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a restri&#231;&#227;o alimentar &#233; a mais abordada na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A restri&#231;&#227;o envolve um tipo de limite imposto pelos pais aos filhos relacionado &#224; disponibilidade e quantidade dos alimentos em geral altamente palat&#225;veis e n&#227;o saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Considerando a motiva&#231;&#227;o para o uso dessa pr&#225;tica&#44; os pais podem ser mobilizados principalmente pelo desejo de melhorar a sa&#250;de da crian&#231;a ou adequar o seu peso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A escolha parental pelo uso de pr&#225;ticas restritivas pode ser influenciada por fatores como percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o peso do filho&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> resposta ao excesso de peso infantil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> e preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o peso da crian&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de os pais usarem a restri&#231;&#227;o como m&#233;todo de controle da alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil&#44; tal pr&#225;tica pode ter efeitos contraproducentes&#44; uma vez que interfere nos sinais internos de fome e saciedade e na autorregula&#231;&#227;o do apetite da crian&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Nesse cen&#225;rio&#44; alguns estudos constataram que pr&#225;ticas parentais restritivas estavam associadas com o comportamento das crian&#231;as de &#8220;comer na aus&#234;ncia de fome&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> e que&#44; quando expostas &#224;s op&#231;&#245;es do que lhes &#233; restrito&#44; passam a apresentar maior prefer&#234;ncia por esses alimentos e os ingerem em excesso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12</span></a> Por fim&#44; grande parte das investiga&#231;&#245;es sobre o tema constatou que a restri&#231;&#227;o parental est&#225; relacionada com o excesso de peso infantil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8&#44;12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dadas as implica&#231;&#245;es negativas relacionadas com a pr&#225;tica restritiva&#44; desenvolver estudos que possibilitem a compreens&#227;o dos fatores associados com tal atitude dos pais pode ser um caminho que viabilize a identifica&#231;&#227;o de situa&#231;&#245;es de risco para a sa&#250;de nutricional e emocional da crian&#231;a&#44; bem como para a preven&#231;&#227;o de tratamentos dos problemas consequentes a essas pr&#225;ticas&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dessa forma&#44; o presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir o uso de restri&#231;&#227;o alimentar materna para controle de peso da crian&#231;a&#44; mensurada por meio do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire</span> &#40;CFPQ&#41;&#44; a partir da investiga&#231;&#227;o das poss&#237;veis associa&#231;&#245;es existentes e das influ&#234;ncias significativas relacionadas &#224; pr&#225;tica&#46; A hip&#243;tese do atual estudo era que a pr&#225;tica de restri&#231;&#227;o estaria associada principalmente &#224; preocupa&#231;&#227;o materna com o excesso de peso infantil&#44; &#224; percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional do filho e ao estado nutricional dos pais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo usou dados do Estudo de Pr&#225;ticas Alimentares&#44; uma pesquisa transversal que teve por objetivo adaptar e validar o CFPQ com uma amostra de pais de crian&#231;as pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e escolares matriculadas em escolas privadas das cidades de S&#227;o Paulo e Campinas&#44; SP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Participantes</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#227;es de crian&#231;as de dois a oito anos matriculadas nas escolas selecionadas foram inclu&#237;das no estudo&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos os question&#225;rios preenchidos por outras pessoas que n&#227;o a m&#227;e da crian&#231;a&#59; aqueles cujas crian&#231;as apresentavam patologias que poderiam influenciar na alimenta&#231;&#227;o e nas pr&#225;ticas maternas&#59; m&#227;es estrangeiras&#59; e question&#225;rios de crian&#231;as pertencentes &#224; mesma fam&#237;lia &#40;nesses casos&#44; apenas o irm&#227;o mais novo foi mantido na amostra&#41;&#46; Para a estimativa do tamanho amostral&#44; adotou&#8208;se probabilidade de erro alfa de &#8804; 0&#44;05 e erro beta de &#8804; 0&#44;20&#46; Tendo a escolaridade materna como vari&#225;vel independente principal para o c&#225;lculo amostral&#44; estimou&#8208;se em 35&#37; a propor&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;es com alta escolaridade que pontuariam com escore alto na escala CFPQ&#44; enquanto que entre as de baixa escolaridade&#44; 45&#37; o fariam&#46; O tamanho amostral estimado para cada grupo de alta e baixa escolaridade materna resultou em 375 sujeitos&#44; totalizou um m&#237;nimo de 750 indiv&#237;duos&#46; Com a adi&#231;&#227;o de 10&#37; para compensar eventuais perdas ou negativas de participa&#231;&#227;o&#44; foram consideradas inicialmente 825 m&#227;es&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedimentos</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As participantes foram recrutadas em escolas privadas das cidades de S&#227;o Paulo e Campinas&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#46; Aceitaram o convite para participar do estudo 14 das 46 escolas contatadas&#46; Mais detalhes sobre os procedimentos foram descritos em outras refer&#234;ncias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Medidas</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticas e antropom&#233;tricas foram relatadas pela m&#227;e&#46; A ingest&#227;o de alimentos ultraprocessados foi avaliada por meio de um Question&#225;rio de Frequ&#234;ncia Alimentar &#40;QFA&#41;&#44; especialmente desenvolvido para o projeto inicial e testado previamente em um estudo&#8208;piloto&#46; O question&#225;rio incluiu alimentos com base na sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a obesidade e sua alta frequ&#234;ncia de ingest&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Os alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;suco artificial&#44; cereais matinais&#44; achocolatado&#44; biscoitos&#47;bolos com e sem recheio&#44; sobremesas l&#225;cteas&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fast&#8208;food</span>&#44; sorvetes&#44; macarr&#227;o instant&#226;neo&#44; embutidos&#44; refrigerantes&#44; guloseimas e salgadinhos de pacote&#41; foram somados e&#44; ent&#227;o&#44; feitas a m&#233;dia e a dicotomiza&#231;&#227;o da vari&#225;vel de acordo com sua distribui&#231;&#227;o&#46; Consideramos como risco m&#227;es de crian&#231;as que consumiram alimentos ultraprocessados pelo menos uma a duas vezes na semana e n&#227;o risco m&#227;es de crian&#231;as que relataram o n&#227;o consumo desses alimentos&#46; O estado