;&#227;o&#44; principalmente no hospital entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo Acompanhamento&#58; N&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade m&#233;dia padronizada de analg&#233;sicos usada durante o estudo nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o foi de 0&#44;25 menor&#40;0&#44;55 menor para 0&#44;05 maior&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;3 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#8853;&#63; moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi evidente na quantidade m&#233;dia padronizada de analg&#233;sicos uszados entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeitos adversos &#40;menores&#41;&#58; hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 de 116 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 de 111 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 1&#46;40 &#40;0&#44;22 a 4&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">227 &#40;4 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada na hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria entre os bra&#231;os da interven&#231;&#227;o e do placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeito adverso &#40;menor&#41;&#58; pruridoAcompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 78 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 75 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 1&#46;04 &#40;0&#44;19 a 5&#44;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">153 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o a prurido entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeito adverso &#40;menor&#41;&#58; urtic&#225;riaAcompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 de 28 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 de 28 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 3&#44;22 &#40;0&#44;14 a 75&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;1 estudo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; urtic&#225;ria entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeito adverso &#40;menor&#41;&#58; dor no local de aplica&#231;&#227;o do medicamento Acompanhamento&#58; N&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 78 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 de 75 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 4&#44;37 &#40;1&#44;14 a 16&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">153 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Houve uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; dor no local de aplica&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eventos adversos graves&#58; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 de 53 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 50 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 0&#44;75 &#40;0&#44;16 a 3&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eventos adversos graves&#58; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para controle da dor Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 de 25 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13de 24 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 0&#44;85 &#40;0&#44;53 a 1&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;1 estudo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#8853;&#63; moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para manejo da dor entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eventos adversos graves&#58; necessidade de transfus&#227;o de sangue&#46; Acompanhamento&#58; N&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 de 53 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 50 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 1&#44;58 &#40;0&#44;27 a 9&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; necessidade de transfus&#227;o de sangue entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Rebaixamos a qualidade da evid&#234;ncia em um n&#237;vel&#44; devido ao s&#233;rio risco de vi&#233;s&#46; O m&#233;todo de mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o do desfecho n&#227;o foi claramente relatado&#59; ent&#227;o&#44; rebaixamento de um n&#237;vel&#44; do original alto&#46;</p>"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">Evid&#234;ncia rebaixada em um n&#237;vel devido &#224; s&#233;ria limita&#231;&#227;o do risco de vi&#233;s&#58; o tamanho da amostra pretendida pelo protocolo n&#227;o atingiu seu objetivo&#46;</p>"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Os resultados do ensaio foram apresentados como mediana ou diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia&#44; de modo que uma avalia&#231;&#227;o de risco no bra&#231;o de controle n&#227;o era vi&#225;vel&#46;</p>"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease across the lifespan"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "L&#46;H&#46; Pecker"
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                        "editores" => "E&#46;R&#46;Meier, A&#46;Abraham, R&#46;M&#46;Fasano"
                        "titulo" => "Sickle cell disease and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation&#46; Sickle Cell Disease"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                        "serieFecha" => "2018"
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Artigo de revisão
Analgesic management of uncomplicated acute sickle‐cell pain crisis in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Manejo analgésico da crise dolorosa falciforme não complicada em pediatria: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise
Manou Irmina Saramba, Sandeep Shakya, Dongchi Zhao
Autor para correspondência
zhao_wh2004@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Children's Digital and Health Data Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan, China
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pode ocorrer a crise vaso&#8208;oclusiva &#40;CVO&#41;&#44; o marcador de DF&#44; que causa a obstru&#231;&#227;o dos leitos microvasculares e leva &#224; isquemia tecidual&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> A crise de dor aguda &#233; uma caracter&#237;stica importante da express&#227;o externa de CVO&#44; varia de dor leve a grave e debilitante&#44; que pode continuar por horas a semanas&#46; Muito frequentemente&#44; essa &#233; a raz&#227;o para procurar atendimento m&#233;dico no departamento de emerg&#234;ncia &#40;DE&#41; em aproximadamente 70&#37; das crian&#231;as com anemia falciforme e que resulta no aumento das taxas de re&#8208;hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;17</span></a>A incid&#234;ncia de crise aguda dolorosa tende a aumentar durante toda a inf&#226;ncia e &#233; maior na adolesc&#234;ncia&#46; Os primeiros anos de vida s&#227;o&#44; no entanto&#44; o momento cr&#237;tico do in&#237;cio da crise de dor aguda&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;18</span></a> Apesar do profundo conhecimento da dor aguda falciforme&#44; o al&#237;vio continua a ser um grande desafio em crian&#231;as&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At&#233; agora&#44; a terapia para o controle da dor na CVO n&#227;o demonstrou efici&#234;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Geralmente&#44; o al&#237;vio sintom&#225;tico da crise da dor aguda n&#227;o complicada na doen&#231;a falciforme depende do uso de anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroidais &#40;AINEs&#41;&#44; opioides&#44; hidrata&#231;&#227;o&#44; analg&#233;sicos comuns&#44; medicamentos adjuvantes e a tend&#234;ncia recente de uso de um anest&#233;sico dissociativo&#46; De modo geral&#44; acredita&#8208;se que os derivados de opi&#225;ceos sejam os analg&#233;sicos padr&#227;o&#8208;ouro usados no manejo da dor falciforme secund&#225;ria &#224; CVO&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;20&#44;21</span></a> Em caso de dor n&#227;o controlada por opi&#225;ceos intravenosos em altas doses&#44; um anest&#233;sico dissociativo como a cetamina pode ser usado como uma das op&#231;&#245;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> A revis&#227;o de interven&#231;&#227;o de Dunlop&#44; baseada em nove ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados &#40;ECRs&#41;&#44; concluiu que a maioria dos estudos n&#227;o atingiu seus objetivos e &#233; imposs&#237;vel fazer uma metan&#225;lise relevante devido &#224; insufici&#234;ncia de dados&#44; pequeno tamanho da amostra e inconsist&#234;ncias nos m&#233;todos e relatos&#46; Assim&#44; os autores julgaram que as evid&#234;ncias para interven&#231;&#245;es analg&#233;sicas nas crises de dor na doen&#231;a falciforme foram restritas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Em 2015&#44; Archer et al&#46; delinearam os limites dos opioides que melhor controlam o quadro nociceptivo em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; fisiopatologia&#44; destacaram a crise vaso&#8208;oclusiva e seus efeitos inflamat&#243;rios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Diversas abordagens foram relatadas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao avan&#231;o profundo da compreens&#227;o da fisiopatogenia subjacente &#224; crise de dor falciforme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;24&#44;25</span></a> Portanto&#44; acredita&#8208;se ser necess&#225;rio um novo tipo de terapia para administrar na crise de dor&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O fentanil intranasal &#233; uma escolha adequada de opioide em compara&#231;&#227;o com a via de administra&#231;&#227;o de opi&#225;ceos parenterais&#44; a fim de atingir os alvos diretos para atenuar a dor de forma r&#225;pida e eficiente&#44; evitar o uso de opioides intramusculares ou intravenosos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;20</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a mucosa nasal &#233; uma &#225;rea ampla&#44; com rico plexo vascular e uma via r&#225;pida para a administra&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos sem passar pela degrada&#231;&#227;o gastrointestinal ou pelo metabolismo hep&#225;tico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Com base nos avan&#231;os do conhecimento fisiopatol&#243;gico das CVO&#44; esses tr&#234;s componentes&#44; magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalat&#243;rio&#44; trouxeram luz &#224; curiosidade cient&#237;fica na literatura por seu papel cr&#237;tico na regula&#231;&#227;o do endot&#233;lio e da s&#237;ndrome inflamat&#243;ria durante a crise