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            "etiqueta" => "g"
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          7 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto Nacional de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia de Gen&#233;tica M&#233;dica Populacional &#40;INaGeMP&#41;&#44; Porto Alegre&#44; RS&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "h"
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          8 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul &#40;UFRGS&#41;&#44; Departamento de Gen&#233;tica&#44; Porto Alegre&#44; RS&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "i"
            "identificador" => "aff0045"
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          9 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Secretaria de Sa&#250;de do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul &#40;SES&#47;RS&#41;&#44; Centro Estadual de Vigil&#226;ncia em Sa&#250;de &#40;CEVS&#41;&#44; Porto Alegre&#44; RS&#44; Brasil"
            "etiqueta" => "j"
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            "identificador" => "cor0005"
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            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspond&#234;ncia&#46;"
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    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Preval&#234;ncia e causas da microcefalia cong&#234;nita sem a presen&#231;a do surto do v&#237;rus Zika no Sul do Brasil"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em fevereiro de 2016&#44; a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de &#40;OMS&#41; declarou uma Emerg&#234;ncia de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica de Interesse Internacional &#40;ESPII&#41; com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por v&#237;rus Zika &#40;ZIKV&#41; na Am&#233;rica Latina e sua poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o com aglomerados de microcefalia&#46; Antes disso&#44; em novembro de 2016&#44; o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de &#40;MS&#41; havia implantado uma notifica&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria de microcefalia neonatal e&#47;ou outras anomalias no sistema nervoso central &#40;SNC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A associa&#231;&#227;o entre as anomalias no SNC&#44; inclusive microcefalia e infec&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;&#8208;natal por ZIKV&#44; foi comprovada em 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> e foi definida uma s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do ZIKV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; a microcefalia cong&#234;nita &#233; uma doen&#231;a heterog&#234;nea&#44; com base em uma medida do per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico&#44; com grande n&#250;mero de causas gen&#233;ticas e ambientais descritas at&#233; hoje&#44; inclusive infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas&#44; s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas e malforma&#231;&#245;es no SNC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5&#44;6</span></a> A maior parte das orienta&#231;&#245;es atuais define a microcefalia como uma circunfer&#234;ncia occipitofrontal &#40;COF&#41;&#44; ou per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico &#40;PC&#41;&#44; mais de dois desvios&#8208;padr&#227;o &#40;DPs&#41; abaixo da m&#233;dia populacional&#44; e microcefalia grave como PC &#60; 3 DP abaixo da m&#233;dia&#46; O PC &#233; uma medida indireta do tamanho do c&#233;rebro e pode ser uma vari&#225;vel preditora de desenvolvimento cerebral anormal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As causas da microcefalia geralmente permanecem desconhecidas&#46; Em estudos retrospectivos&#44; nenhuma etiologia &#233; identificada em at&#233; 40&#8208;70&#37; dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> A notifica&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria da microcefalia possibilita uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais detalhada desses casos&#46; Contudo&#44; h&#225; uma associa&#231;&#227;o bem estabelecida entre a microcefalia e as infec&#231;&#245;es maternas&#44; principalmente nas que ocorrem nas primeiras 12 semanas de gravidez&#44; que podem causar formas caracter&#237;sticas de dano cerebral&#46; Al&#233;m da microcefalia&#44; essas manifesta&#231;&#245;es incluem hidrocefalia&#44; calcifica&#231;&#245;es cerebrais&#44; ventriculomegalia&#44; dist&#250;rbios da migra&#231;&#227;o cortical&#44; anomalias na mat&#233;ria branca e hipoplasia cerebelar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antes de 2015&#44; a preval&#234;ncia estimada de microcefalia grave no nascimento foi 0&#44;5 por 10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#46; Ap&#243;s identifica&#231;&#227;o da poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o entre a infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV e microcefalia na Regi&#227;o Nordeste do Brasil&#44; essa preval&#234;ncia aumentou para cerca de 20 casos por 10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#46; Os estados nordestinos do Brasil apresentaram a maior incid&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a do ZIKV na popula&#231;&#227;o geral &#40;34&#47;10&#46;000 no Estado da Bahia em 2016&#41;&#46; Por outro lado&#44; no Rio Grande do Sul &#40;RS&#41;&#44; o estado mais meridional do Brasil&#44; apesar de terem sido identificados casos aut&#243;ctones no in&#237;cio de 2016&#44; n&#227;o houve surto e o pico de incid&#234;ncia foi de somente 1&#44;7 caso por 100&#46;000 habitantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Modelo do estudo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fizemos um estudo transversal&#44; no qual foram inclu&#237;das todas as notifica&#231;&#245;es de microcefalia cong&#234;nita no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; de dezembro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2016 &#40;56 semanas epidemiol&#243;gicas&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Defini&#231;&#227;o dos casos e protocolo do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante os primeiros tr&#234;s meses do estudo&#44; a notifica&#231;&#227;o foi obrigat&#243;ria pelo MS para todos os beb&#234;s nascidos com PC igual ou inferior a 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; Foi feita uma an&#225;lise da notifica&#231;&#227;o dos casos feita pelo MS em fevereiro de 2016&#44; quando foi definida microcefalia para escore z do PC &#60; 2 abaixo da m&#233;dia para o sexo e a idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41;&#44; de acordo com as curvas do Intergrowth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos casos seguiu as diretrizes do Protocolo de Vigil&#226;ncia e Resposta publicado pelo MS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Relato de casos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os neonatos foram relatados para o Registro de Eventos de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica &#40;RESP&#41; pelo primeiro m&#233;dico a identificar microcefalia&#46; Os m&#233;dicos tiveram de informar os dados de nascimento e parto &#40;inclusive PC&#44; peso&#44; IG&#41;&#44; os achados cl&#237;nicos e de imagem anormais&#44; as doen&#231;as maternas e gestacionais e as poss&#237;veis infec&#231;&#245;es e exposi&#231;&#245;es durante a gravidez&#44; inclusive viagem para &#225;reas end&#234;micas do ZIKV&#46; Os casos foram classificados posteriormente por n&#243;s como &#40;1&#41; casos &#8220;n&#227;o confirmados&#8221; de microcefalia&#58; beb&#234;s prematuros proporcionais sem outras anomalias &#40;foram exclu&#237;dos como microcefalia ao ajustar o sexo e a idade gestacional com a aplica&#231;&#227;o dos gr&#225;ficos do Integrowth&#41;&#59; PC pequeno em beb&#234;s proporcionais pequenos para a idade gestacional&#44; com desenvolvimento normal e sem anomalia associada&#59; PC de 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm no nascimento &#40;crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o somente nos primeiros tr&#234;s meses da notifica&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria&#41; sem outras anomalias e desenvolvimento normal no acompanhamento&#59; &#40;2&#41; casos &#8220;confirmados&#8221; ou reais de microcefalia&#58; todos os casos relatados restantes&#46; Os casos confirmados foram classificados posteriormente por etiologia&#44; como segue&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas foram diagnosticadas com os seguintes crit&#233;rios&#58; 1&#41; ZIKV&#58; confirmada por hist&#243;rico materno de viagem para &#225;reas end&#234;micas&#44; erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas e dor nas articula&#231;&#245;es&#59; e hist&#243;rico neonatal de achados de imagem no SNC&#44; achados no exame f&#237;sico ou resultado na rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;PCR&#41; do ZIKV compat&#237;vel com doen&#231;a do v&#237;rus Zika&#46; 2&#41; CMV&#58; confirmado por PCR positiva na urina&#46; 3&#41; Toxoplasmose e rub&#233;ola&#58; confirmadas por sorologia positiva para imunoglobulina &#40;IgM&#41; no sangue&#46; 4&#41; S&#237;filis&#58; confirmada por exame do Laborat&#243;rio de Pesquisa de Doen&#231;as Ven&#233;reas &#40;VDRL&#41; em uma amostra de sangue do neonato ou amostra do fluido cerebrospinal &#40;LCR&#41; ou teste positivo para anticorpo trepon&#234;mico fluorescente &#40;FTAAbs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os testes de sorologia para toxoplasmose e rub&#233;ola e PCR do ZIKV nas amostras de sangue das m&#227;es e dos neonatos foram feitos no Laborat&#243;rio Central do Estado &#40;Laceno&#41;&#46; O exame de s&#237;filis por VDRL&#44; PCR do CMV e a neuroimagem &#40;ultrassom&#44; TC ou RMI&#41; foram feitos nos munic&#237;pios de origem dos pacientes&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> descreve a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos testes de diagn&#243;stico feitos na amostra&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">An&#225;lise de dados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados maternos e neonatais foram analisados pelo Centro Estadual de Vigil&#226;ncia em Sa&#250;de &#40;CEVS&#41;&#46; Os prontu&#225;rios foram revisados conjuntamente pela equipe do CEVS e pelo Sistema Nacional de Informa&#231;&#227;o sobre Agentes Teratog&#234;nicos &#40;SIAT&#41;&#46; O SIAT conta com uma equipe multidisciplinar de geneticistas m&#233;dicos&#44; pediatras e enfermeiros