nutricional da crian&#231;a foi calculado com o valor de escore&#8208;z de &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal &#40;IMC&#41; para a idade e sua classifica&#231;&#227;o foi feita com base nas curvas de crescimento da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de &#40;OMS&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> Os pontos de corte partiram das categorias e consideraram o peso e a altura autorrelatados pelas m&#227;es &#40;para crian&#231;as &#60; 5 anos&#58; &#8220;magreza acentuada&#8221; foi definida como escore&#8208;z &#60; &#8208;3&#59; &#8220;magreza&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;3 e &#60; &#8208;2&#59; &#8220;eutrofia&#8221;&#44; como escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;2 e &#60; &#43;1&#59; &#8220;risco para sobrepeso&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43; 1 e &#60; &#43;2&#59; &#8220;sobrepeso&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43; 2 e &#60; &#43;3&#59; e &#8220;obesidade&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;3&#46; Para crian&#231;as &#8805; 5 anos&#58; &#8220;magreza acentuada&#8221; foi definida como escore&#8208;z &#60; &#8208;3&#59; &#8220;magreza&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;3 e &#60; &#8208;2&#59; &#8220;eutrofia&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;2 e &#60; &#43;1&#59; &#8220;sobrepeso&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;1 e &#60; &#43;2&#59; &#8220;obesidade&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;2 e &#60; &#43;3&#59; e &#8220;obesidade grave&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;3&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As quest&#245;es relacionadas com a responsabilidade materna sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil e a preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso da crian&#231;a foram derivadas do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Child Feeding Questionnaire&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> A pr&#225;tica materna de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; foi medida com a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CFPQ&#44; por meio de sete quest&#245;es&#46; O processo de adapta&#231;&#227;o transcultural e valida&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio foi descrito em trabalhos anteriores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primeiramente&#44; foram feitas an&#225;lises descritivas&#44; a fim de conhecer a distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis e identificar o ponto de corte apropriado para dicotomiza&#231;&#227;o&#46; Para a pr&#225;tica alimentar de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221;&#44; considerada a vari&#225;vel dependente&#44; transformamos as pontua&#231;&#245;es para uma escala de 0 a 100&#46; A dicotomiza&#231;&#227;o da pontua&#231;&#227;o considerou a mediana&#59; as pontua&#231;&#245;es &#62; &#8208; 50 foram consideradas &#8220;risco&#8221;&#46; Fizemos an&#225;lises univariadas entre a &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; e as vari&#225;veis independentes &#40;fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticos e antropom&#233;tricos&#41;&#46; Foi considerado o valor de p &#8804; 0&#44;20 nas an&#225;lises univariadas para inclus&#227;o das vari&#225;veis independentes no modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla&#46; A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica no modelo final foi definida como p &#8804; 0&#44;05&#46; O modelo foi ajustado para o IMC da m&#227;e e idade da crian&#231;a&#44; como vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas&#44; e para o sexo da crian&#231;a&#46; Todas as an&#225;lises foram feitas com o pacote estat&#237;stico Stata &#40;Stata Statistical Software&#58; Release 14&#46; College Station&#44; TX&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Aspectos &#233;ticos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo&#46; Todas as participantes do projeto original assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram respondidos 1&#46;178 question&#225;rios&#44; dos quais 251 foram considerados como perdas devido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de resposta nos itens referentes ao dom&#237;nio &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso&#8221; no CFPQ e aqueles muito incompletos&#46; Mais detalhes sobre exclus&#245;es e perdas s&#227;o descritos em outros estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados da <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> mostram a distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas do CFPQ referentes &#224; pr&#225;tica de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso&#8221; na amostra total do estudo&#46; S&#227;o sete os itens que comp&#245;em o dom&#237;nio e&#44; de acordo com a m&#233;dia das respostas&#44; 74&#37; das m&#227;es relataram discordar em algum n&#237;vel das afirma&#231;&#245;es relativas &#224; pr&#225;tica restritiva e nenhuma relatou concordar totalmente com todas as afirma&#231;&#245;es do dom&#237;nio&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise das caracter&#237;sticas maternas revelou alto grau de escolaridade entre a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#44; menos de um quarto das m&#227;es relatou n&#237;vel superior incompleto &#40;11&#44;43&#37;&#41; e mais da metade &#40;57&#44;29&#37;&#41; informou renda mensal acima de 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos&#46; Segundo o c&#225;lculo do IMC&#44; cerca de um ter&#231;o das m&#227;es apresentou excesso de peso &#40;29&#44;26&#37;&#41;&#44; diferentemente dos pais em que esse mesmo dado chegou a representar tr&#234;s quartos da amostra &#40;69&#44;56&#37;&#41;&#46; Preponderantemente&#44; nove em cada dez participantes relataram que em todas as refei&#231;&#245;es da crian&#231;a havia pelo menos um dos respons&#225;veis presente &#40;90&#44;37&#37;&#41;&#46; Considerando as caracter&#237;sticas infantis&#44; a amostra foi bem distribu&#237;da quanto ao sexo &#40;49&#44;08&#37; de meninas&#41; e quase metade das crian&#231;as &#40;49&#44;03&#37;&#41; relatou consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados nos sete dias anteriores &#224; coleta da pesquisa&#46; Por fim&#44; embora 30&#37; das crian&#231;as tenham sido classificadas com peso excessivo&#44; apenas 6&#37; das m&#227;es as perceberam como um pouco gorda&#47;gorda &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> mostra os dados referentes &#224; an&#225;lise univariada e &#224; regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla entre a &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; e demais caracter&#237;sticas paternas e da crian&#231;a&#46; Diversas vari&#225;veis eleg&#237;veis &#40;p &#8804; 0&#44;20&#41; na an&#225;lise univariada foram inseridas no modelo de regress&#227;o m&#250;ltiplo e&#44; ap&#243;s controlar para sexo e idade da crian&#231;a e IMC da m&#227;e&#44; a restri&#231;&#227;o materna foi independentemente associada com a percep&#231;&#227;o