falciforme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;36</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; presumimos que era um momento adequado para fazer uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise de ECRs para avaliar a efici&#234;ncia e a seguran&#231;a desses f&#225;rmacos com objetivos analg&#233;sicos&#46; Esta revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise foi feita para reunir um extenso n&#250;mero de ensaios experimentais&#44; avaliar a mudan&#231;a na escala de escore de dor&#44; o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo em uma amostra pedi&#225;trica com crises vaso&#8208;oclusivas agudas n&#227;o complicadas na doen&#231;a falciforme&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa do estudo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise&#44; buscamos os estudos e as refer&#234;ncias de dois artigos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;37</span></a>As pesquisas foram feitas independentemente de onde os estudos foram conduzidos&#44; sem restri&#231;&#245;es de linguagem e limitados a seres humanos&#46; O plano de estudos obedeceu &#224;s diretrizes do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta&#8208;Analyses</span> &#40;Prisma&#41; para metan&#225;lise de estudos de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A busca foi feita em dez bancos de dados cient&#237;ficos de 1&#176; a 31 de mar&#231;o de 2018&#44; de estudos publicados entre 1&#176; de janeiro de 2001 e 31 de dezembro de 2017&#58; Medline &#40;OvidSP&#41;&#44; Embase&#44; PubMed&#44; Central&#44; Lilacs&#44; ISRCTN Registry&#44; CINAHL &#40;EBSCOHost&#41;&#44; Web of Science &#40;CPCI&#8208;S&#41; para ECRs&#46; Para estudos em andamento&#44; procuramos em Clinicaltrials&#46;gov e WHO&#8208;ICTRP&#46; Para cada banco de dados&#44; uma estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa abrangente foi expandida&#44; com o uso dos operadores booleanos e controlada pelos termos MeSH&#46; Alguns dos termos de busca&#44; como detalhado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#44; inclu&#237;ram&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anemia&#44; sickle cell&#44; pain&#44; acute pain&#44; randomized controlled trial&#44; placebo&#44; clinical trial</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">double blind&#46;</span> Al&#233;m disso&#44; para pesquisas posteriores&#44; usamos o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Google scholar</span> e procuramos manualmente em outras bibliografias a partir de estudos considerados como refer&#234;ncia fornecida a outros estudos ou perdidos na pesquisa eletr&#244;nica principal&#46; Apenas os artigos publicados sob revis&#227;o por pares foram considerados para o nosso trabalho de pesquisa&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Sele&#231;&#227;o de estudos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dois autores da revis&#227;o &#40;MIS e SS&#41; pesquisaram independentemente os bancos de dados&#46; Tamb&#233;m identificaram independentemente&#44; entre os estudos recuperados&#44; quais eram pertinentes e examinaram os textos completos para decidir sua elegibilidade de acordo com os crit&#233;rios&#46; Quaisquer discrep&#226;ncias sobre a inclus&#227;o de artigos de texto completo foram elucidadas e resolvidas por consenso com todos os investigadores&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para serem considerados&#44; os ensaios cl&#237;nicos precisavam ter pelo menos dez participantes em cada grupo e em qualquer cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico&#59; precisavam ser estudos randomizados&#44; duplo&#8208;cegos&#44; controlados com placebo&#44; juntamente com desenho de estudo em paralelo ou de grupo &#250;nico e&#47;ou estudo piloto e cujo tipo de interven&#231;&#245;es tinham finalidade analg&#233;sica&#46; A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo era de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos entre tr&#234;s e &#8804; 21 anos&#44; com tr&#234;s gen&#243;tipos de DF&#44; limitados a HbSS&#44; HbSC e HbS&#8208;&#946; talassemia&#44; que tiveram um epis&#243;dio de dor aguda n&#227;o complicada de CVO&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos n&#227;o randomizados e ECRs que relataram a combina&#231;&#227;o de elegibilidade de participantes ambos pedi&#225;tricos e adultos&#44; estudos em animais e estudos que forneceram resultados em participantes com crise grave de dor falciforme complicada &#40;por exemplo&#44; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda&#44; sequestro espl&#234;nico agudo e acidente vascular encef&#225;lico&#41; e dor falciforme cr&#244;nica&#44; estudos apenas com resumos dispon&#237;veis e com compara&#231;&#227;o ativa de f&#225;rmacos e duplo&#8208;cegos&#46; Portanto&#44; exclu&#237;mos sete estudos&#58; tr&#234;s n&#227;o ECRs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#8211;41</span></a> um estudo com poucos participantes dispon&#237;veis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> um que incluiu apenas dois gen&#243;tipos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> um que avaliou dor cr&#244;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> e um com compara&#231;&#227;o ativa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> Os estudos inclu&#237;dos delinearam duas das seguintes medidas de desfecho&#58; avalia&#231;&#227;o do escore de dor&#44; tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise cumulativa do consumo de analg&#233;sicos e eventos adversos &#40;as defini&#231;&#245;es de medidas de desfecho s&#227;o relatadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; Efetivamente&#44; exclu&#237;mos os estudos relacionados &#224; terapia modificadora da doen&#231;a &#40;por exemplo&#44; hidroxiureia&#41; da DF&#44; que &#233; ben&#233;fica para as CVO&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos tamb&#233;m os estudos que abordaram interven&#231;&#245;es&#44; particularmente transfus&#245;es sangu&#237;neas regulares&#44; coloides&#44; reposi&#231;&#227;o de fluidos e anticoagulantes que s&#227;o usados para impedir as crises da DF e para minimizar a frequ&#234;ncia da dor ao impedir a deforma&#231;&#227;o falciforme&#46; N&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos na revis&#227;o estudos que usaram interven&#231;&#245;es de terapia analg&#233;sica agressiva com tratamento sist&#234;mico &#40;administra&#231;&#227;o oral&#44; subcut&#226;nea&#44; epidural e intramuscular&#41; com o uso de opioides fortes&#44; opioides fracos &#40;code&#237;na e dextropropoxifeno&#41; e agentes n&#227;o opioides &#40;paracetamol e AINEs&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Extra&#231;&#227;o de dados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um autor &#40;MIS&#41; fez a extra&#231;&#227;o de dados dos estudos inclu&#237;dos que foram revisados por todos os investigadores &#40;SS e DZ&#41; e todas as discrep&#226;ncias tamb&#233;m foram resolvidas com todos os autores atrav&#233;s de consenso&#46; Um investigador &#40;MIS&#41; extraiu os detalhes gerais de cada estudo de acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</span>&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> que foi subsequentemente conferido por todos os autores da revis&#227;o&#46; O formul&#225;rio incluiu o primeiro autor e ano de publica&#231;&#227;o&#44; local&#44; cen&#225;rio e desenho do estudo&#44; caracter&#237;sticas dos participantes&#44; descri&#231;&#227;o das interven&#231;&#245;es e resultados do estudo &#40;desfechos pr&#233;&#8208;especificados&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de qualidade e risco de vi&#233;s</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O risco de vi&#233;s para a qualidade metodol&#243;gica dos ensaios eleg&#237;veis foi determinado e avaliado por um dos autores da revis&#227;o &#40;MIS&#41;&#44; seguido de revis&#227;o por todos os pesquisadores com o uso de cada dom&#237;nio de vi&#233;s relevante de acordo com as ferramentas de avalia&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Risk Assessment Tools for Randomized Study Designs</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> Cada estudo foi avaliado como baixo&#44; alto ou incerto risco de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o &#40;gera&#231;&#227;o de sequ&#234;ncia aleat&#243;ria e oculta&#231;&#227;o de aloca&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de desempenho &#40;mascaramento dos participantes e pessoal&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de detec&#231;&#227;o &#40;mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o de desfechos&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de atrito &#40;dados de desfecho incompletos&#41;&#44; vi&#233;s de relato &#40;relato seletivo&#41; e outro vieses &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#44; mais detalhes no material suplementar&#41;&#46; Quaisquer discrep&#226;ncias foram resolvidas por consenso de todos os investigadores&#46; Como recomendado pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Collaboration</span>&#44; a metodologia Grade &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grading of Recommendation Assessment&#44; Development and Evaluation</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> foi usada para classificar a qualidade da evid&#234;ncia para o desfecho individual com o uso dos cinco dom&#237;nios principais&#44; inclusive limita&#231;&#227;o do desenho ou execu&#231;&#227;o do estudo &#40;risco de vi&#233;s&#41;&#59; inconsist&#234;ncia&#44; desvio e imprecis&#227;o de resultados e publica&#231;&#227;o de vi&#233;s&#46; Assim&#44; tabulamos essa qualidade de evid&#234;ncia como muito baixa&#44; baixa&#44; moderada ou alta para cada desfecho&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">S&#237;ntese e an&#225;lise de dados</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir de cada medida de desfecho&#44; extra&#237;mos diretamente a m&#233;dia &#40;desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o &#91;DP&#93; ou a calculamos da mediana e dos intervalos interquartis &#40;IIQ&#41; com o uso do m&#233;todo de Hozo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Registramos os desfechos cont&#237;nuos como diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia &#40;DM&#41; junto com intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&#44; nos quais os desfechos s&#227;o medidos com a mesma escala entre os estudos &#40;tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital&#41; e como diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada &#40;DMP&#41;&#46; Os estudos usaram diferentes escalas ou unidades para medir dados id&#234;nticos &#40;mudan&#231;a na escala do escore de dor e quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o n&#250;mero de eventos de cada estudo dividido em dois bra&#231;os &#40;categorizado pelo mesmo investigador em menor e grave&#41; e o resumo estat&#237;stico apresentado em resultados dicot&#244;micos como taxa de risco &#40;RR&#41; e IC95&#37; foram extra&#237;dos&#46; Fizemos contato com os principais autores das revis&#245;es e dos estudos identificados para solicitar quaisquer dados n&#227;o publicados ou ausentes&#46; Derivamos estimativas agrupadas de DMP&#44; DM e IC95&#37; a partir da m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; com modelos de efeitos aleat&#243;rios ponderados por vari&#226;ncia inversa &#40;VI&#41; nos quais a heterogeneidade foi moderada&#46; Em contraste&#44; usamos modelos de efeitos fixos&#44; nos quais a heterogeneidade foi considerada como n&#227;o importante ou nula&#46; Calculamos as estimativas resumidas gerais de RR e IC95&#37; com modelos de efeitos fixos ponderados por Mantel&#8208;Haenszel para eventos durante o estudo&#46; Para determinar a avalia&#231;&#227;o da heterogeneidade entre os efeitos da interven&#231;&#227;o&#44; usamos o teste de qui&#8208;quadrado &#40;&#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; de Cochrane&#44; juntamente com o valor de p &#60; 0&#44;10 para avaliar as an&#225;lises dos subgrupos&#46; Tamb&#233;m usamos uma medida opcional da heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica com o m&#233;todo de inconsist&#234;ncia &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; que expressa entre 0&#37; e 100&#37; e a tabulamos como n&#227;o significativa &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#60; 50&#37;&#41;&#44; moderada &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#8805; 50&#37;&#41;&#44; ou significativa &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#707; 80&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;51</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fizemos an&#225;lises para explorar o impacto das interven&#231;&#245;es analg&#233;sicas com f&#225;rmacos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controle sobre a DMP da mudan&#231;a na escala de dor para a crise de dor aguda falciforme n&#227;o complicada&#44; na DM de tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e na DMP da quantidade de f&#225;rmacos usada durante o estudo&#46; Fizemos an&#225;lises de subgrupos para considerar os diversos eventos adversos ocorridos nos dois bra&#231;os durante o estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A publica&#231;&#227;o de vieses avaliados para produzir gr&#225;ficos de funil e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade n&#227;o p&#244;de ser investigada&#44; uma vez que identificamos um n&#250;mero pequeno de estudos &#40;menos de 10&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;52</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; n&#227;o ter&#237;amos alcan&#231;ado uma revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise se a heterogeneidade identificada fosse de 80&#37; ou mais&#46; Todas as an&#225;lises foram feitas com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> Review Manager &#40;RevMan&#41; &#91;Computer program&#93; vers&#227;o 5&#46;3&#46; Copenhagen&#58; The Nordic Cochrane Centre&#44; The Cochrane Collaboration&#44; 2014&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nossas principais evid&#234;ncias de pesquisas iniciais recuperaram 692 registros&#44; dos quais 14 potencialmente relevantes foram selecionados para revis&#227;o de texto completo&#46; Desses&#44; foram considerados quatro ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados que preencheram os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O resumo das caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos est&#225; descrito na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a> e no material suplementar&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; esses estudos foram publicados de 2003 a 2016&#46; Quatro estudos inclu&#237;ram 227 participantes&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a> entre eles&#44; 111 inclu&#237;dos no grupo de interven&#231;&#227;o e 116 no grupo placebo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em estudos para inclus&#227;o em metan&#225;lise&#44; encontramos tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados&#44; com interven&#231;&#227;o e uso de f&#225;rmacos que t&#234;m um papel crucial para intervir no mecanismo patol&#243;gico das CVO&#44; inclusive magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#44; e um ECR com fentanil intranasal que &#233; um derivado opioide&#46; Todos os ECRs foram comparados com um bra&#231;o de tratamento com placebo e esses f&#225;rmacos foram posteriormente investigados&#46; Havia dois estudos com desenho paralelo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55</span></a> um desenho de grupo &#250;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> e um desenho de estudo&#8208;piloto&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a> Todos os ensaios inclu&#237;dos foram de indiv&#237;duos admitidos no DE devido a um epis&#243;dio agudo de crise de dor causada por CVO com o uso da escala de mensura&#231;&#227;o da dor de pequena dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento&#46; Tr&#234;s dos estudos inclu&#237;dos foram feitos nos Estados Unidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;56&#44;57</span></a> e somente um foi feito no Canad&#225;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O n&#250;mero total de participantes em estudos inclu&#237;dos n&#227;o foi diferente nos bra&#231;os de interven&#231;&#227;o &#40;111&#41; e placebo &#40;116&#41; e o n&#250;mero total de participantes em cada ensaio ficou entre 20 e 104&#46; Todos os estudos focaram em epis&#243;dios agudos imprevis&#237;veis e n&#227;o complicados de crise de dor na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; com fen&#243;tipos identificados como HbSS&#44; HbSC e HbS&#946;&#8208;talassemia&#46; Dos 227 participantes envolvidos&#44; 149 &#40;65&#44;6&#37;&#41; tinham HbSS&#44; 61 &#40;26&#44;9&#37;&#41; HbSC e apenas 17 &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#41; tinham HbS&#946;&#8208;talassemia&#44; 115 &#40;50&#44;66&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino e 112 &#40;49&#44;34&#37;&#41; do feminino&#46; Quarenta e nove participantes eram eleg&#237;veis e foram inclu&#237;dos para an&#225;lise no ensaio de fentanil intranasal&#44; 104 no ensaio de magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; 54 no ensaio de arginina e apenas 20 no ensaio de &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#46; Em dois grupos &#40;tratamento e controle&#41;&#44; em todos os estudos&#44; a menor m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; de idade dos participantes variou de 10&#44;6 &#40;5&#44;3&#41; &#224; maior m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; de 17&#44;6 &#40;2&#44;4&#41; anos&#46; A divis&#227;o dos participantes em cada um dos bra&#231;os &#40;interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&#41; em todos os ensaios foi quase igual &#40;24&#8208;25&#41; no ensaio de fentanil intranasal&#44; 51&#8208;53 no ensaio de magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; 26&#8208;28 no ensaio com arginina e 10&#8208;10 no ensaio de &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Risco de vi&#233;s</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ferramenta de avalia&#231;&#227;o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment</span> para estudos individuais est&#225; exposta na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> e no material suplementar&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a qualidade das evid&#234;ncias oferecidas para cada desfecho&#44; de acordo com a abordagem Grade&#44; foi classificada de &#8220;baixa&#8221; a &#8220;moderada&#8221; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46; Consideramos os tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados controlados de baixo risco de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o&#44; j&#225; que o m&#233;todo de randomiza&#231;&#227;o foi relatado com o uso das tabelas em bloco e a sequ&#234;ncia foi criada por meio de pesquisa da farm&#225;cia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;56</span></a> Julgamos que um estudo tinha risco de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o incerto&#44; j&#225; que o estudo n&#227;o descreveu adequadamente o m&#233;todo de randomiza&#231;&#227;o e tinha informa&#231;&#245;es insuficientes de oculta&#231;&#227;o de aloca&#231;&#227;o &#40;material suplementar&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a> Todos os quatro estudos foram classificados como de baixo risco de vi&#233;s de desempenho&#44; atrito e de relato&#44; porque todos relataram em seus estudos a descri&#231;&#227;o de estudo duplo&#8208;cego e os tratamentos com placebo n&#227;o eram discern&#237;veis da interven&#231;&#227;o do estudo&#46; Todos os participantes analisados foram inclu&#237;dos para os dados finais&#46; Um relato de todas as medidas de desfechos pretendidos pr&#233;&#8208;especificados foi obtido a partir do registro do estudo online&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a> Tr&#234;s ensaios tinham um risco incerto de detec&#231;&#227;o&#44; porque no registro do estudo n&#227;o havia detalhes claros para julgar e nenhuma declara&#231;&#227;o de informa&#231;&#227;o complementar foi dada para os avaliadores de resultados que foram submetidos ao mascaramento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;57</span></a> Um estudo foi considerado de baixo risco de detec&#231;&#227;o&#44; pois os avaliadores de desfechos foram submetidos ao mascaramento&#44; como declarado no registro do estudo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; todos os estudos tinham um alto risco de outras poss&#237;veis fontes de vieses&#59; a raz&#227;o foi o tamanho da amostra alvo prevista no protocolo do estudo n&#227;o ter sido atingida &#40;material suplementar&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Devido ao n&#250;mero insuficiente de ensaios inclu&#237;dos na revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise &#40;menos de 10&#41;&#44; a implanta&#231;&#227;o do