especialmente treinados &#8211; que incluem alguns dos autores deste relat&#243;rio &#8211; e &#233; afiliado ao Servi&#231;o de Gen&#233;tica M&#233;dica do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#40;HCPA&#41;&#44; um centro de cuidado terci&#225;rio e importante hospital de refer&#234;ncia do Rio Grande do Sul&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Atendimento ao paciente</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes inicialmente receberam atendimento em seus munic&#237;pios de origem&#46; Todos os casos confirmados de microcefalia foram encaminhados para nosso hospital de refer&#234;ncia &#40;HCPA&#41; para avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e&#44; caso necess&#225;rio&#44; investiga&#231;&#227;o adicional&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Investiga&#231;&#227;o das causas gen&#233;ticas ou malforma&#231;&#245;es isoladas no SNC</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os neonatos com hist&#243;rico familiar de anomalias gen&#233;ticas&#44; consanguinidade&#44; achados anormais no diagn&#243;stico por imagem ou manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas &#40;altera&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas&#41; sugestivas de doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas foram submetidos a teste gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico &#40;inclusive cariotipagem e rastreio de erros inatos do metabolismo&#41; e um exame f&#237;sico detalhado&#44; feito por um geneticista m&#233;dico&#44; juntamente com a investiga&#231;&#227;o das poss&#237;veis causas infecciosas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os percentis do PC foram calculados com os gr&#225;ficos do Intergrowth&#44; corrigidos para sexo e IG&#46; A an&#225;lise da amostra foi feita na vers&#227;o 20&#46;0 do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS&#46; A preval&#234;ncia da microcefalia foi calculada com o n&#250;mero de nascidos vivos entre dezembro de 2015 e dezembro de 2016&#46; Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa do HCPA &#40;protocolo n&#176; 16&#8208;0577&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em geral&#44; 148 neonatos foram notificados no Rio Grande do Sul durante as 56 semanas epidemiol&#243;gicas de interesse&#44; em 153&#46;744 nascidos vivos registrados &#40;preval&#234;ncia 9&#44;6&#47;10&#46;000&#41;&#46; O exame de neuroimagem foi feito em 60&#44;8&#37; dos casos e os testes das infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas foram feitos em 20&#37; a 73&#37; dos neonatos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas das m&#227;es e antropom&#233;tricas dos rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos s&#227;o apresentadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; De modo geral&#44; 18 m&#227;es &#40;18&#44;3&#37;&#41; relataram ter consumido bebidas alc&#243;olicas durante a gravidez &#40;dessas&#44; cinco neonatos apresentaram anomalias no SNC de etiologia n&#227;o definida&#41; e 30 relataram tabagismo&#59; 14 relataram uso de drogas il&#237;citas&#59; 27 &#40;62&#44;1&#37;&#41; apresentaram baixo peso ao nascer&#59; 35 &#40;23&#44;6&#37;&#41; nasceram prematuros e 48 &#40;32&#44;4&#37;&#41; eram pequenos para a idade gestacional&#46; Os achados de neuroimagem foram anormais em 48&#44;9&#37; dos casos &#40;n &#61; 44&#47;90&#41;&#44; quando dispon&#237;vel&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma an&#225;lise detalhada dos 148 beb&#234;s notificados levou a 90 &#40;60&#44;8&#37;&#41; casos considerados microcefalia &#8220;n&#227;o confirmada&#8221;&#58; 20 com PC de 32 no nascimento e desenvolvimento normal no acompanhamento&#59; e 70 nasceram com PC inferior a 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; por&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos ap&#243;s se aplicarem os gr&#225;ficos do Intergrowth &#40;ajustados para idade gestacional e sexo&#41;&#59; ou proporcionalmente pequenos para a idade gestacional e sem detec&#231;&#227;o de qualquer anomalia cerebral ou neurol&#243;gica&#46; Nesse grupo&#44; foram detectados alguns fatores de risco conhecidos para prematuridade&#47;pequeno para a idade gestacional&#44; como infec&#231;&#227;o por HIV &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; consumo de bebidas alc&#243;olicas &#40;cinco casos&#41;&#44; crack &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; fuma&#231;a de cigarro&#44; hipertens&#227;o materna&#46; Contudo&#44; uma causa definida n&#227;o p&#244;de ser estabelecida&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos 58 casos confirmados de microcefalia &#40;preval&#234;ncia &#61; 3&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#41;&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas foram o principal fator causal identificado &#40;n &#61; 29&#59; 50&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#58; s&#237;filis &#40;n &#61; 13&#59; 22&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; toxoplasmose &#40;n &#61; 7&#59; 12&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; CMV &#40;n &#61; 6&#59; 10&#44;3&#37;&#41; e ZIKV &#40;n &#61; 3&#59; 5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Nove casos &#40;15&#44;5&#37;&#41; foram classificados como malforma&#231;&#245;es isoladas no SNC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41; e consistiram em encefalocele &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; agenesia do corpo caloso &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; entre outras&#46; Seis pacientes &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41; foram diagnosticados com s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas&#44; por&#233;m&#44; em outros 11 casos&#44; houve suspeita de uma doen&#231;a gen&#233;tica&#44; por&#233;m sem confirma&#231;&#227;o de s&#237;ndrome espec&#237;fica&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Descri&#231;&#227;o dos casos de s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do Zika</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caso 1&#58; sexo feminino&#44; nascida em 2015&#44; de um casal jovem e saud&#225;vel n&#227;o consangu&#237;neo&#44; hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para anomalias cong&#234;nitas&#44; idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41; de 38 semanas&#44; peso 2&#44;436<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; comprimento 44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; PC 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#46; A m&#227;e viajou para o Nordeste do Brasil &#40;Recife&#44; Pernambuco&#41; durante seu segundo m&#234;s de gravidez&#44; quando apresentou erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; conjuntivite e artralgia&#46; N&#227;o fez exame&#44; pois&#44; na &#233;poca&#44; estava com uma infec&#231;&#227;o e o ZIKV n&#227;o foi considerado uma infec&#231;&#227;o de preocupa&#231;&#227;o&#46; O exame cl&#237;nico no beb&#234; foi feito por nossa equipe aos tr&#234;s meses de idade&#44; quando observamos uma despropor&#231;&#227;o craniofacial significativa com per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico pequeno e osso occipital proeminente&#44; colapso dos ossos cranianos&#44; pele redundante no couro cabeludo e na regi&#227;o da nuca&#44; espasticidade&#44; hiperatividade&#44; dificuldades de degluti&#231;&#227;o e choro inconsol&#225;vel&#46; O fundo dos olhos n&#227;o foi avaliado&#44; pois a paciente interrompeu o acompanhamento&#46; A RT&#8208;PCR foi negativa no LCR e soro do beb&#234;&#46; Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica neurol&#243;gica&#58; microcalcifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; aumento ventricular&#44; paquigiria&#44; atrofia cortical&#46; Storch foi negativo&#46; O caso foi conclu&#237;do como SCZ com base nos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caso 2&#58; sexo masculino&#44; nascido em 2015&#44; de um casal jovem e saud&#225;vel n&#227;o consangu&#237;neo&#44; hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para anomalias cong&#234;nitas&#44; idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41; de 37 semanas&#44; peso 2&#44;740<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; comprimento 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; PC 31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 2&#41;&#46; A m&#227;e viajou para Campinas&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; e logo ap&#243;s seu retorno apresentou erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas pruriginosas e artralgia&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o fez o teste de PCR&#46; O exame cl&#237;nico por nossa equipe foi feito aos 20 meses de idade&#46; Naquela &#233;poca&#44; o PC era 39&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#46; Observamos despropor&#231;&#227;o craniofacial acentuada&#44; testa estreita com depress&#227;o bifrontal&#44; suturas sobrepostas&#44; dobras epic&#226;nticas&#44; estrabismo&#44; p&#233;s tortos e artrogripose nos joelhos&#46; No exame neurol&#243;gico&#44; observamos hipertonia acentuada&#44; irritabilidade e atraso neuromotor&#46; Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica neurol&#243;gica&#58; calcifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; aumento ventricular&#44; polimicrogiria&#46; Storch foi negativo&#46; O caso foi conclu&#237;do como SCZ com base nos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caso 3&#58; sexo feminino&#44; nascida em 2016&#44; de um casal jovem e saud&#225;vel n&#227;o consangu&#237;neo&#44; hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para anomalias cong&#234;nitas&#44; idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41; de 37 semanas&#44; peso 2&#44;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; comprimento 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; PC 26&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#46; A m&#227;e mencionou ter tido febre leve&#44; erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas pruriginosas e artralgia no segundo m&#234;s de gesta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Ela n&#227;o viajou&#44; por&#233;m estava em uma cidade onde a dengue &#233; end&#234;mica&#46; Ela n&#227;o fez exame durante a gravidez&#46; O exame cl&#237;nico por nossa equipe foi feito aos 11 meses de idade&#58; PC 33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#44; despropor&#231;&#227;o craniofacial&#44; testa estreita com depress&#227;o bifrontal&#44; osso occipital proeminente&#44; colapso dos ossos cranianos&#44; dobras cut&#226;neas&#44; m&#227;os