de que o filho est&#225; um pouco gordo&#47;gordo&#47;muito gordo &#40;OR &#61; 4&#44;61&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a maior preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso infantil &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;61&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; com o sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave da crian&#231;a &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;18&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; e seu consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;40&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar associa&#231;&#245;es da pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso do filho&#8221; com caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticas e antropom&#233;tricas dos pais e das crian&#231;as&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso da restri&#231;&#227;o foi associado com a percep&#231;&#227;o da m&#227;e sobre o excesso de peso do filho&#44; com magnitude de efeito de quase cinco &#40;OR &#61; 4&#44;61&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Em concord&#226;ncia com nossos resultados&#44; Francis et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> constataram que a percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o estado nutricional do filho contribuiu significativamente para o maior uso de pr&#225;ticas alimentares restritivas&#46; Esses dados podem refletir um processo pelo qual a m&#227;e deseja que seu filho seja mais magro&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> estimulada pela percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional da crian&#231;a&#44; que pode ou n&#227;o corresponder ao IMC real&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversas pesquisas que abordaram a percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o estado nutricional da crian&#231;a tiveram como objetivo investigar a subestima&#231;&#227;o ou superestima&#231;&#227;o do peso dos filhos por parte das m&#227;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;24</span></a> Esses pesquisadores constataram que a maioria n&#227;o consegue perceber com precis&#227;o o peso das crian&#231;as com sobrepeso&#46; Ao considerarmos que a percep&#231;&#227;o &#233; um dado subjetivo&#44; podemos ent&#227;o ponderar que para a pr&#225;tica alimentar materna possivelmente importe menos o peso real de seu filho e muito mais a maneira como ela o percebe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma suposi&#231;&#227;o comum no tema da obesidade infantil &#233; que a percep&#231;&#227;o materna de que seu filho est&#225; acima do peso &#233; determinante para a interven&#231;&#227;o e os esfor&#231;os no controle do desvio alimentar e nutricional&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;25</span></a> &#201; recomend&#225;vel&#44; portanto&#44; que as m&#227;es sejam informadas sobre o estado nutricional dos seus filhos e sensibilizadas quanto aos riscos associados &#224; sa&#250;de&#46; No entanto&#44; &#233; importante reconhecer que essa informa&#231;&#227;o isoladamente pode ter um impacto negativo nas a&#231;&#245;es maternas&#44; como &#233; o caso das pr&#225;ticas alimentares restritivas&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com nossa hip&#243;tese&#44; nesta amostra&#44; a pr&#225;tica de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; foi relatada por m&#227;es preocupadas com o excesso de peso do seu filho&#44; com um risco aumentado de 2&#44;6 vezes &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;61&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; assim como constatado em pesquisas anteriores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;26</span></a> As m&#227;es podem estar principalmente preocupadas com as consequ&#234;ncias futuras em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de e ao estigma social caso a crian&#231;a venha a enfrentar o excesso de peso e isso ocorre independentemente da real condi&#231;&#227;o nutricional do filho&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francis et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> constataram que a preocupa&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma influ&#234;ncia adicional e importante sobre as pr&#225;ticas alimentares restritivas tamb&#233;m presentes em m&#227;es com sobrepeso&#44; o que pode ser&#44; em parte&#44; devido ao seu pr&#243;prio peso elevado e &#224; apreens&#227;o de que o filho venha a enfrentar um problema semelhante&#46; Nesta amostra&#44; embora tenhamos observado maior frequ&#234;ncia da restri&#231;&#227;o em m&#227;es sobrepeso e obesas&#44; na an&#225;lise univariada &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;3&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;070&#41; tal associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o apresentou signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica para ser inclu&#237;da como risco independente no modelo log&#237;stico m&#250;ltiplo&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Devemos considerar que a percep&#231;&#227;o materna e a preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o excesso de peso do filho s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para os estudos sobre o tratamento da obesidade&#44; mas essa constata&#231;&#227;o sugere tamb&#233;m um paradoxo&#46; Algum n&#237;vel de preocupa&#231;&#227;o &#233; necess&#225;rio para que os pais reflitam e mudem seus comportamentos em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; alimenta&#231;&#227;o dos filhos&#44; no entanto uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o excessiva pode levar a pr&#225;ticas prejudiciais&#44; como a restri&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> O controle excessivo por parte dos pais pode interromper a capacidade infantil da autorregula&#231;&#227;o do apetite e refor&#231;ar comportamentos alimentares inadequados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">H&#225; algumas evid&#234;ncias de que altos n&#237;veis de controle alimentar por parte da m&#227;e est&#227;o associados com o excesso de peso infantil e com o aumento da ingest&#227;o de alimentos tidos como palat&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;27</span></a> Conforme esperado&#44; os resultados desta pesquisa tamb&#233;m indicam que o estado nutricional das crian&#231;as &#40;sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave&#41; pode influenciar o uso da restri&#231;&#227;o pelas m&#227;es &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;18&#44; p &#8804; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; dado esse consistente com outras an&#225;lises sobre a regula&#231;&#227;o da ingest&#227;o alimentar em crian&#231;as pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#44; em que n&#237;veis mais elevados de pr&#225;ticas restritivas estavam associados a maior adiposidade infantil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Ao descrever um modelo de propens&#227;o &#224; obesidade em