gr&#225;fico de funil para explorar o risco de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Mudan&#231;a na escala do escore de dor</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na compara&#231;&#227;o das mudan&#231;as na escala de dor&#44; no agrupamento dos quatro estudos &#40;a avalia&#231;&#227;o da intensidade da dor foi feita por EVA ou outras ferramentas apropriadas &#224; idade&#44; por exemplo a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Face Pain Scale</span>&#41; uma metan&#225;lise de efeitos aleat&#243;rios ponderados por VI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; indicou que a estimativa da diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada n&#227;o foi significativa entre o f&#225;rmaco analg&#233;sico e os bra&#231;os de controle &#40;DMP &#8208;0&#44;08&#44; IC95&#37; &#8208;0&#44;53&#44; 0&#44;37&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;72&#46; Houve heterogeneidade moderada &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#62; 50&#37;&#41; entre as estimativas dos estudos no desfecho da mudan&#231;a na classifica&#231;&#227;o da dor &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 7&#44;66&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;05&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 61&#37;&#41;&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi baixa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Tempo de perman&#234;ncia no hospital</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para os tr&#234;s estudos que forneceram o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar por epis&#243;dio agudo n&#227;o complicado de crise de dor falciforme&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;57</span></a> a estimativa da diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia agrupada calculada com metan&#225;lise de efeitos fixos ponderados por vari&#225;vel independente &#40;VI&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; indicou que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos droga analg&#233;sica e controle &#40;DM &#8208;5&#44;05 horas&#44; IC 95&#37; &#8208;26&#44;64&#44; 16&#44;55&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;65&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi baixa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#44; sem evid&#234;ncia de heterogeneidade para o desfecho tempo de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar entre os tr&#234;s estudos &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 1&#44;94&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;38&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#37;&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Quantidade de narc&#243;ticos usados durante o estudo</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os mesmos tr&#234;s ensaios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;57</span></a> relataram a diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada agrupada estimada&#44; calculada com metan&#225;lise de efeitos fixos ponderados por VI &#40;DMP &#8208;0&#44;25&#44; IC95&#37; &#8208;0&#44;55&#44; 0&#44;05&#41;&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;10 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; Uma diferen&#231;a n&#227;o estatisticamente significante entre o f&#225;rmaco analg&#233;sico e os bra&#231;os de controle para a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados ao longo do estudo foi examinada junto com aus&#234;ncia de heterogeneidade importante &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#61;3&#44;06&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;22&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 35&#37;&#41;&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi moderada &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46; Essa an&#225;lise de desfechos foi relatada por um estudo &#40;fentanil intranasal&#41; como evento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> Cinco &#40;20&#37;&#41; participantes do grupo placebo receberam morfina parenteral em compara&#231;&#227;o com um &#40;4&#37;&#41; participante no grupo interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; Em outro estudo &#40;arginina&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> dois participantes nos bra&#231;os placebo foram removidos da an&#225;lise da quantidade de consumo de opioides devido aos registros de analg&#233;sicos incompletos&#46; Ent&#227;o&#44; o n&#250;mero de participantes no bra&#231;o placebo no desfecho quantidade total de uso de opioides para este estudo diminuiu de 28 para 26&#46; Mas esses participantes estavam envolvidos em todas as outras an&#225;lises de desfechos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Eventos adversos</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nossos resultados de an&#225;lises de subgrupos s&#227;o mostrados nas <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0025">figuras 5 e 6</a>&#46; Cada ensaio tinha sua maneira de descrever e tabular diferentes n&#250;meros de eventos adversos&#46; Portanto&#44; planejamos exibir dados de eventos para a propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos que apresentassem eventos adversos menores &#40;hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria&#44; prurido&#44; urtic&#225;ria&#44; dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento&#44; sonol&#234;ncia&#44; n&#225;usea ou v&#244;mito&#44; hip&#243;xia&#44; cefaleia e taquicardia&#41; e eventos adversos graves &#40;s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda&#44; aumento das enzimas hep&#225;ticas&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para tratamento da dor&#44; necessidade de transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea&#44; retorno ao pronto&#8208;socorro dentro de 24 horas&#44; 72 horas ou uma semana e readmiss&#227;o para controle da dor em um m&#234;s&#41; durante o estudo&#46; Para a propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos que apresentaram eventos adversos menores representada pela dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento&#44; uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41; foi demonstrada para a coalesc&#234;ncia de dados de dois estudos &#40;citrato de fentanil intranasal e magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55</span></a> sem heterogeneidade importante &#40;Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#44;17&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;68&#44; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#37;&#41;&#46; A qualidade das evid&#234;ncias foi baixa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados desta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise mostram que a maioria dos estudos que relatou a classifica&#231;&#227;o dos escores de dor concluiu que havia uma evid&#234;ncia n&#227;o significativa de melhoria na escala do escore de dor na crise aguda de dor falciforme&#46; Apenas tr&#234;s estudos relataram o tempo de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar e a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo&#44; encontraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o significativa sobre essas medidas de desfecho&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos eventos adversos&#44; para os indiv&#237;duos que experimentaram efeitos colaterais menores&#44; o achado evidenciou meramente uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa de dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco nos estudos com magn&#233;sio intravenoso e citrato de fentanil intranasal&#46; Esses analg&#233;sicos farmacol&#243;gicos t&#234;m impactos inadequados no tratamento da crise de dor falciforme aguda&#44; n&#227;o complicada e isolada&#44; em coortes pedi&#225;tricas&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#225; que os derivados opioides s&#227;o chamados de padr&#227;o&#8208;ouro para o manejo da crise de dor na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; sua a&#231;&#227;o &#233; limitada apenas a um efeito nociceptivo&#44; mas n&#227;o mostram uma a&#231;&#227;o relevante dentro da importante cascata gerada pelas CVO associadas &#224; s&#237;ndrome inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Assim&#44; a amplia&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa em andamento se expande para reconhecer novas perspectivas de tratamento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;23</span></a> Diante dessas inova&#231;&#245;es&#44; o conhecimento fisiopatol&#243;gico das CVO esclareceu a curiosidade cient&#237;fica na literatura&#46; Esses tr&#234;s componentes &#40;magn&#233;sio endovenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalado&#41; revolucionaram&#44; portanto&#44; essa compreens&#227;o profunda&#44; al&#233;m de promover novas abordagens terap&#234;uticas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;25&#44;43&#44;58</span></a>mas exigem mais evid&#234;ncias&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Que seja de nosso conhecimento&#44; este presente estudo &#233; a investiga&#231;&#227;o mais recente que mostra as lacunas desses efeitos farmacol&#243;gicos na faixa et&#225;ria pedi&#225;trica com crise aguda de dor falciforme&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; tr&#234;s dos ensaios inclu&#237;dos &#40;magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalado&#41; usaram a interven&#231;&#227;o com propriedade n&#227;o analg&#233;sica&#44; mas com finalidade analg&#233;sica&#44; que est&#225; ligada aos mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos da dor na doen&#231;a falciforme causada pelas CVO&#46; Os resultados desta metan&#225;lise s&#227;o consistentes com a metan&#225;lise anterior feita por Dunlop et al&#46;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> houve lacunas na vantagem cruzada dos testes de tratamento na diminui&#231;&#227;o das crises de dor aguda na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; bem como no consumo de opioides e tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar&#46; Entretanto&#44; sua metan&#225;lise incluiu nove ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados &#40;seis controlados por placebo e tr&#234;s entre tratamentos&#41; e incluiu crian&#231;as e adultos sem combin&#225;&#8208;los&#46; Suas descobertas mostraram o al&#237;vio completo da crise aguda de dor falciforme em todos os participantes&#44; mas provaram claramente que nenhum dos testes de interven&#231;&#227;o &#233; capaz de tratar completamente esse