com contraturas&#44; artrogripose&#46; Exame neurol&#243;gico&#58; espasticidade&#44; irritabilidade&#44; dificuldade de degluti&#231;&#227;o e choro inconsol&#225;vel&#46; Atraso no neurodesenvolvimento&#46; Fundo de olho normal&#46; A RT&#8208;PCR foi negativa no LCR e soro do beb&#234;&#46; Exame de TC&#58; calcifica&#231;&#245;es bilaterais no c&#233;rebro&#44; aumento ventricular&#44; padr&#227;o giral simplificado&#46; Storch foi negativo&#46; O caso foi conclu&#237;do como SCZ com base nos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No Rio Grande do Sul&#44; o estado mais meridional do Brasil&#44; a circula&#231;&#227;o aut&#243;ctone do ZIKV foi restrita a algumas regi&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas e ao ver&#227;o&#44; pois o inverno nessa parte do Brasil tem temperaturas m&#233;dias abaixo de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; inibe a atividade do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes egyptii</span>&#46; Contudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de microcefalia no presente estudo foi 3&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000&#44; que ultrapassa bastante a estimativa brasileira antes de 2015 de 0&#44;5 caso por 10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Para fins de compara&#231;&#227;o&#44; em um estudo que avaliou os nascidos vivos de janeiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016&#44; as taxas de preval&#234;ncia mais elevadas foram observadas nos estados do Nordeste do Brasil&#58; Pernambuco &#40;16&#44;6&#47;10&#46;000 IC &#61;12&#44;3&#8208;17&#44;2&#41; e Para&#237;ba &#40;10&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000&#59; IC &#61; 8&#44;86&#8208;13&#44;04&#41;&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com 0&#44;60&#47;10&#46;000 &#40;IC 0&#44;22&#8208;1&#44;31&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Portanto&#44; essas observa&#231;&#245;es mostram que&#44; no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; h&#225; um aumento nos relatos de microcefalia em compara&#231;&#227;o com os anos anteriores&#44; apesar de n&#227;o t&#227;o alto quando nos estados nordestinos&#44; onde h&#225; uma real epidemia do ZIKV&#46; Esse aumento no Rio Grande do Sul est&#225; mais provavelmente relacionado &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o mais ampla de microcefalia &#40;escores z do PC &#60; 2 abaixo da m&#233;dia&#41;&#44; bem como &#224; pesquisa ativa e relato de rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos com per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico pequeno&#44; independentemente de sua etiologia&#46; Essa hip&#243;tese &#233; compat&#237;vel com as observa&#231;&#245;es nos hospitais que participam do Estudo Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malforma&#231;&#245;es Cong&#234;nitas &#40;Eclamc&#41; de 2005 a 2014&#44; no qual foi estimada uma preval&#234;ncia de base populacional para microcefalia de 3&#44;0&#47;10&#46;000 &#40;IC de 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;7&#8208;3&#44;4&#47;10&#46;000&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; 50&#44;0&#37; dos casos de microcefalia estavam relacionados &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o&#44; por&#233;m apenas 10&#44;4&#37; eram secund&#225;rios ao ZIKV&#46; Um estudo nacional investigou a preval&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; microcefalia no Brasil em 2015&#8208;2016 com o uso das informa&#231;&#245;es secund&#225;rias dos Sistemas de Vigil&#226;ncia do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de&#46; Eles conclu&#237;ram que&#44; em 5&#46;968 casos de microcefalia relatados no Brasil&#44; 1&#46;950 &#40;32&#44;7&#37;&#41; estavam relacionados &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o &#40;30&#44;3&#37; ainda estavam sob investiga&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#46; A infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV foi a etiologia em 15&#44;6&#37; dos casos&#44; predominantemente no Nordeste do Brasil&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es Storch somente puderam ser confirmadas em 5&#44;4&#37; e esse pequeno percentual deve&#8208;se provavelmente &#224; falta de disponibilidade de testes laboratoriais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> No Piau&#237;&#44; um estado nordestino no Brasil&#44; foi observado preval&#234;ncia de 13&#44;6&#47;10&#46;000 casos de microcefalia&#44; durante a epidemia do v&#237;rus Zika em 2015&#8208;2016&#44; e 45&#44;3&#37; &#40;34&#47;75&#41; deles possivelmente relacionados ao Zika&#44; pois o Storch foi negativo nesses 34&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas sindr&#244;micas totalizaram 10&#37; dos casos no presente estudo&#59; 19&#37; ainda eram investigados devido a uma poss&#237;vel doen&#231;a gen&#233;tica&#59; 15&#37; estavam associados a malforma&#231;&#245;es do sistema nervoso central&#46; Uma taxa semelhante foi relatada nos EUA em uma amostra de rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos com microcefalia e 13&#37; dos casos foram atribu&#237;veis a doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas confirmadas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Nos hospitais sul&#8208;americanos&#44; no estudo Eclamc&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> 23&#37; dos beb&#234;s com microcefalia foram diagnosticados com uma s&#237;ndrome gen&#233;tica e 12&#37; associados a malforma&#231;&#245;es neurol&#243;gicas&#44; n&#227;o muito diferente de nosso estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; 61&#37; foram descartados por motivos cl&#237;nicos&#46; Em seu trabalho que analisou os primeiros 1&#46;501 nascidos vivos com investiga&#231;&#227;o completa no Brasil&#44; Franca et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> tamb&#233;m descartaram 59&#37; das notifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; mais frequentemente devido ao fato de eles n&#227;o terem apresentado anomalias &#243;bvias como sintomas neurol&#243;gicos ou de serem rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos proporcionalmente pequenos &#40;por exemplo&#44; com baixo peso ao nascer&#41;&#46; Um dos motivos desse alto percentual de exclus&#227;o por motivos cl&#237;nicos &#233; a ado&#231;&#227;o dos escores z &#60; 2 como limite para notifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; que &#233; menos espec&#237;fico para detectar anomalias cong&#234;nitas e incluir muitos beb&#234;s &#8220;normais&#8221; com PC na distribui&#231;&#227;o mais baixa da curva normal&#46; Antes do surgimento do ZIKV&#44; a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de microcefalia foi&#44; em geral&#44; restrita a escores z &#60; 3&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo tem v&#225;rias limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Primeira&#44; devido &#224; natureza da emerg&#234;ncia de sa&#250;de com rela&#231;&#227;o ao ZIKV&#44; a indisponibilidade ocasional de algumas modalidades de diagn&#243;stico e a impossibilidade de alguns pacientes viajarem para o HCPA&#44; nem todas as avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas foram feitas pela mesma equipe&#46; Segunda&#44; a medi&#231;&#227;o do PC pode n&#227;o ter sido feita de forma sistematicamente correta e a neuroimagem somente esteve dispon&#237;vel a aproximadamente 60&#37; dos rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos&#46; Terceiro&#44; o vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria retrospectivo aplica&#8208;se a algumas doen&#231;as das m&#227;es&#44; inclusive tratamentos e exposi&#231;&#245;es durante a gravidez &#40;principalmente com rela&#231;&#227;o ao consumo de bebidas alc&#243;olicas&#41;&#46; Quarto&#44; o exame de sorologia do CMV estava dispon&#237;vel para somente 29&#37; dos casos e o exame de herpes n&#227;o foi inclu&#237;do em todos&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; a indisponibilidade de testes de diagn&#243;stico de fato confi&#225;veis para detec&#231;&#227;o do ZIKV &#233; outra limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo&#46; Conforme observado em outros estudos&#44; a PCR do ZIKV no soro das m&#227;es ou dos neonatos normalmente &#233; negativa at&#233; sete dias ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os testes imunol&#243;gicos para triagem populacional s&#227;o suscet&#237;veis &#224; reatividade cruzada com outras infec&#231;&#245;es flaviv&#237;rus e n&#227;o foram feitos sistematicamente em nossa amostra&#46; Nesse contexto&#44; um exame cl&#237;nico abrangente e direcionado&#44; com base na descri&#231;&#227;o de casos na literatura da s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do Zika&#44; desempenha um papel decisivo no diagn&#243;stico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;16&#44;17</span></a> Assim&#44; casos menos severos de infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV podem n&#227;o ter sido relatados&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar dessas limita&#231;&#245;es&#44; este estudo fornece uma importante estimativa da etiologia da microcefalia em uma regi&#227;o adjacente&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o diretamente afetada pelo surto do ZIKV&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em conclus&#227;o&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas t&#234;m o maior impacto sobre a etiologia da microcefalia no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; apesar de a contribui&#231;&#227;o do ZIKV ter sido relativamente baixa em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; observada no Nordeste do Brasil&#46; Portanto&#44; apesar dos esfor&#231;os do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de do Brasil para melhorar o tratamento e a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as na gesta&#231;&#227;o&#44; ainda h&#225; muito trabalho a ser feito em termos de educa&#231;&#227;o e sa&#250;de p&#250;blica para melhorar a efic&#225;cia das medidas preventivas e garantir que elas atinjam a maior parte da popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Financiamento</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Programa de Apoio Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa de Eventos do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#40;Fipe&#8208;HCPA&#41; e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#40;CNPq&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Descri&#231;&#227;o dos casos de s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do