crian&#231;as&#44; Costanzo &#38; Woody<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> sugeriram que os pais acabam por impor maior controle sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o ao observar a crian&#231;a em risco para desenvolver dist&#250;rbios nutricionais&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; assim como nos estudos transversais anteriores&#44; n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel inferir a dire&#231;&#227;o da associa&#231;&#227;o encontrada&#44; ou seja&#44; se a pr&#225;tica alimentar de restri&#231;&#227;o resulta em menor ou maior ganho de peso&#44; se &#233; reativa ao estado nutricional da crian&#231;a ou se h&#225; outros fatores que sustentem essas rela&#231;&#245;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nossos resultados&#44; o uso de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; tamb&#233;m esteve relacionado com o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;40&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46; V&#225;rios estudos indicaram que a restri&#231;&#227;o pode aumentar as prefer&#234;ncias das crian&#231;as pelos alimentos restringidos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;21&#44;27</span></a> prejudicar a autorregula&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;26</span></a> e aumentar a ingest&#227;o alimentar infantil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> principalmente no que se refere a alimentos palat&#225;veis&#44; como aqueles ricos em gordura e a&#231;&#250;car&#44; que podem vir a ocasionar ganho de peso excessivo&#46; A pr&#225;tica pode ainda potencializar a aten&#231;&#227;o das crian&#231;as em rela&#231;&#227;o a esses alimentos&#44; aumentar seu desejo de consumi&#8208;los&#44; o que evidencia que o uso da restri&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se mostra como uma op&#231;&#227;o adequada para a modera&#231;&#227;o no consumo e pode ainda ter o feito contr&#225;rio de estimular a ingest&#227;o de alimentos que devem ser evitados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;27</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nosso estudo apresentou algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Primeiramente&#44; apontamos que a amostra em quest&#227;o foi bastante homog&#234;nea&#44; o n&#237;vel de escolaridade e a renda familiar foram relativamente altos&#44; o que limita a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos achados para toda a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46; Desse modo&#44; as compara&#231;&#245;es com outras popula&#231;&#245;es com menores rendas e n&#237;veis de escolaridade devem ser feitas com cautela&#46; A natureza de autorrelato das medidas antropom&#233;tricas&#44; diet&#233;ticas e comportamentais &#233; uma limita&#231;&#227;o presente na maioria das pesquisas em escolas sobre comportamento materno&#46; Isso porque podem ser respondidas de forma a corresponder ao percebido como socialmente desej&#225;vel ou ainda estarem sujeitas aos vieses da percep&#231;&#227;o e da capacidade recordat&#243;ria das m&#227;es&#46; Vale ressaltar&#44; no entanto&#44; que para estudar processos subjetivos que levam &#224;s pr&#225;ticas alimentares maternas&#44; a investiga&#231;&#227;o das percep&#231;&#245;es &#233; indispens&#225;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> O QFA usado n&#227;o foi validado anteriormente&#44; o que dificulta compara&#231;&#227;o com outros estudos&#46; Contudo&#44; foi necess&#225;rio seu desenvolvimento&#44; uma vez que n&#227;o havia dispon&#237;vel um instrumento breve e espec&#237;fico para a faixa et&#225;ria estudada&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso de um question&#225;rio validado para avaliar a pr&#225;tica alimentar de restri&#231;&#227;o em uma amostra significativamente grande &#233; um dos pontos fortes deste trabalho&#44; assim como a originalidade da abordagem do tema na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46; Embora existam poucos estudos sobre as pr&#225;ticas alimentares parentais no Brasil&#44; tais pesquisas s&#227;o de extrema relev&#226;ncia&#44; especialmente em um pa&#237;s em que as taxas de obesidade infantil t&#234;m crescido assustadoramente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para concluir&#44; neste estudo a percep&#231;&#227;o da m&#227;e de que seu filho est&#225; um pouco gordo&#47;gordo&#47;muito gordo&#44; a preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o excesso de peso infantil&#44; o excesso de peso da crian&#231;a e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foram caracter&#237;sticas preditoras para o uso da pr&#225;tica alimentar materna para controle de peso do filho&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A restri&#231;&#227;o pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o adotada pelas m&#227;es como um m&#233;todo simples para promover h&#225;bitos alimentares saud&#225;veis e controlar o peso do filho&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; pode acarretar preju&#237;zos para sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e emocional da crian&#231;a e n&#227;o deve ser encorajada pelos profissionais que visem ao tratamento da obesidade&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; importante considerar que a restri&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma estrat&#233;gia de controle e imposi&#231;&#227;o sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil baseada em objetivos e desejos maternos que n&#227;o levam em considera&#231;&#227;o as necessidades da crian&#231;a&#46; Ao ser exposta a esse tipo de estrat&#233;gia&#44; a crian&#231;a pode interpretar a atitude da m&#227;e de maneira confusa&#46; Por um lado&#44; atribuir &#224;s op&#231;&#245;es proibidas uma conota&#231;&#227;o negativa e prejudicial&#44; por outro compreender que tais alimentos altamente palat&#225;veis&#44; embora proibidos&#44; s&#227;o extremamente desej&#225;veis&#46; Dessa forma&#44; quando exposta a esses alimentos&#44; haver&#225; um maior risco de que os consuma em grandes quantidades mesmo na aus&#234;ncia de fome&#46; Recomenda&#8208;se&#44; portanto&#44; que a crian&#231;a possa aprender&#44; em seu ambiente familiar&#44; a consumir todos os tipos de alimentos com modera&#231;&#227;o e que se crie um conhecimento cr&#237;tico que lhe possibilite tomar decis&#245;es sobre a frequ&#234;ncia e quantidade adequadas para seu consumo&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apoiados por essas informa&#231;&#245;es&#44; os programas de interven&#231;&#227;o devem ser planejados de maneira a auxiliar na sensibiliza&#231;&#227;o dos pais para que percebam corretamente o estado nutricional dos seus filhos&#44; por&#233;m de maneira sempre cuidadosa para que n&#227;o motive a&#231;&#245;es prejudiciais&#44; mas busquem envolver orienta&#231;&#245;es que incluam proporcionar um ambiente flex&#237;vel em que as crian&#231;as sejam incentivadas a ter participa&#231;&#227;o e a tomar decis&#245;es sobre sua pr&#243;pria alimenta&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Child"