estado de crise e&#44; al&#233;m disso&#44; as bases de evid&#234;ncias eram inadequadas&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O teste de heterogeneidade dos estudos inclu&#237;dos em todos os desfechos da efic&#225;cia desses tratamentos em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com crise aguda de dor falciforme n&#227;o foi substancial &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#62; 80&#37;&#41;&#46; Houve risco moderado de heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica ao longo da metan&#225;lise da mudan&#231;a na escala do escore de dor&#46; Essa heterogeneidade pode ser explicada pelas diferentes ferramentas e m&#233;todos usados na avalia&#231;&#227;o da dor&#44; como a EVA ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Faces Pain Scale&#44;</span> e o pequeno n&#250;mero de amostras dos estudos inclu&#237;dos&#46; A aus&#234;ncia do risco de heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica na metan&#225;lise do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#233; contabilizado pelo uso&#44; em todos os estudos&#44; de m&#233;todos semelhantes ou semelhantes para estimar o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar&#59; al&#233;m disso&#44; minimiza a inconst&#226;ncia desse resultado&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o risco n&#227;o importante de heterogeneidade estat&#237;stica na quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usada &#233; parcialmente consistente com o n&#237;vel moderado da qualidade das evid&#234;ncias&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na metan&#225;lise&#44; evitamos incluir estudos que recrutaram e combinaram diferentes faixas et&#225;rias e compararam os tratamentos&#44; o que diminui o risco de vi&#233;s&#46; Com quatro estudos de pequena escala sobre o tratamento agudo da crise de dor falciforme n&#227;o complicada&#44; que contribu&#237;ram com dados de 227 pacientes registrados&#44; nosso estudo apresenta evid&#234;ncias insuficientes&#44; enfatiza o manejo substancial na faixa et&#225;ria pedi&#225;trica com crise de dor na c&#233;lula falciforme&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; um estudo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; randomizado&#44; controlado por placebo e com magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; forneceu um relato apenas na doen&#231;a falciforme&#44; inclusive os fen&#243;tipos HbSS e HbS&#946;0&#44; com resultados inadequados e triviais sobre o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o e redu&#231;&#227;o dos opioides usados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>Al&#233;m disso&#44; houve grandes barreiras durante a pesquisa bibliogr&#225;fica&#44; como estudos que avaliaram o manejo dos epis&#243;dios agudos de dorna doen&#231;a falciforme que terminaram prematuramente&#44; devido &#224; escassez de participantes dispon&#237;veis nos ensaios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;58&#44;59</span></a> Os eventos adversos foram divididos em propor&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com eventos menores e maiores para esta metan&#225;lise&#44; com dados excessivamente diversificados para permitir um exame agrupado distinto&#46; Em contraste&#44; fomos capazes de agrupar dois estudos que mostravam que o magn&#233;sio intravenoso e o citrato de fentanil intranasal geraram dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco&#46; O evento do magn&#233;sio intravenoso foi consistente com outro estudo que mostrou calor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o para o bra&#231;o de tratamento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os pontos fortes de pertin&#234;ncia desta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise incluem o fato de que o estudo forneceu a mais recente avalia&#231;&#227;o da efici&#234;ncia e seguran&#231;a do tratamento da crise dolorosa falciforme aguda n&#227;o complicada na faixa et&#225;ria pedi&#225;trica&#46; Tamb&#233;m identificamos tr&#234;s estudos em andamento&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60&#8211;62</span></a> que se concentram meramente em participantes de tr&#234;s a 22 anos&#46; Um deles define a posi&#231;&#227;o ideal da cetamina intranasal que demonstrou um efeito salutar de analgesia em estudos subsequentes de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em medicina pr&#233;&#8208;hospitalar&#44; medicina de emerg&#234;ncia e oncologia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62&#44;63</span></a> Estudos anteriores confirmam que a cetamina tamb&#233;m provoca analgesia clinicamente substancial na dor falciforme&#44; al&#233;m de reduzir o consumo de opi&#225;ceos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;64&#44;65</span></a> Um estudo que comparou o benef&#237;cio analg&#233;sico do fentanil intranasal com a cetamina intranasal deduziu que ambos fornecem analgesia equivalente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a> Qualquer intervalo de confian&#231;a em nosso estudo revelou&#8208;se amplo&#44; indicou e destacou&#44; assim&#44; o significado e a magnitude da busca&#44; a busca nesse dom&#237;nio para gerenciar totalmente a crise e reconhecer o motivo adicional dessa importante diferen&#231;a&#46; A metan&#225;lise de outros desfechos&#44; al&#233;m da mudan&#231;a na escala de escore de dor&#44; mostrou uma heterogeneidade sem import&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica&#44; embora esses resultados n&#227;o tenham sido suficientemente estatisticamente fortes&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; a an&#225;lise pelo m&#233;todo Grade da qualidade para quase todos os desfechos evidencia um baixo n&#237;vel de for&#231;a de evid&#234;ncia devido &#224; presen&#231;a de vieses&#44; inconsist&#234;ncia e imprecis&#227;o&#59; exceto pela quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados&#44; cuja qualidade &#233; um n&#237;vel moderado de evid&#234;ncia&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es que podem ser focadas no trabalho de pesquisa prospectivo&#46; A maioria dos estudos envolvidos nesta revis&#227;o originou&#8208;se em &#225;reas de baixa carga de DF&#44; embora nossa extensa estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa cient&#237;fica tenha identificado v&#225;rios estudos pertinentes&#46; Assim&#44; a maior parte dos estudos eleg&#237;veis tem tamanho de amostra inadequado&#44; portanto pode ter promovido o efeito dos fatores de confus&#227;o na redu&#231;&#227;o da precis&#227;o na estimativa do tamanho do efeito&#44; na diminui&#231;&#227;o da signific&#226;ncia dos achados e na diminui&#231;&#227;o do poder dos ensaios&#46; Alguns estudos inclu&#237;dos foram feitos em um &#250;nico centro&#44; o que pode ter resultado em fatores de confus&#227;o pelo tamanho insuficiente da amostra&#46; A maioria dos ECRs que exploraram a crise de dor falciforme recrutou e combinou tr&#234;s grupos et&#225;rios &#40;crian&#231;as&#44; adultos jovens&#44; idosos&#41; e n&#227;o forneceu dados exclusivos da faixa et&#225;ria de cada participante&#44; cujo uso teria envolvido muitos estudos desta revis&#227;o&#46; As avalia&#231;&#245;es e os m&#233;todos das escalas de dor&#44; seja sua intensidade ou al&#237;vio&#44; usados nos estudos inclu&#237;dos na revis&#227;o de metan&#225;lise n&#227;o foram padronizados&#59; por exemplo&#44; dois ensaios usaram dois tipos de medidas de dor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#44;56</span></a> Portanto&#44; a compara&#231;&#227;o entre os ensaios e o agrupamento de dados foi um desafio&#44; e n&#227;o uma tarefa de facilita&#231;&#227;o&#46; Entretanto&#44; essas circunst&#226;ncias podem afetar os resultados da an&#225;lise&#46; Devido ao n&#250;mero insuficiente de estudos eleg&#237;veis na nossa revis&#227;o da metan&#225;lise&#44; a implanta&#231;&#227;o do gr&#225;fico de funil para explorar o risco de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade n&#227;o foi vi&#225;vel&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo&#44; os tratamentos farmacol&#243;gicos analg&#233;sicos pareceram ter resultados incertos na melhoria da intensidade da dor e no al&#237;vio da crise de dor aguda em popula&#231;&#245;es pedi&#225;tricas com DF&#46; Assim&#44; nenhuma dedu&#231;&#227;o decisiva sobre a efici&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica desses analg&#233;sicos farmacol&#243;gicos foi feita&#46; Mais ERCs s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para demonstrar as evid&#234;ncias da for&#231;a de cada estudo&#46; Isso pode fornecer mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre esses medicamentos analg&#233;sicos&#44; a fim de melhorar a redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital e a redu&#231;&#227;o da quantidade de consumo de analg&#233;sicos&#46; Estudos bem desenhados&#44; e com muitos participantes&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para demonstrar as diferen&#231;as substanciais&#46; Estudos futuros devem garantir um maior tamanho de amostra e o equil&#237;brio de cada fen&#243;tipo de DF nos estudos&#44; para evitar a superestima&#231;&#227;o de resultados nas pr&#243;ximas pesquisas&#46; Um estudo de centro &#250;nico deve ser estendido a um estudo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; a fim de fornecer participantes e poder de estudo suficientes&#46; Os pesquisadores precisam de mais avalia&#231;&#245;es para expandir seus estudos em cen&#225;rios e panoramas baseados na DF&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Financiamento</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bolsas de estudos do Chinese National Natural Science Fund<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span> n<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> 81170005 e 81670007&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To capture evidence of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological analgesia for uncomplicated acute sickle&#8208;cell pain in pediatric patients compared to placebo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Sources of data</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Searches for key evidence were performed from March 1 to 31&#44; 2018&#44; for randomized controlled trials of pharmacological analgesia compared to placebo for uncomplicated acute sickle&#8208;cell pain in a pediatric sample&#46; The authors searched ten scientific databases including&#44; among others&#44; PubMed&#44; MEDLINE&#44; Embase&#44; and