Zika"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to identify the causes of congenital microcephaly in Rio Grande do Sul&#44; a state in southern Brazil&#44; where no ZIKV outbreak was detected&#44; from December 2015 to December 2016&#44; which was the period when ZIKV infection was at its peak in northeast Brazil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a cross&#8208;sectional study where all notifications of congenital microcephaly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul were included for analysis&#46; Evaluation of cases followed the guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Health&#46; Dysmorphological and neurological evaluations were performed by a specialized team&#44; and genetic tests and neuroimaging were performed when clinically indicated&#46; STORCH infections were diagnosed using standard tests&#46; ZIKV infection was diagnosed through maternal serum RT&#8208;PCR and&#47;or neuroimaging associated with clinical&#47;epidemiological criteria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From 153<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>744 registered live births in the study period&#44; 148 cases were notified&#44; but 90 &#40;60&#46;8&#37;&#41; of those were later excluded as &#8220;non&#8208;confirmed&#8221; microcephaly&#46; In the 58 confirmed cases of microcephaly &#40;prevalence &#61; 3&#46;8&#47;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 live births&#41;&#44; congenital infections &#40;syphilis&#44; toxoplasmosis&#44; cytomegalovirus&#44; and ZIKV&#41; constituted the predominant etiology &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by isolated CNS &#40;15&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; and genetic syndromes &#40;10&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Congenital ZIKV syndrome &#40;CZS&#41; with typical phenotype was diagnosed in three cases &#40;5&#46;2&#37; of all confirmed microcephaly cases or 10&#46;4&#37; of all congenital infections&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In Rio Grande do Sul&#44; where no outbreak of ZIKV infection was recorded&#44; congenital infections were the leading cause of congenital microcephaly&#44; and the attributable risk for CZS in the etiology of microcephaly was 5&#46;2&#37;&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar as causas da microcefalia cong&#234;nita no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Regi&#227;o Sul do Brasil&#44; onde n&#227;o foi detectado surto de ZIKV&#44; de dezembro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016&#46; Esse foi o per&#237;odo em que a infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV estava em seu auge no Nordeste do Brasil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este &#233; um estudo transversal no qual todas as notifica&#231;&#245;es de microcefalia cong&#234;nita no estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram inclu&#237;das para an&#225;lise&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos casos seguiu as orienta&#231;&#245;es do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o dismorfol&#243;gica e neurol&#243;gica foi feita por uma equipe especializada e os testes gen&#233;ticos e as neuroimagens foram feitos quando indicado clinicamente&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es STORCH &#40;S&#237;filis&#44; Toxoplasmose&#44; Rub&#233;ola&#44; Citomegalov&#237;rus e Herpes simples&#41; foram diagnosticadas utilizando testes padr&#227;o&#46; A infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV foi diagnosticada por meio da transcriptase reversa seguida de rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;RT&#8208;PCR&#41; no soro materno e&#47;ou neuroimagem associada a crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#47;epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De 153&#46;744 nascidos vivos registrados no per&#237;odo do estudo&#44; 148 beb&#234;s foram casos notificados&#44; por&#233;m 90 &#40;60&#44;8&#37;&#41; casos foram exclu&#237;dos posteriormente como microcefalia &#8220;n&#227;o confirmada&#8221;&#46; Nos 58 casos confirmados de microcefalia &#40;preval&#234;ncia &#61; 3&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#41;&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas &#40;s&#237;filis&#44; toxoplasmose&#44; citomegalov&#237;rus e ZIKV&#41; constitu&#237;ram a etiologia predominante &#40;50&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#44; seguidas de doen&#231;as ligadas ao SNC isolado &#40;15&#44;5&#37;&#41; e s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; A s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do ZIKV &#40;SCZ&#41; com fen&#243;tipo t&#237;pico foi diagnosticada em tr&#234;s casos &#40;5&#44;2&#37; de todos os casos confirmados de microcefalia ou 10&#44;4&#37; de todas as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Brasil&#44; onde n&#227;o foi registrado surto de infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV&#44; a principal causa de microcefalia cong&#234;nita foram infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas e o risco atribu&#237;vel para SCZ na etiologia de microcefalia foi de 5&#44;2&#37;&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Como citar este artigo&#58; Herber S&#44; Silva AA&#44; Sanseverino MT&#44; Friedrich L&#44; Ranieri TM&#44; Favreto C&#44; et al&#46; Prevalence and causes of congenital microcephaly in the absence of a Zika virus outbreak in southern Brazil&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;600&#8211;6&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Neuroimagem<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sorologia para toxoplasmose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sorologia para rub&#233;ola&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase do v&#237;rus Zika&#44; sangue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exame de s&#237;filis &#40;VDRL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase do citomegalov&#237;rus&#44; urina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Ultrassonografia&#44; tomografia computadorizada ou imagem de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica&#46;</p>"
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          ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investiga&#231;&#227;o laboratorial e de imagem de 148 casos notificados de microcefalia no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Brasil&#44; de 1&#176; dezembro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2016</p>"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas neonatais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peso ao nascer</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Muito baixo &#40;&#60; 1500 g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Baixo &#40;1500&#8208;2500 g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal &#40;&#62; 2500 g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pequeno para a idade gestacional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prematuridade &#40;&#60; 37 semanas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exposi&#231;&#245;es na gesta&#231;&#227;o</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bebidas alco&#243;licas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tabagismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Drogas il&#237;citas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;filis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Toxoplasmose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de Down&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de Cornelia de Lange&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Poss&#237;veis doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas investigadas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Malforma&#231;&#245;es isoladas do SNC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Encefalocele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Agenesia do corpo caloso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Malforma&#231;&#227;o de Dandy&#8208;Walker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Porencefalia e agenesia do corpo caloso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lisencefalia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microcefalia cong&#234;nita</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total de casos &#8220;n&#227;o confirmados&#8221; de microcefalia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90&#47;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PC &#8211; 32 com desenvolvimento normal&#47;nenhuma anomalia cerebral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Microcefalia relacionada a motivos obst&#233;tricos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Inclui prematuridade &#40;exclui ap&#243;s o uso dos gr&#225;ficos do Intergrowth&#41;&#44; proporcionalmente pequeno para a idade gestacional&#59; nenhuma outra anomalia&#44; desenvolvimento normal no acompanhamento&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descri&#231;&#227;o das causas de 148 casos notificados de microcefalia no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Brasil&#44; de 1&#176; de dezembro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2016</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Brazil&#46; Protocolo de Vigil&#226;ncia e Resposta a Ocorr&#234;ncia de Microcefalia e&#47;ou Altera&#231;&#245;es do Sistema Nervoso Central &#40;SNC&#41;&#46; Brazilian Ministry of Health&#59; 2016&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Zika virus&#58; a new human teratogen&#63; Implications for women of reproductive age"
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                            2 => "F&#46; Vianna"
                            3 => "A&#46; da Silva"
                            4 => "M&#46; Larrandaburu"
                            5 => "C&#46; Marcolongo-Pereira"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "The phenotypic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome"
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Artigo Original
Prevalence and causes of congenital microcephaly in the absence of a Zika virus outbreak in southern Brazil
Prevalência e causas da microcefalia congênita sem a presença do surto do vírus Zika no Sul do Brasil
Silvani Herbera, André A. Silvab,c, Maria Teresa V. Sanseverinoc,d,e,i, Luciana Friedrichf, Tani M.S. Ranierij, Catia Favretoj, Lucas R. Fragac,g, Anna P. Terrad, Ida V.D. Schwartza,d,i, Lavínia Schuler‐Faccinic,d,g,h,i,
Autor para correspondência
lavinia.faccini@ufrgs.br

Autor para correspondência.