            2 => "Body weight"
            3 => "Feeding behavior"
            4 => "Maternal behavior"
            5 => "Feeding practices"
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            0 => "Obesidade"
            1 => "Crian&#231;a"
            2 => "Peso corporal"
            3 => "Comportamento alimentar"
            4 => "Comportamento materno"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify associations between maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and sociodemographic&#44; behavioral&#44; dietetic&#44; and anthropometric characteristics&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross&#8208;sectional study with mothers of children aged 2&#8211;8 years&#46; Maternal feeding practices were measured by the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire&#44; in private schools in Brazil&#46; Bivariate and multivariate associations were performed&#44; using nonparametric analyses to estimate odds ratios and significance levels&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Maternal restrictive feeding practices for weight control were independently associated with the mother&#39;s perception of her child being a little overweight&#47;overweight&#47;obese &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;61&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; greater concern about the child&#39;s overweight &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;61&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; child&#39;s overweight&#47;obesity&#47;severe obesity &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> 2&#46;18&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and the child&#39;s greater intake of ultra&#8208;processed foods &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;026&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; the risk variables identified for the use of the maternal restrictive feeding practices to control the child&#39;s weight can be used to provide education and guidance interventions in health and education networks directed to groups with similar characteristics to those of the studied population&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar associa&#231;&#245;es da pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso do filho com caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticas e antropom&#233;tricas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal com m&#227;es de crian&#231;as de dois a oito anos&#46; Pr&#225;ticas maternas foram mensuradas por meio do instrumento <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire</span>&#44; em escolas privadas no Brasil&#46; Para testar associa&#231;&#245;es univariadas e m&#250;ltiplas&#44; foram feitos testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos para c&#225;lculo de raz&#245;es de chance &#40;OR&#41; e n&#237;veis de signific&#226;ncia &#40;valor de p&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A restri&#231;&#227;o materna para controle do peso da crian&#231;a foi independentemente associada com a percep&#231;&#227;o de que seu filho est&#225; um pouco gordo&#47;gordo&#47;muito gordo &#40;OR &#61; 4&#44;61&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso infantil &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;61&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; e em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas da crian&#231;a&#44; com o sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;18&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;40&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo as vari&#225;veis de risco identificadas para o uso da pr&#225;tica materna de restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso do filho podem ser usadas para direcionar a&#231;&#245;es de educa&#231;&#227;o e orienta&#231;&#227;o nas redes de sa&#250;de e ensino&#44; dirigidas a grupo com caracter&#237;sticas similares &#224;s da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Como citar este artigo&#58; Freitas FR&#44; Moraes DE&#44; Warkentin S&#44; Mais LA&#44; Ivers JF&#44; Taddei JA&#46; Maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and associated characteristics&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;203&#8211;10&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Estudo vinculado &#224; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#40;Unifesp&#41;&#44; Departamento de Pediatria&#44; Disciplina de Nutrologia&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Perguntas do CFPQ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Escore Escala Likert n &#40;&#37;&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Discordo totalmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Discordo parcialmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o concordo nem discordo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concordo parcialmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concordo totalmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Eu incentivo meu filho a comer menos para que ele n&#227;o fique gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">377 &#40;40&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138 &#40;14&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">146 &#40;15&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">173 &#40;18&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93 &#40;10&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Nas refei&#231;&#245;es&#44; eu dou ao meu filho pequenas por&#231;&#245;es para controlar seu peso&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">457 &#40;49&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">164 &#40;17&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">121 &#40;13&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">139 &#40;14&#44;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;4&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Em uma refei&#231;&#227;o&#44; se meu filho come mais do que o normal&#44; eu tento restringir sua alimenta&#231;&#227;o na pr&#243;xima refei&#231;&#227;o&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">520 &#40;56&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">146 &#40;15&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93 &#40;10&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">122 &#40;13&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;4&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Eu restrinjo os alimentos que meu filho come que podem deix&#225;&#8208;lo gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">238 &#40;25&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">127 &#40;13&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">102 &#40;11&#44;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">287 &#40;30&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">173 &#40;18&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Existem certos alimentos que meu filho n&#227;o deve comer porque o far&#227;o ficar gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">320 &#40;34&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">141 &#40;15&#44;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">115 &#40;12&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">237 &#40;25&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">114 &#40;12&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Eu n&#227;o permito que meu filho coma entre as refei&#231;&#245;es porque eu n&#227;o quero que ele fique gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">475 &#40;51&#44;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">193 &#40;20&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117 &#40;12&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110 &#40;11&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;3&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Frequentemente eu coloco meu filho em uma dieta para controlar seu peso&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">753 &#40;81&#44;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56 &#40;6&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63 &#40;6&#44;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47 &#40;5&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;0&#44;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">M&#233;dia das respostas &#224;s 7 quest&#245;es do dom&#237;nio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">407 &#40;43&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">279 &#40;30&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">196 &#40;21&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;4&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas do CFPQ referentes ao dom&#237;nio de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso&#8221; em uma amostra de m&#227;es de crian&#231;as pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e escolares matriculadas em escolas particulares de S&#227;o Paulo e Campinas&#44; SP&#44; Brasil &#40;n &#61; 927&#41;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados em negrito representam a categoria de risco para cada vari&#225;vel&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IMC&#44; &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Categorias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas dos pais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade da m&#227;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#62; 38 anos</span><br>&#8804; 38 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">414 &#40;44&#44;85&#41;</span><br>509 &#40;55&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade do pai&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#62; 40 anos</span><br>&#8804; 40 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">409 &#40;45&#44;75&#41;</span><br>485 &#40;54&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional da m&#227;e &#40;IMC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Obesidade</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sobrepeso</span><br>Eutrofia<br>Baixo peso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">51 &#40;5&#44;57&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">217 &#40;23&#44;69&#41;</span><br>628 &#40;68&#44;56&#41;<br>20 &#40;2&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional do pai &#40;IMC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Obesidade</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sobrepeso</span><br>Eutrofia<br>Baixo peso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">140 &#40;15&#44;96&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">470 &#40;53&#44;59&#41;</span><br>265 &#40;30&#44;22&#41;<br>2 &#40;0&#44;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o materna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; Superior completo</span><br>Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">106 &#40;11&#44;43&#41;</span><br>821 &#40;88&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o paterna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; Superior completo</span><br>Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">169 &#40;18&#44;49&#41;</span><br>475 &#40;81&#44;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renda familiar &#40;por m&#234;s&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8804; 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</span><br>&#62; 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">372 &#40;42&#44;71&#41;</span><br>499 &#40;57&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presen&#231;a dos pais durante as refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Presente em todas as refei&#231;&#245;es</span><br>Ausente em uma das refei&#231;&#245;es principais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">835 &#40;90&#44;37&#41;</span><br>89 &#40;9&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Gorda</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Um pouco gorda</span><br>Normal<br>Um pouco magra<br>Muito magra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5 &#40;0&#44;54&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">52 &#40;5&#44;63&#41;</span><br>684 &#40;74&#44;03&#41;<br>156 &#40;16&#44;88&#41;<br>27 &#40;2&#44;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frequ&#234;ncia com que se sentem respons&#225;veis pela alimenta&#231;&#227;o da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sempre</span><br>Muitas vezes &#47;&#192;s vezes&#47;Raramente&#47;Nunca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">467 &#40;50&#44;71&#41;</span><br>454 &#40;49&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Muito preocupado&#47;Razoavelmente preocupado&#47; Preocupado</span><br>Um pouco preocupado&#47;Despreocupado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">476 &#40;51&#44;97&#41;</span><br>440 &#40;48&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas da crian&#231;a</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Faixa et&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8805; 5 anos</span><br>&#60; 5 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">542 &#40;58&#44;47&#41;</span><br>385 &#40;41&#44;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Feminino</span><br>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">455 &#40;49&#44;08&#41;</span><br>472 &#40;50&#44;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional &#40;escore&#8208;z IMC&#47;idade&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Obesidade</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#47;Obesidade grave</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sobrepeso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#47; Obesidade</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Risco para sobrepeso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#47; Sobrepeso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br>Eutrofia<br>Magreza<br>Magreza acentuada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 &#40;2&#44;36&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">73 &#40;8&#44;22&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">177 &#40;19&#44;93&#41;</span><br>587 &#40;66&#44;10&#41;<br>17 &#40;1&#44;91&#41;<br>13 &#40;1&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quantidade de horas por dia na televis&#227;o e eletr&#244;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#62; 2 horas de uso em ambos</span><br>&#8804; 2 horas de uso em ambos ou em pelo menos um&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">382 &#40;41&#44;21&#41;</span><br>545 &#40;58&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TV e eletr&#244;nicos ligados durante a maioria das refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sim</span><br>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">317 &#40;34&#44;42&#41;</span><br>604 &#40;65&#44;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Consumo</span><br>Sem consumo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">431 &#40;49&#44;03&#41;</span><br>448 &#40;50&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC 95&#37;&#44; intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#59; IMC&#44; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#59; OR&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span>&#59; p&#44; valor de p&#59; Sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo em 2014&#44; R&#36; 724&#44;00&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados em negrito s&#227;o significativos &#40;na an&#225;lise univariada p &#8804; 0&#44;20 e na m&#250;ltipla p &#8804; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Categoria de risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">An&#225;lise univariada</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">An&#225;lise m&#250;ltipla<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> n &#61; 835</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC &#40;95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC &#40;95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas dos pais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade da m&#227;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 38 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;045 &#8208; 1&#44;760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;022</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade do pai&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 40 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;046 &#8208; 1&#44;775&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;022</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC da m&#227;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44; 978 &#8208; 1&#44;723&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;070</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC do pai&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;793 &#8208; 1&#44;412&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;701&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o materna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;212 &#8208; 2&#44;532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;012</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o paterna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;837 &#8208; 1&#44;631&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;361&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renda familiar &#40;por m&#234;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8804; 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;809 &#8208; 1&#44;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;679&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presen&#231;a dos pais durante as refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Presente em todas as refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;529 &#8208; 1&#44;261&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;363&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Um pouco gorda&#47;gorda&#47;muito gorda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;869 &#8208; 25&#44;766&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;848 &#8208; 11&#44;524&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percep&#231;&#227;o do grau de atividade da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pouco ativa&#47;sedent&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;984 &#8208; 9&#44;072&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;054</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frequ&#234;ncia com que se sentem respons&#225;veis por alimentar a crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sempre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44; 726&#8208; 1&#44;219&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;644&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito preocupado&#47;razoavelmente preocupado&#47;preocupado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;166 &#8208; 3&#44;714&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;938 &#8208; 3&#44;511&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas da crian&#231;a</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Faixa et&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 5 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;107 &#8208; 1&#44;876&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;006</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;925 &#8208; 1&#44;552&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;170</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Excesso de peso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;030 &#8208; 3&#44;653&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;562 &#8208; 3&#44;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quantidade de horas por dia na televis&#227;o e eletr&#244;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 2 horas de uso em ambos ou em pelo menos um&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;743 &#8208; 1&#44;255&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;793&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TV e eletr&#244;nicos durante a maioria das refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;631 &#8208; 1&#44;091&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;182</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Consumo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;989 &#8208; 1&#44;683&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;060</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;041 &#8208; 1&#44;886&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;026</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Modelo ajustado para sexo e idade da crian&#231;a &#40;vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua&#41; e IMC da m&#227;e &#40;vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua&#41;&#46;</p>"