Clinicaltrials&#46;gov for this systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Summary of the findings</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Four trials &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>227&#41; were selected by the inclusion criteria &#40;intranasal fentanyl&#44; intravenous magnesium&#44; arginine&#44; and inhaled nitric oxide&#41;&#46; The quality of evidence ranged from low to moderate for each outcome&#46; Meta&#8208;analysis of changes in the ladder of pain score &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;72&#41;&#44; length&#8208;of&#8208;stay in hospital &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;65&#41;&#44; and amount of narcotics used during the study &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;10&#41; showed non&#8208;statistically significant differences and a lack of amelioration provided by pharmaceutical analgesics in treatment group&#46; The adverse events reported that more participants in the intervention arm underwent pain&#44; with statistically significant differences at the drug delivery site in studies using intranasal fentanyl and intravenous magnesium &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pharmacological analgesia appears to be uncertain in improving the intensity and providing relief of acute pain crisis in pediatric patients with sickle&#8208;cell anemia&#46; With respect to clinical advantage&#44; no decisive deduction about the clinical efficacy may be made regarding these medications in acute sickle&#8208;cell pain management in the pediatric age group&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obter evid&#234;ncias da efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da analgesia farmacol&#243;gica para dor falciforme aguda n&#227;o complicada em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos em compara&#231;&#227;o com placebo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Fontes de dados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma busca de evid&#234;ncias&#8208;chave foi feita de 1&#176; a 31 de mar&#231;o de 2018 por ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados controlados de analgesia farmacol&#243;gica em compara&#231;&#227;o com placebo para dor aguda falciforme n&#227;o complicada em uma amostra de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos&#46; Os autores pesquisaram dez bases de dados cient&#237;ficos que envolveram&#44; entre outras&#44; PubMed&#44; Medline&#44; Embase e Clinicaltrials&#46;gov para esta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resumo dos dados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quatro ensaios &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>227&#41; foram considerados para crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o &#40;fentanil intranasal&#44; magn&#233;sio intravenoso&#44; arginina e &#243;xido n&#237;trico inalado&#41;&#46; As evid&#234;ncias de qualidade variaram de baixas a moderadas para cada desfecho&#46; A metan&#225;lise de altera&#231;&#245;es na escala de dor &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;72&#41;&#44; o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;65&#41; e a quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;10&#41; mostraram diferen&#231;a n&#227;o estatisticamente significativa e a aus&#234;ncia de melhoria resultante do uso do f&#225;rmaco analg&#233;sico no grupo de tratamento&#46; Os eventos adversos relatados mostraram que no bra&#231;o de interven&#231;&#227;o mais participantes sofreram dor com diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa no local de aplica&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco com o uso de fentanil intranasal e magn&#233;sio intravenoso &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A analgesia farmacol&#243;gica parece ter um efeito incerto na melhoria da intensidade e al&#237;vio da crise de dor aguda em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com doen&#231;a falciforme&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; vantagem cl&#237;nica&#44; ainda &#233; incerta a efic&#225;cia cl&#237;nica desses medicamentos no tratamento da dor aguda falciforme no grupo et&#225;rio pedi&#225;trico&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0055">Como citar este artigo&#58; Saramba MI&#44; Shakya S&#44; Zhao D&#46; Analgesic management of uncomplicated acute sickle&#8208;cell pain crisis in pediatrics&#58; a systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2020&#59;96&#58;142&#8211;58&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mudan&#231;a na escala de dor&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Banco de dados&#47;Fonte&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estrat&#233;gia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PubMed &#40;2001 a 2017&#41;Busca limitada a ensaios cl&#237;nicos e &#8220;humanos&#8221;&#91;Termos MeSH&#93;n &#61; 102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#35;1 &#40;&#8220;anemia&#44; sickle cell&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell disease&#8221;&#41;&#35;2 &#40;&#8220;pain&#8221; OU &#8220;acute pain&#8221; OU &#8220;painful&#8221;&#41;&#35;3 &#40;&#8220;randomized controlled trial&#8221; OU&#8220;controlled clinical trial&#8221; OU &#8220;randomized&#8221; OU &#8220;placebo&#8221; OU &#8220;double blinded&#8221;&#41;&#35;4 &#35;1 E &#35;2 E &#35;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clinicaltrials&#46;gov &#40;2001 a 2017&#41;n &#61; 171&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Termo de buscas&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Tipo de Estudo&#58; estudos intervencionistasCondi&#231;&#227;o&#58; anemia&#44; anemia falciforme&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Central &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials of the Cochrane Library</span>&#41; busca limitada a ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#40;2001 a 2017&#41;n &#61; 110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#35;1 Descritor MeSH&#58; &#91;&#8220;anemia&#44; sickle cell&#8221;&#93; explorar todos os tr&#234;s&#35;2 &#40;&#8220;sickle&#8221; ou &#8220;sickle cell&#8221; ou &#8220;sickle cell disease&#8221;&#41;&#35;3 &#35;1 ou &#35;2&#35;4 Descritor MeSH&#58; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>&#93;explorar todos os tr&#234;s&#35;5 Descritor MeSH&#58; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">acute pain</span>&#93; esse termo somente&#35;6 &#8220;painful&#8221;&#35;7 &#35;4 ou &#35;5 ou &#35;6&#35;8 &#35;3 e &#35;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lilacsn &#61; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">tw&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span>&#41; E &#40;por ex&#46;&#58; &#8220;regional&#8221;&#41; E db &#40;Lilacs&#41; Etipo&#95;de&#95;estudo &#40;&#8220;ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#8221;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO ICTRP &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;T&#237;tulo&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Condi&#231;&#227;o&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span>Estado de recrutamento&#58; TODOS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medline &#40;OvidSP&#41;Faixa espec&#237;fica de anos &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46; exp <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anemia&#44; sickle cell</span>&#47;2&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell disease</span>&#41;&#46;tw&#44;kf&#46;3&#46; ou&#47;1&#8208;24&#46; exp <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>&#47;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acute pain</span>6&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">painful</span>&#46;tw&#46;7&#46; ou&#47;4&#8208;68&#46; 3 e 79&#46; randomized controlled trial&#46;pt&#46;10&#46; controlled clinical trial&#46;pt&#46;11&#46; randomi&#42;&#46;tw&#46;12&#46; placebo&#46;ab&#46;13&#46; clinical trial&#46;sh&#46;14&#46; randomly&#46;ab&#46;15&#46; groups&#46;ab&#46;16&#46; trial&#46;tw&#46;17&#46; ou&#47;9&#8208;1618&#46; expel animals&#47;not humans&#47;19&#46; 17 no 1820&#46; 8 e 19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ISRCTN Registryn &#61; 11n &#61; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Busca 1&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Condi&#231;&#227;o&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell</span>Busca 2&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span>Condi&#231;&#227;o&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell disease</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CINAHL &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature</span>&#41; Complete &#40;EBSCOHost&#41;&#58; &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">B1 &#40;MH &#8220;anemia&#44; sickle cell&#43;&#8221;&#41;B2 TX &#40;&#8220;sickle&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell&#8221; OU &#8220;sickle cell disease&#8221;&#41;B3 B1 OUB2S4 &#40;MH &#8220;pain&#43;&#8221;&#41;S5 TX &#40;&#8220;acute pain&#8221;&#41;S6 TX &#40;&#8220;painful&#8221;&#41;S7 S4 OU S5 OU S6S8 S3 E S7S9 &#40;MH &#8220;clinical trials&#43;&#8221;&#41;S10 PT clinical trialS11 TI &#40;clinic&#42; N1 trial&#42; OU controlled N1 trial&#42;&#41;S12 TI &#40;doubl&#42; N1 blind&#42;&#41;S13 TI &#40;randomi&#42; OU placebo&#42;&#41;S14 S9 OU S10 OU S11 OU S12 OU S13S15 S8 E S14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embase &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;n &#61; 89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#35;1 &#8220;sickle cell anemia&#8221;&#47;exp&#35;2 &#8220;sickle cell anemia&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;3 &#8220;sickle cell&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;4 &#35;1 OU &#35;2 OU &#35;3&#35;5 &#8220;pain&#8221;&#47;exp&#35;6 &#8220;pain&#8221;&#8217;&#58;ab&#44;ti&#35;7 &#35;5 OU &#35;6&#35;8 &#35;4 E &#35;7&#35;9 &#8220;randomized controlled trial&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;10 &#8220;controlled clinical trial&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;11 &#8220;placebo&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;12 &#8220;double blind procedure&#8221;&#58; ab&#44;ti&#35;13 &#35;9 OU &#35;10 OU &#35;11 OU &#35;12&#35;14 &#35;8 E &#35;13&#35;15 &#8220;randomized controlled trial&#8221;&#47;de&#35;16 &#35;14 E &#35;15&#35;17 &#91;Embase&#93;&#47;lim&#35;18 &#35;16 E &#35; 17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Web