a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
b Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Faculdade de Medicina, Lajeado, RS, Brasil
c Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
d Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
e Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
f Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Serviço de Pediatria, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
g Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-gradução em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
h Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Genética Médica Populacional (INaGeMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
i Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
j Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS), Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em fevereiro de 2016&#44; a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de &#40;OMS&#41; declarou uma Emerg&#234;ncia de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica de Interesse Internacional &#40;ESPII&#41; com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por v&#237;rus Zika &#40;ZIKV&#41; na Am&#233;rica Latina e sua poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o com aglomerados de microcefalia&#46; Antes disso&#44; em novembro de 2016&#44; o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de &#40;MS&#41; havia implantado uma notifica&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria de microcefalia neonatal e&#47;ou outras anomalias no sistema nervoso central &#40;SNC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A associa&#231;&#227;o entre as anomalias no SNC&#44; inclusive microcefalia e infec&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;&#8208;natal por ZIKV&#44; foi comprovada em 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> e foi definida uma s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do ZIKV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; a microcefalia cong&#234;nita &#233; uma doen&#231;a heterog&#234;nea&#44; com base em uma medida do per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico&#44; com grande n&#250;mero de causas gen&#233;ticas e ambientais descritas at&#233; hoje&#44; inclusive infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas&#44; s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas e malforma&#231;&#245;es no SNC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5&#44;6</span></a> A maior parte das orienta&#231;&#245;es atuais define a microcefalia como uma circunfer&#234;ncia occipitofrontal &#40;COF&#41;&#44; ou per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico &#40;PC&#41;&#44; mais de dois desvios&#8208;padr&#227;o &#40;DPs&#41; abaixo da m&#233;dia populacional&#44; e microcefalia grave como PC &#60; 3 DP abaixo da m&#233;dia&#46; O PC &#233; uma medida indireta do tamanho do c&#233;rebro e pode ser uma vari&#225;vel preditora de desenvolvimento cerebral anormal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As causas da microcefalia geralmente permanecem desconhecidas&#46; Em estudos retrospectivos&#44; nenhuma etiologia &#233; identificada em at&#233; 40&#8208;70&#37; dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> A notifica&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria da microcefalia possibilita uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais detalhada desses casos&#46; Contudo&#44; h&#225; uma associa&#231;&#227;o bem estabelecida entre a microcefalia e as infec&#231;&#245;es maternas&#44; principalmente nas que ocorrem nas primeiras 12 semanas de gravidez&#44; que podem causar formas caracter&#237;sticas de dano cerebral&#46; Al&#233;m da microcefalia&#44; essas manifesta&#231;&#245;es incluem hidrocefalia&#44; calcifica&#231;&#245;es cerebrais&#44; ventriculomegalia&#44; dist&#250;rbios da migra&#231;&#227;o cortical&#44; anomalias na mat&#233;ria branca e hipoplasia cerebelar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antes de 2015&#44; a preval&#234;ncia estimada de microcefalia grave no nascimento foi 0&#44;5 por 10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#46; Ap&#243;s identifica&#231;&#227;o da poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o entre a infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV e microcefalia na Regi&#227;o Nordeste do Brasil&#44; essa preval&#234;ncia aumentou para cerca de 20 casos por 10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#46; Os estados nordestinos do Brasil apresentaram a maior incid&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a do ZIKV na popula&#231;&#227;o geral &#40;34&#47;10&#46;000 no Estado da Bahia em 2016&#41;&#46; Por outro lado&#44; no Rio Grande do Sul &#40;RS&#41;&#44; o estado mais meridional do Brasil&#44; apesar de terem sido identificados casos aut&#243;ctones no in&#237;cio de 2016&#44; n&#227;o houve surto e o pico de incid&#234;ncia foi de somente 1&#44;7 caso por 100&#46;000 habitantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Modelo do estudo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fizemos um estudo transversal&#44; no qual foram inclu&#237;das todas as notifica&#231;&#245;es de microcefalia cong&#234;nita no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; de dezembro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2016 &#40;56 semanas epidemiol&#243;gicas&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Defini&#231;&#227;o dos casos e protocolo do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante os primeiros tr&#234;s meses do estudo&#44; a notifica&#231;&#227;o foi obrigat&#243;ria pelo MS para todos os beb&#234;s nascidos com PC igual ou inferior a 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; Foi feita uma an&#225;lise da notifica&#231;&#227;o dos casos feita pelo MS em fevereiro de 2016&#44; quando foi definida microcefalia para escore z do PC &#60; 2 abaixo da m&#233;dia para o sexo e a idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41;&#44; de acordo com as curvas do Intergrowth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos casos seguiu as diretrizes do Protocolo de Vigil&#226;ncia e Resposta publicado pelo MS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Relato de casos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os neonatos foram relatados para o Registro de Eventos de Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica &#40;RESP&#41; pelo primeiro m&#233;dico a identificar microcefalia&#46; Os m&#233;dicos tiveram de informar os dados de nascimento e parto &#40;inclusive PC&#44; peso&#44; IG&#41;&#44; os achados cl&#237;nicos e de imagem anormais&#44; as doen&#231;as maternas e gestacionais e as poss&#237;veis infec&#231;&#245;es e exposi&#231;&#245;es durante a gravidez&#44; inclusive viagem para &#225;reas end&#234;micas do ZIKV&#46; Os casos foram classificados posteriormente por n&#243;s como &#40;1&#41; casos &#8220;n&#227;o confirmados&#8221; de microcefalia&#58; beb&#234;s prematuros proporcionais sem outras anomalias &#40;foram exclu&#237;dos como microcefalia ao ajustar o sexo e a idade gestacional com a aplica&#231;&#227;o dos gr&#225;ficos do Integrowth&#41;&#59; PC pequeno em beb&#234;s proporcionais pequenos para a idade gestacional&#44; com desenvolvimento normal e sem anomalia associada&#59; PC de 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm no nascimento &#40;crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o somente nos primeiros tr&#234;s meses da notifica&#231;&#227;o obrigat&#243;ria&#41; sem outras anomalias e desenvolvimento normal no acompanhamento&#59; &#40;2&#41; casos &#8220;confirmados&#8221; ou reais de microcefalia&#58; todos os casos relatados restantes&#46; Os casos confirmados foram classificados posteriormente por etiologia&#44; como segue&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas foram diagnosticadas com os seguintes crit&#233;rios&#58; 1&#41; ZIKV&#58; confirmada por hist&#243;rico materno de viagem para &#225;reas end&#234;micas&#44; erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas e dor nas articula&#231;&#245;es&#59; e hist&#243;rico neonatal de achados de imagem no SNC&#44; achados no exame f&#237;sico ou resultado na rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;PCR&#41; do ZIKV compat&#237;vel com doen&#231;a do v&#237;rus Zika&#46; 2&#41; CMV&#58; confirmado por PCR positiva na urina&#46; 3&#41; Toxoplasmose e rub&#233;ola&#58; confirmadas por sorologia positiva para imunoglobulina &#40;IgM&#41; no sangue&#46; 4&#41; S&#237;filis&#58; confirmada por exame do Laborat&#243;rio de Pesquisa de Doen&#231;as Ven&#233;reas &#40;VDRL&#41; em uma amostra de sangue do neonato ou amostra do fluido cerebrospinal &#40;LCR&#41; ou teste positivo para anticorpo trepon&#234;mico fluorescente &#40;FTAAbs&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os testes de sorologia para toxoplasmose e rub&#233;ola e PCR do ZIKV nas amostras de sangue das m&#227;es e dos neonatos foram feitos no Laborat&#243;rio Central do Estado &#40;Laceno&#41;&#46; O exame de s&#237;filis por VDRL&#44; PCR do CMV e a neuroimagem &#40;ultrassom&#44; TC ou RMI&#41; foram feitos nos munic&#237;pios de origem dos pacientes&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> descreve a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos testes de diagn&#243;stico feitos na amostra&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">An&#225;lise de dados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados maternos e neonatais foram analisados pelo Centro Estadual de Vigil&#226;ncia em Sa&#250;de &#40;CEVS&#41;&#46; Os prontu&#225;rios foram revisados conjuntamente pela equipe do CEVS e pelo Sistema Nacional de Informa&#231;&#227;o sobre Agentes Teratog&#234;nicos &#40;SIAT&#41;&#46; O SIAT conta com uma equipe multidisciplinar de geneticistas m&#233;dicos&#44; pediatras e enfermeiros especialmente treinados &#8211; que incluem alguns dos autores deste relat&#243;rio &#8211; e &#233; afiliado ao Servi&#231;o de Gen&#233;tica M&#233;dica do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#40;HCPA&#41;&#44; um centro de cuidado terci&#225;rio e importante hospital de refer&#234;ncia do Rio Grande do Sul&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Atendimento ao paciente</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes inicialmente receberam atendimento em seus munic&#237;pios de origem&#46; Todos os casos confirmados de microcefalia foram encaminhados para nosso hospital de refer&#234;ncia &#40;HCPA&#41; para avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e&#44; caso necess&#225;rio&#44; investiga&#231;&#227;o adicional&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Investiga&#231;&#227;o das causas gen&#233;ticas ou malforma&#231;&#245;es isoladas no SNC</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os neonatos com hist&#243;rico familiar de anomalias gen&#233;ticas&#44; consanguinidade&#44; achados anormais no diagn&#243;stico por imagem ou manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas &#40;altera&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas&#41; sugestivas de doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas foram submetidos a teste gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico &#40;inclusive cariotipagem e rastreio de erros inatos do metabolismo&#41; e um exame f&#237;sico detalhado&#44; feito por um geneticista m&#233;dico&#44; juntamente com a investiga&#231;&#227;o das poss&#237;veis causas infecciosas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os percentis do PC foram calculados com os gr&#225;ficos do Intergrowth&#44; corrigidos para sexo e IG&#46; A an&#225;lise da amostra foi feita na vers&#227;o 20&#46;0 do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS&#46; A preval&#234;ncia da microcefalia foi calculada com o n&#250;mero de nascidos vivos entre dezembro de 2015 e dezembro de 2016&#46; Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa do HCPA &#40;protocolo n&#176; 16&#8208;0577&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em geral&#44; 148 neonatos foram notificados no Rio Grande do Sul durante as 56 semanas epidemiol&#243;gicas de interesse&#44; em 153&#46;744 nascidos vivos registrados &#40;preval&#234;ncia 9&#44;6&#47;10&#46;000&#41;&#46; O exame de neuroimagem foi feito em 60&#44;8&#37; dos casos e os testes das infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas foram feitos em 20&#37; a 73&#37; dos neonatos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas das m&#227;es e antropom&#233;tricas dos rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos s&#227;o apresentadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; De modo geral&#44; 18 m&#227;es &#40;18&#44;3&#37;&#41; relataram ter consumido bebidas alc&#243;olicas durante a gravidez &#40;dessas&#44; cinco neonatos apresentaram anomalias no SNC de etiologia n&#227;o definida&#41; e 30 relataram tabagismo&#59; 14 relataram uso de drogas il&#237;citas&#59; 27 &#40;62&#44;1&#37;&#41; apresentaram baixo peso ao nascer&#59; 35 &#40;23&#44;6&#37;&#41; nasceram prematuros e 48 &#40;32&#44;4&#37;&#41; eram pequenos para a idade gestacional&#46; Os achados de neuroimagem foram anormais em 48&#44;9&#37; dos casos &#40;n &#61; 44&#47;90&#41;&#44; quando dispon&#237;vel&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma an&#225;lise detalhada dos 148 beb&#234;s notificados levou a 90 &#40;60&#44;8&#37;&#41; casos considerados microcefalia &#8220;n&#227;o confirmada&#8221;&#58; 20 com PC de 32 no nascimento e desenvolvimento normal no acompanhamento&#59; e 70 nasceram com PC inferior a 32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; por&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos ap&#243;s se aplicarem os gr&#225;ficos do Intergrowth &#40;ajustados para idade gestacional e sexo&#41;&#59; ou proporcionalmente pequenos para a idade gestacional e sem detec&#231;&#227;o de qualquer anomalia cerebral ou neurol&#243;gica&#46; Nesse grupo&#44; foram detectados alguns fatores de risco conhecidos para prematuridade&#47;pequeno para a idade gestacional&#44; como infec&#231;&#227;o por HIV &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; consumo de bebidas alc&#243;olicas &#40;cinco casos&#41;&#44; crack &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; fuma&#231;a de cigarro&#44; hipertens&#227;o materna&#46; Contudo&#44; uma causa definida n&#227;o p&#244;de ser estabelecida&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos 58 casos confirmados de microcefalia &#40;preval&#234;ncia &#61; 3&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#41;&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas foram o principal fator causal identificado &#40;n &#61; 29&#59; 50&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#58; s&#237;filis &#40;n &#61; 13&#59; 22&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; toxoplasmose &#40;n &#61; 7&#59; 12&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; CMV &#40;n &#61; 6&#59; 10&#44;3&#37;&#41; e ZIKV &#40;n &#61; 3&#59; 5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Nove casos &#40;15&#44;5&#37;&#41; foram classificados como malforma&#231;&#245;es isoladas no SNC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41; e consistiram em encefalocele &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; agenesia do corpo caloso &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; entre outras&#46; Seis pacientes &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41; foram diagnosticados com s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas&#44; por&#233;m&#44; em outros 11 casos&#44; houve suspeita de uma doen&#231;a gen&#233;tica&#44; por&#233;m sem confirma&#231;&#227;o de s&#237;ndrome espec&#237;fica&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Descri&#231;&#227;o dos casos de s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do Zika</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caso 1&#58; sexo feminino&#44; nascida em 2015&#44; de um casal jovem e saud&#225;vel n&#227;o consangu&#237;neo&#44; hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para anomalias cong&#234;nitas&#44; idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41; de 38 semanas&#44; peso 2&#44;436<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; comprimento 44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; PC 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#46; A m&#227;e viajou para o Nordeste do Brasil &#40;Recife&#44; Pernambuco&#41; durante seu segundo m&#234;s de gravidez&#44; quando apresentou erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; conjuntivite e artralgia&#46; N&#227;o fez exame&#44; pois&#44; na &#233;poca&#44; estava com uma infec&#231;&#227;o e o ZIKV n&#227;o foi considerado uma infec&#231;&#227;o de preocupa&#231;&#227;o&#46; O exame cl&#237;nico no beb&#234; foi feito por nossa equipe aos tr&#234;s meses de idade&#44; quando observamos uma despropor&#231;&#227;o craniofacial significativa com per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico pequeno e osso occipital proeminente&#44; colapso dos ossos cranianos&#44; pele redundante no couro cabeludo e na regi&#227;o da nuca&#44; espasticidade&#44; hiperatividade&#44; dificuldades de degluti&#231;&#227;o e choro inconsol&#225;vel&#46; O fundo dos olhos n&#227;o foi avaliado&#44; pois a paciente interrompeu o acompanhamento&#46; A RT&#8208;PCR foi negativa no LCR e soro do beb&#234;&#46; Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica neurol&#243;gica&#58; microcalcifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; aumento ventricular&#44; paquigiria&#44; atrofia cortical&#46; Storch foi negativo&#46; O caso foi conclu&#237;do como SCZ com base nos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caso 2&#58; sexo masculino&#44; nascido em 2015&#44; de um casal jovem e saud&#225;vel n&#227;o consangu&#237;neo&#44; hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para anomalias cong&#234;nitas&#44; idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41; de 37 semanas&#44; peso 2&#44;740<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; comprimento 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; PC 31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 2&#41;&#46; A m&#227;e viajou para Campinas&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; e logo ap&#243;s seu retorno apresentou erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas pruriginosas e artralgia&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o fez o teste de PCR&#46; O exame cl&#237;nico por nossa equipe foi feito aos 20 meses de idade&#46; Naquela &#233;poca&#44; o PC era 39&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#46; Observamos despropor&#231;&#227;o craniofacial acentuada&#44; testa estreita com depress&#227;o bifrontal&#44; suturas sobrepostas&#44; dobras epic&#226;nticas&#44; estrabismo&#44; p&#233;s tortos e artrogripose nos joelhos&#46; No exame neurol&#243;gico&#44; observamos hipertonia acentuada&#44; irritabilidade e atraso neuromotor&#46; Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica neurol&#243;gica&#58; calcifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; aumento ventricular&#44; polimicrogiria&#46; Storch foi negativo&#46; O caso foi conclu&#237;do como SCZ com base nos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caso 3&#58; sexo feminino&#44; nascida em 2016&#44; de um casal jovem e saud&#225;vel n&#227;o consangu&#237;neo&#44; hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para anomalias cong&#234;nitas&#44; idade gestacional &#40;IG&#41; de 37 semanas&#44; peso 2&#44;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; comprimento 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; PC 26&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#46; A m&#227;e mencionou ter tido febre leve&#44; erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas pruriginosas e artralgia no segundo m&#234;s de gesta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Ela n&#227;o viajou&#44; por&#233;m estava em uma cidade onde a dengue &#233; end&#234;mica&#46; Ela n&#227;o fez exame durante a gravidez&#46; O exame cl&#237;nico por nossa equipe foi feito aos 11 meses de idade&#58; PC 33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;escore z &#60; 3&#41;&#44; despropor&#231;&#227;o craniofacial&#44; testa estreita com depress&#227;o