of Science CPCI&#8208;S &#40;2001&#8208;2017&#41;N &#61; 27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">T&#243;pico&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">anemia&#44; sickle cell</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sickle cell disease</span>&#41; E T&#243;pico&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">acute pain</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">painful</span>&#41; E T&#243;pico&#58; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">random</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">randomly</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">randomised</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">randomized</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">blind</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">blinded</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">control group</span> OU placebo OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">controlled study</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">groups</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trial</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">trials</span> OU <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">literature search</span> OU Medline OU Pubmed OU Cochrane OU Embase&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medidas de desfecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Defini&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mudan&#231;a no n&#237;vel do escore de dor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Em todos os estudos foram usados apenas dois tipos de escala de dor&#44; cada uma com 0 para &#8220;sem dor&#8221; e 10 para &#8220;muita dor&#8221;&#59; a diminui&#231;&#227;o da dor pelo escore de dor &#60; 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm na escala visual anal&#243;gica de dor &#40;EVA&#41; ou &#60; 6&#176; n&#250;mero &#40;Escala de Dor Facial&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital &#40;horas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Registrado como o n&#250;mero de horas desde o in&#237;cio da primeira medica&#231;&#227;o do estudo at&#233; o momento da alta hospitalar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade cumulativa de opioides intravenosos parenterais usada durante o estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Propor&#231;&#227;o com eventos adversos menores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inclui hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria&#44; prurido&#44; urtic&#225;ria&#44; dor no local de administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento&#44; sonol&#234;ncia&#44; n&#225;usea ou v&#244;mito&#44; hip&#243;xia&#44; dor de cabe&#231;a&#44; taquicardia&#44; durante o estudo&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Propor&#231;&#227;o com eventos adversos graves&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incid&#234;ncia ocorrida durante o estudo com deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica aguda&#44; inclusive complica&#231;&#245;es graves de um CVO com transfus&#227;o de gl&#243;bulos vermelhos&#44; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda&#44; enzimas de fun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica aumentadas&#44; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para tratamento da dor&#44; retorno ao departamento de emerg&#234;ncia em uma semana&#44; 24 horas e 72 horas&#44; e re&#8208;hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para controle da dor em um m&#234;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2284797.png"
              ]
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Defini&#231;&#245;es de medidas de desfecho</p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estudo&#44; Ano &#40;Refer&#234;ncia&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Randomizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analisado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interrompido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gera&#231;&#227;o de sequ&#234;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Oculta&#231;&#227;o da aloca&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mascaramento dos participantes e de pessoal &#40;vi&#233;s de desempenho&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o de desfechos &#40;vi&#233;s de detec&#231;&#227;o&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dados de desfecho incompletos &#40;vi&#233;s de atrito&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relato seletivo &#40;vi&#233;s de relato&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Qualidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fein 2016&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 11&#40;faltando&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Goldman 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morris 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Weiner 2003&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Risco incerto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baixo risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2284798.png"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de qualidade do estudo individual</p>"
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">I&#44; interven&#231;&#227;o&#59; NA&#44; n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel&#59; NR&#44; n&#227;o relatado&#59; P&#44; placebo&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span>&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Popula&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Desenho do estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Grupos de Tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tamanho total</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;dia da idade &#40;DP&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Altera&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; no escore de dor</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; de perman&#234;ncia &#40;horas&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41; da quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fein 2016&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF com 3&#8208;20 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo randomizado paralelo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Citrato de fentanil intranasal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;solu&#231;&#227;o salina normal&#41; Dosagem&#58; dose &#250;nica de 2 &#956;g&#47;kg&#44; m&#225;ximo de 100 &#956;g&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;6 &#40;5&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5 &#40;5&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;12 &#40;4&#44;984&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;399&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Goldman 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF entre 4 e 18 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo randomizado paralelo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sulfato de magn&#233;sio intravenoso <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;solu&#231;&#227;o salina normal&#41;Dosagem&#58; a cada 8 horas&#44; doses de 100 mg&#47;kg&#44; m&#225;ximo de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g por dose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;4 &#40;4&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;4 &#40;3&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;4 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">132&#44;6 &#40;106&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">117&#44;9 &#40;72&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;47 &#40;7&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;96 &#40;6&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morris 2013&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF entre 3&#44;6 e 19 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo randomizado de grupo &#250;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cloridrato de L&#8208;arginina por via intravenosa ou oral <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;solu&#231;&#227;o salina ou p&#237;lula de a&#231;&#250;car&#41;Dosagem&#58; tr&#234;s vezes&#47;dia&#44; doses de 100 mg&#47;kg&#44; m&#225;ximo de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g por 15 doses ou at&#233; a alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;8 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">98&#44;4 &#40;43&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">115&#44;2 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1 &#40;4&#44;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Weiner 2003&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Participantes com qualquer gen&#243;tipo de DF entre 10 e 21 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudo piloto randomizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#211;xido n&#237;trico inalado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; placebo &#40;oxig&#234;nio inspirado&#41; Dosagem&#58; 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm com 21&#37; de concentra&#231;&#227;o final de oxig&#234;nio inspirado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;6 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;6&#44;702&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;2 &#40;4&#44;021&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;134&#44;556&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;223&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;1&#44;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;91 &#40;1&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Paciente ou popula&#231;&#227;o&#58; pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com DF&#46;</p><p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Locais&#58; grande hospital infantil urbano quatern&#225;rio &#40;Emerg&#234;ncia pedi&#225;trica &#40;EP&#41;&#44; Montefiore&#44; Nova York&#44; Estados Unidos&#41;&#59; EP &#40;Toronto&#44; Canad&#225;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Children&#39;s Hospital Research Center</span> &#40;Oakland&#44; Calif&#243;rnia&#44; EUA&#41;&#59; hospital universit&#225;rio acad&#234;mico urbano&#44; de atendimento terci&#225;rio &#40;Estados Unidos&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Interven&#231;&#227;o&#58; medicamentos analg&#233;sicos&#46;</p><p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o&#58; Placebo</p><p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC&#44; intervalo de confian&#231;a&#59; NA&#44; n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel&#59; RR&#44; raz&#227;o de risco&#46;</p><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Graus de evid&#234;ncia do Grade Working Group</p><p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alta qualidade&#58; &#201; muito improv&#225;vel que pesquisas posteriores mudem nossa confian&#231;a na estimativa do efeito&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Qualidade moderada&#58; &#201; prov&#225;vel que mais pesquisas tenham um impacto importante em nossa confian&#231;a na estimativa do efeito e possam alterar a estimativa&#46;</p><p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baixa qualidade&#58; &#201; muito prov&#225;vel que pesquisas futuras tenham um impacto importante em nossa confian&#231;a na estimativa do efeito e possam alterar a estimativa&#46;</p><p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Qualidade muito baixa&#58; estamos muito incertos sobre a estimativa&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Uso de medicamentos analg&#233;sicos comparados ao placebo em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com crise dolorosa aguda em DF</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Desfechos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Riscos comparativos ilustrativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Efeito relativo &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">N<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>de Participantes &#40;estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Qualidade da evid&#234;ncia &#40;Grade&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Coment&#225;rios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Risco assumido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Risco correspondente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medicamentos analg&#233;sicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mudan&#231;a no n&#237;vel do escore de dor &#40;medida pela escala de dor com dor importante&#41;Escala anal&#243;gica visual e escala de classifica&#231;&#227;o de dor de Wong&#8208;Baker FACES modificada&#46; Escala de&#58; 0 a 10&#46; Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia padronizada na taxa de dor causada por crises vaso&#8208;oclusivas &#40;medida pela escala de dor com dor importante&#41; nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o foi de 0&#44;08 &#40;0&#44;53 mais baixa para 0&#44;37 mais alta&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">227 &#40;4 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi evidenciada no escore m&#233;dio padronizado de dor entre o bra&#231;o da interven&#231;&#227;o em compara&#231;&#227;o com o do placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o primariamente no hospital &#40;horas&#41;Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A m&#233;dia de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#40;horas&#41; nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o foi de 5&#44;05&#40;26&#44;64 menor para 16&#44;55 maior&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">178 &#40;3 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi evidente no tempo m&#233;dio de interna&#231;&#227;o&#44; principalmente no hospital entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade de analg&#233;sicos usados durante o estudo Acompanhamento&#58; N&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quantidade m&#233;dia padronizada de analg&#233;sicos usada durante o estudo nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o foi de 0&#44;25 menor&#40;0&#44;55 menor para 0&#44;05 maior&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;3 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#8853;&#63; moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi evidente na quantidade m&#233;dia padronizada de analg&#233;sicos uszados entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeitos adversos &#40;menores&#41;&#58; hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 de 116 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 de 111 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 1&#46;40 &#40;0&#44;22 a 4&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">227 &#40;4 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada na hipotens&#227;o transit&#243;ria entre os bra&#231;os da interven&#231;&#227;o e do placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeito adverso &#40;menor&#41;&#58; pruridoAcompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 78 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 75 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 1&#46;04 &#40;0&#44;19 a 5&#44;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">153 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o a prurido entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeito adverso &#40;menor&#41;&#58; urtic&#225;riaAcompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 de 28 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 de 28 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 3&#44;22 &#40;0&#44;14 a 75&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;1 estudo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; urtic&#225;ria entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Efeito adverso &#40;menor&#41;&#58; dor no local de aplica&#231;&#227;o do medicamento Acompanhamento&#58; N&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 78 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 de 75 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 4&#44;37 &#40;1&#44;14 a 16&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">153 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Houve uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; dor no local de aplica&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eventos adversos graves&#58; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 de 53 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 50 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 0&#44;75 &#40;0&#44;16 a 3&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; s&#237;ndrome tor&#225;cica aguda entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eventos adversos graves&#58; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para controle da dor Acompanhamento&#58; n&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 de 25 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13de 24 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 0&#44;85 &#40;0&#44;53 a 1&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;1 estudo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#8853;&#63; moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o para manejo da dor entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eventos adversos graves&#58; necessidade de transfus&#227;o de sangue&#46; Acompanhamento&#58; N&#227;o relatado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 de 53 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 de 50 participantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RR 1&#44;58 &#40;0&#44;27 a 9&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;2 estudos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8853;&#8853;&#63;&#63; baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa foi evidenciada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; necessidade de transfus&#227;o de sangue entre os bra&#231;os interven&#231;&#227;o e placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2284795.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:7 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">A base para o risco assumido &#40;por exemplo&#44; a mediana do risco do grupo controle entre os estudos&#41; &#233; fornecida em notas de rodap&#233;&#46; O risco correspondente &#40;e seu intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#41; baseia&#8208;se no risco assumido no grupo de compara&#231;&#227;o e no efeito relativo da interven&#231;&#227;o &#40;e seu IC 95&#37;&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Evid&#234;ncia rebaixada em um n&#237;vel devido &#224; s&#233;ria limita&#231;&#227;o do risco de vi&#233;s&#58; o mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o do desfecho n&#227;o foi claramente descrito em alguns estudos e o tamanho da amostra pretendido para os estudos n&#227;o foi atingido&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Evid&#234;ncia diminu&#237;da devido &#224; inconsist&#234;ncia moderada&#58; a an&#225;lise de estudos representa uma heterogeneidade moderada&#46; A heterogeneidade foi explicada pelas diferen&#231;as nos resultados &#40;diminui&#231;&#227;o do efeito do tratamento com o tempo&#41;&#46; A qualidade da evid&#234;ncia foi rebaixada em um n&#237;vel&#44; de alto para moderado&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Rebaixamos a qualidade da evid&#234;ncia em um n&#237;vel&#44; devido ao s&#233;rio risco de vi&#233;s&#46; O m&#233;todo de mascaramento da avalia&#231;&#227;o do desfecho n&#227;o foi claramente relatado&#59; ent&#227;o&#44; rebaixamento de um n&#237;vel&#44; do original alto&#46;</p>"
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0040"
              "etiqueta" => "e"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Evid&#234;ncia rebaixada em um n&#237;vel por imprecis&#227;o&#58; intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; amplos do efeito dos desfechos da interven&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p>"
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0045"
              "etiqueta" => "f"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">Evid&#234;ncia rebaixada em um n&#237;vel devido &#224; s&#233;ria limita&#231;&#227;o do risco de vi&#233;s&#58; o tamanho da amostra pretendida pelo protocolo n&#227;o atingiu seu objetivo&#46;</p>"
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0050"
              "etiqueta" => "g"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Os resultados do ensaio foram apresentados como mediana ou diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia&#44; de modo que uma avalia&#231;&#227;o de risco no bra&#231;o de controle n&#227;o era vi&#225;vel&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
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ISSN: 22555536
Idioma original: Português
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