bifrontal&#44; osso occipital proeminente&#44; colapso dos ossos cranianos&#44; dobras cut&#226;neas&#44; m&#227;os com contraturas&#44; artrogripose&#46; Exame neurol&#243;gico&#58; espasticidade&#44; irritabilidade&#44; dificuldade de degluti&#231;&#227;o e choro inconsol&#225;vel&#46; Atraso no neurodesenvolvimento&#46; Fundo de olho normal&#46; A RT&#8208;PCR foi negativa no LCR e soro do beb&#234;&#46; Exame de TC&#58; calcifica&#231;&#245;es bilaterais no c&#233;rebro&#44; aumento ventricular&#44; padr&#227;o giral simplificado&#46; Storch foi negativo&#46; O caso foi conclu&#237;do como SCZ com base nos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos e epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No Rio Grande do Sul&#44; o estado mais meridional do Brasil&#44; a circula&#231;&#227;o aut&#243;ctone do ZIKV foi restrita a algumas regi&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas e ao ver&#227;o&#44; pois o inverno nessa parte do Brasil tem temperaturas m&#233;dias abaixo de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; inibe a atividade do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes egyptii</span>&#46; Contudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de microcefalia no presente estudo foi 3&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000&#44; que ultrapassa bastante a estimativa brasileira antes de 2015 de 0&#44;5 caso por 10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Para fins de compara&#231;&#227;o&#44; em um estudo que avaliou os nascidos vivos de janeiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016&#44; as taxas de preval&#234;ncia mais elevadas foram observadas nos estados do Nordeste do Brasil&#58; Pernambuco &#40;16&#44;6&#47;10&#46;000 IC &#61;12&#44;3&#8208;17&#44;2&#41; e Para&#237;ba &#40;10&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000&#59; IC &#61; 8&#44;86&#8208;13&#44;04&#41;&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com 0&#44;60&#47;10&#46;000 &#40;IC 0&#44;22&#8208;1&#44;31&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Portanto&#44; essas observa&#231;&#245;es mostram que&#44; no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; h&#225; um aumento nos relatos de microcefalia em compara&#231;&#227;o com os anos anteriores&#44; apesar de n&#227;o t&#227;o alto quando nos estados nordestinos&#44; onde h&#225; uma real epidemia do ZIKV&#46; Esse aumento no Rio Grande do Sul est&#225; mais provavelmente relacionado &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o mais ampla de microcefalia &#40;escores z do PC &#60; 2 abaixo da m&#233;dia&#41;&#44; bem como &#224; pesquisa ativa e relato de rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos com per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico pequeno&#44; independentemente de sua etiologia&#46; Essa hip&#243;tese &#233; compat&#237;vel com as observa&#231;&#245;es nos hospitais que participam do Estudo Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malforma&#231;&#245;es Cong&#234;nitas &#40;Eclamc&#41; de 2005 a 2014&#44; no qual foi estimada uma preval&#234;ncia de base populacional para microcefalia de 3&#44;0&#47;10&#46;000 &#40;IC de 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;7&#8208;3&#44;4&#47;10&#46;000&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; 50&#44;0&#37; dos casos de microcefalia estavam relacionados &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o&#44; por&#233;m apenas 10&#44;4&#37; eram secund&#225;rios ao ZIKV&#46; Um estudo nacional investigou a preval&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; microcefalia no Brasil em 2015&#8208;2016 com o uso das informa&#231;&#245;es secund&#225;rias dos Sistemas de Vigil&#226;ncia do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de&#46; Eles conclu&#237;ram que&#44; em 5&#46;968 casos de microcefalia relatados no Brasil&#44; 1&#46;950 &#40;32&#44;7&#37;&#41; estavam relacionados &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o &#40;30&#44;3&#37; ainda estavam sob investiga&#231;&#227;o&#41;&#46; A infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV foi a etiologia em 15&#44;6&#37; dos casos&#44; predominantemente no Nordeste do Brasil&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es Storch somente puderam ser confirmadas em 5&#44;4&#37; e esse pequeno percentual deve&#8208;se provavelmente &#224; falta de disponibilidade de testes laboratoriais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> No Piau&#237;&#44; um estado nordestino no Brasil&#44; foi observado preval&#234;ncia de 13&#44;6&#47;10&#46;000 casos de microcefalia&#44; durante a epidemia do v&#237;rus Zika em 2015&#8208;2016&#44; e 45&#44;3&#37; &#40;34&#47;75&#41; deles possivelmente relacionados ao Zika&#44; pois o Storch foi negativo nesses 34&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas sindr&#244;micas totalizaram 10&#37; dos casos no presente estudo&#59; 19&#37; ainda eram investigados devido a uma poss&#237;vel doen&#231;a gen&#233;tica&#59; 15&#37; estavam associados a malforma&#231;&#245;es do sistema nervoso central&#46; Uma taxa semelhante foi relatada nos EUA em uma amostra de rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos com microcefalia e 13&#37; dos casos foram atribu&#237;veis a doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas confirmadas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Nos hospitais sul&#8208;americanos&#44; no estudo Eclamc&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> 23&#37; dos beb&#234;s com microcefalia foram diagnosticados com uma s&#237;ndrome gen&#233;tica e 12&#37; associados a malforma&#231;&#245;es neurol&#243;gicas&#44; n&#227;o muito diferente de nosso estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; 61&#37; foram descartados por motivos cl&#237;nicos&#46; Em seu trabalho que analisou os primeiros 1&#46;501 nascidos vivos com investiga&#231;&#227;o completa no Brasil&#44; Franca et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> tamb&#233;m descartaram 59&#37; das notifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; mais frequentemente devido ao fato de eles n&#227;o terem apresentado anomalias &#243;bvias como sintomas neurol&#243;gicos ou de serem rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos proporcionalmente pequenos &#40;por exemplo&#44; com baixo peso ao nascer&#41;&#46; Um dos motivos desse alto percentual de exclus&#227;o por motivos cl&#237;nicos &#233; a ado&#231;&#227;o dos escores z &#60; 2 como limite para notifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; que &#233; menos espec&#237;fico para detectar anomalias cong&#234;nitas e incluir muitos beb&#234;s &#8220;normais&#8221; com PC na distribui&#231;&#227;o mais baixa da curva normal&#46; Antes do surgimento do ZIKV&#44; a defini&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de microcefalia foi&#44; em geral&#44; restrita a escores z &#60; 3&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo tem v&#225;rias limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Primeira&#44; devido &#224; natureza da emerg&#234;ncia de sa&#250;de com rela&#231;&#227;o ao ZIKV&#44; a indisponibilidade ocasional de algumas modalidades de diagn&#243;stico e a impossibilidade de alguns pacientes viajarem para o HCPA&#44; nem todas as avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas foram feitas pela mesma equipe&#46; Segunda&#44; a medi&#231;&#227;o do PC pode n&#227;o ter sido feita de forma sistematicamente correta e a neuroimagem somente esteve dispon&#237;vel a aproximadamente 60&#37; dos rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos&#46; Terceiro&#44; o vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria retrospectivo aplica&#8208;se a algumas doen&#231;as das m&#227;es&#44; inclusive tratamentos e exposi&#231;&#245;es durante a gravidez &#40;principalmente com rela&#231;&#227;o ao consumo de bebidas alc&#243;olicas&#41;&#46; Quarto&#44; o exame de sorologia do CMV estava dispon&#237;vel para somente 29&#37; dos casos e o exame de herpes n&#227;o foi inclu&#237;do em todos&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; a indisponibilidade de testes de diagn&#243;stico de fato confi&#225;veis para detec&#231;&#227;o do ZIKV &#233; outra limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo&#46; Conforme observado em outros estudos&#44; a PCR do ZIKV no soro das m&#227;es ou dos neonatos normalmente &#233; negativa at&#233; sete dias ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os testes imunol&#243;gicos para triagem populacional s&#227;o suscet&#237;veis &#224; reatividade cruzada com outras infec&#231;&#245;es flaviv&#237;rus e n&#227;o foram feitos sistematicamente em nossa amostra&#46; Nesse contexto&#44; um exame cl&#237;nico abrangente e direcionado&#44; com base na descri&#231;&#227;o de casos na literatura da s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do Zika&#44; desempenha um papel decisivo no diagn&#243;stico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;16&#44;17</span></a> Assim&#44; casos menos severos de infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV podem n&#227;o ter sido relatados&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar dessas limita&#231;&#245;es&#44; este estudo fornece uma importante estimativa da etiologia da microcefalia em uma regi&#227;o adjacente&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o diretamente afetada pelo surto do ZIKV&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em conclus&#227;o&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas t&#234;m o maior impacto sobre a etiologia da microcefalia no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; apesar de a contribui&#231;&#227;o do ZIKV ter sido relativamente baixa em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; observada no Nordeste do Brasil&#46; Portanto&#44; apesar dos esfor&#231;os do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de do Brasil para melhorar o tratamento e a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as na gesta&#231;&#227;o&#44; ainda h&#225; muito trabalho a ser feito em termos de educa&#231;&#227;o e sa&#250;de p&#250;blica para melhorar a efic&#225;cia das medidas preventivas e garantir que elas atinjam a maior parte da popula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Financiamento</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Programa de Apoio Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa de Eventos do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#40;Fipe&#8208;HCPA&#41; e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#40;CNPq&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to identify the causes of congenital microcephaly in Rio Grande do Sul&#44; a state in southern Brazil&#44; where no ZIKV outbreak was detected&#44; from December 2015 to December 2016&#44; which was the period when ZIKV infection was at its peak in northeast Brazil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a cross&#8208;sectional study where all notifications of congenital microcephaly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul were included for analysis&#46; Evaluation of cases followed the guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Health&#46; Dysmorphological and neurological evaluations were performed by a specialized team&#44; and genetic tests and neuroimaging were performed when clinically indicated&#46; STORCH infections were diagnosed using standard tests&#46; ZIKV infection was diagnosed through maternal serum RT&#8208;PCR and&#47;or neuroimaging associated with clinical&#47;epidemiological criteria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From 153<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>744 registered live births in the study period&#44; 148 cases were notified&#44; but 90 &#40;60&#46;8&#37;&#41; of those were later excluded as &#8220;non&#8208;confirmed&#8221; microcephaly&#46; In the 58 confirmed cases of microcephaly &#40;prevalence &#61; 3&#46;8&#47;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 live births&#41;&#44; congenital infections &#40;syphilis&#44; toxoplasmosis&#44; cytomegalovirus&#44; and ZIKV&#41; constituted the predominant etiology &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by isolated CNS &#40;15&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; and genetic syndromes &#40;10&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Congenital ZIKV syndrome &#40;CZS&#41; with typical phenotype was diagnosed in three cases &#40;5&#46;2&#37; of all confirmed microcephaly cases or 10&#46;4&#37; of all congenital infections&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In Rio Grande do Sul&#44; where no outbreak of ZIKV infection was recorded&#44; congenital infections were the leading cause of congenital microcephaly&#44; and the attributable risk for CZS in the etiology of microcephaly was 5&#46;2&#37;&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar as causas da microcefalia cong&#234;nita no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Regi&#227;o Sul do Brasil&#44; onde n&#227;o foi detectado surto de ZIKV&#44; de dezembro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016&#46; Esse foi o per&#237;odo em que a infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV estava em seu auge no Nordeste do Brasil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este &#233; um estudo transversal no qual todas as notifica&#231;&#245;es de microcefalia cong&#234;nita no estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram inclu&#237;das para an&#225;lise&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos casos seguiu as orienta&#231;&#245;es do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o dismorfol&#243;gica e neurol&#243;gica foi feita por uma equipe especializada e os testes gen&#233;ticos e as neuroimagens foram feitos quando indicado clinicamente&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es STORCH &#40;S&#237;filis&#44; Toxoplasmose&#44; Rub&#233;ola&#44; Citomegalov&#237;rus e Herpes simples&#41; foram diagnosticadas utilizando testes padr&#227;o&#46; A infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV foi diagnosticada por meio da transcriptase reversa seguida de rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;RT&#8208;PCR&#41; no soro materno e&#47;ou neuroimagem associada a crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos&#47;epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De 153&#46;744 nascidos vivos registrados no per&#237;odo do estudo&#44; 148 beb&#234;s foram casos notificados&#44; por&#233;m 90 &#40;60&#44;8&#37;&#41; casos foram exclu&#237;dos posteriormente como microcefalia &#8220;n&#227;o confirmada&#8221;&#46; Nos 58 casos confirmados de microcefalia &#40;preval&#234;ncia &#61; 3&#44;8&#47;10&#46;000 nascidos vivos&#41;&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas &#40;s&#237;filis&#44; toxoplasmose&#44; citomegalov&#237;rus e ZIKV&#41; constitu&#237;ram a etiologia predominante &#40;50&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#44; seguidas de doen&#231;as ligadas ao SNC isolado &#40;15&#44;5&#37;&#41; e s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; A s&#237;ndrome cong&#234;nita do ZIKV &#40;SCZ&#41; com fen&#243;tipo t&#237;pico foi diagnosticada em tr&#234;s casos &#40;5&#44;2&#37; de todos os casos confirmados de microcefalia ou 10&#44;4&#37; de todas as infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Brasil&#44; onde n&#227;o foi registrado surto de infec&#231;&#227;o por ZIKV&#44; a principal causa de microcefalia cong&#234;nita foram infec&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas e o risco atribu&#237;vel para SCZ na etiologia de microcefalia foi de 5&#44;2&#37;&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Como citar este artigo&#58; Herber S&#44; Silva AA&#44; Sanseverino MT&#44; Friedrich L&#44; Ranieri TM&#44; Favreto C&#44; et al&#46; Prevalence and causes of congenital microcephaly in the absence of a Zika virus outbreak in southern Brazil&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;600&#8211;6&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neuroimagem<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sorologia para toxoplasmose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sorologia para rub&#233;ola&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase do v&#237;rus Zika&#44; sangue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exame de s&#237;filis &#40;VDRL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase do citomegalov&#237;rus&#44; urina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investiga&#231;&#227;o laboratorial e de imagem de 148 casos notificados de microcefalia no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Brasil&#44; de 1&#176; dezembro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2016</p>"
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            "detalle" => "Tabela "
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas neonatais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peso ao nascer</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Muito baixo &#40;&#60; 1500 g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Baixo &#40;1500&#8208;2500 g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal &#40;&#62; 2500 g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pequeno para a idade gestacional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prematuridade &#40;&#60; 37 semanas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas maternas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>At&#233; 20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#8208;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de Down&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Poss&#237;veis doen&#231;as gen&#233;ticas investigadas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Malforma&#231;&#245;es isoladas do SNC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Encefalocele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Agenesia do corpo caloso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Malforma&#231;&#227;o de Dandy&#8208;Walker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Porencefalia e agenesia do corpo caloso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lisencefalia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Microcefalia cong&#234;nita</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total de casos &#8220;n&#227;o confirmados&#8221; de microcefalia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90&#47;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">60&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PC &#8211; 32 com desenvolvimento normal&#47;nenhuma anomalia cerebral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Microcefalia relacionada a motivos obst&#233;tricos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Inclui prematuridade &#40;exclui ap&#243;s o uso dos gr&#225;ficos do Intergrowth&#41;&#44; proporcionalmente pequeno para a idade gestacional&#59; nenhuma outra anomalia&#44; desenvolvimento normal no acompanhamento&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descri&#231;&#227;o das causas de 148 casos notificados de microcefalia no Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Brasil&#44; de 1&#176; de dezembro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2016</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Brazil&#46; Protocolo de Vigil&#226;ncia e Resposta a Ocorr&#234;ncia de Microcefalia e&#47;ou Altera&#231;&#245;es do Sistema Nervoso Central &#40;SNC&#41;&#46; Brazilian Ministry of Health&#59; 2016&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Zika virus&#58; a new human teratogen&#63; Implications for women of reproductive age"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            2 => "F&#46; Vianna"
                            3 => "A&#46; da Silva"
                            4 => "M&#46; Larrandaburu"
                            5 => "C&#46; Marcolongo-Pereira"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/dmcn.12425"
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                      "titulo" => "Practice parameter&#58; evaluation of the child with microcephaly &#40;an evidence&#8208;based review&#41;&#58; report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society"
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