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Escore&#8208;z de IMC&#47;idade para crian&#231;as &#60; 5 anos&#58; risco para sobrepeso&#47;sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#46; Escore&#8208;z de IMC&#47;idade para crian&#231;as &#8805; 5 anos&#58; sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise univariada e regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla entre a pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de restri&#231;&#227;o medida pelo CFPQ e caracter&#237;sticas dos pais e da crian&#231;a</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                      "titulo" => "The role of food parenting skills and the home food environment in children&#39;s weight gain and obesity"
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                            1 => "D&#46;S&#46; Ward"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "D&#46; Musher-Eizenman"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1093/jpepsy/jsm037"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Francis"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1006/appe.2001.0427"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Associations between parental concerns about preschoolers&#8217; weight and eating and parental feeding practices&#58; results from analyses of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire&#44; the Child Feeding Questionnaire&#44; and the Lifestyle Behavior Checklist"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Ek"
                            1 => "K&#46; Sorjonen"
                            2 => "K&#46; Eli"
                            3 => "L&#46; Lindberg"
                            4 => "J&#46; Nyman"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0147257"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Parental feeding practices and child weight status in Mexican American families&#58; a longitudinal analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Tschann"
                            1 => "S&#46;M&#46; Martinez"
                            2 => "C&#46; Penilla"
                            3 => "S&#46;E&#46; Gregorich"
                            4 => "L&#46;A&#46; Pasch"
                            5 => "C&#46;L&#46; de Groat"
                          ]
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12966-015-0224-2"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"
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                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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Artigo Original
Maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and associated characteristics
Prática alimentar materna de restrição para controle de peso do filho e características associadas
Fabrícia R. Freitasa,
Autor para correspondência
bri.freitas@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Denise E.B. Moraesa, Sarah Warkentina, Laís A. Maisa, Júlia F. Iversa, José Augusto A.C. Taddeib
a Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
b Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Departamento de Pediatria, Disciplina de Nutrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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            "entidad" => "Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#40;Unifesp&#41;&#44; Departamento de Pediatria&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil"
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            "entidad" => "Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#40;Unifesp&#41;&#44; Departamento de Pediatria&#44; Disciplina de Nutrologia&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil"
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    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso do filho e caracter&#237;sticas associadas"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Discuss&#245;es referentes &#224; obesidade s&#227;o amplamente divulgadas na literatura mundial&#46; O grande investimento nos estudos relaciona&#8208;se ao fato de a obesidade ser considerada uma epidemia que atinge todas as faixas et&#225;rias da popula&#231;&#227;o e tamb&#233;m ao desafio enfrentado pelos pesquisadores por se tratar de uma doen&#231;a consequente a causas multifatoriais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma &#225;rea de pesquisa espec&#237;fica concentra&#8208;se na implica&#231;&#227;o do papel dos pais no desenvolvimento da obesidade infantil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> e fornece amplas evid&#234;ncias a respeito da import&#226;ncia das estrat&#233;gias alimentares parentais sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o da crian&#231;a&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s pr&#225;ticas parentais de controle&#44; a restri&#231;&#227;o alimentar &#233; a mais abordada na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A restri&#231;&#227;o envolve um tipo de limite imposto pelos pais aos filhos relacionado &#224; disponibilidade e quantidade dos alimentos em geral altamente palat&#225;veis e n&#227;o saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Considerando a motiva&#231;&#227;o para o uso dessa pr&#225;tica&#44; os pais podem ser mobilizados principalmente pelo desejo de melhorar a sa&#250;de da crian&#231;a ou adequar o seu peso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A escolha parental pelo uso de pr&#225;ticas restritivas pode ser influenciada por fatores como percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o peso do filho&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> resposta ao excesso de peso infantil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> e preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o peso da crian&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar de os pais usarem a restri&#231;&#227;o como m&#233;todo de controle da alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil&#44; tal pr&#225;tica pode ter efeitos contraproducentes&#44; uma vez que interfere nos sinais internos de fome e saciedade e na autorregula&#231;&#227;o do apetite da crian&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Nesse cen&#225;rio&#44; alguns estudos constataram que pr&#225;ticas parentais restritivas estavam associadas com o comportamento das crian&#231;as de &#8220;comer na aus&#234;ncia de fome&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> e que&#44; quando expostas &#224;s op&#231;&#245;es do que lhes &#233; restrito&#44; passam a apresentar maior prefer&#234;ncia por esses alimentos e os ingerem em excesso&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12</span></a> Por fim&#44; grande parte das investiga&#231;&#245;es sobre o tema constatou que a restri&#231;&#227;o parental est&#225; relacionada com o excesso de peso infantil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8&#44;12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dadas as implica&#231;&#245;es negativas relacionadas com a pr&#225;tica restritiva&#44; desenvolver estudos que possibilitem a compreens&#227;o dos fatores associados com tal atitude dos pais pode ser um caminho que viabilize a identifica&#231;&#227;o de situa&#231;&#245;es de risco para a sa&#250;de nutricional e emocional da crian&#231;a&#44; bem como para a preven&#231;&#227;o de tratamentos dos problemas consequentes a essas pr&#225;ticas&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dessa forma&#44; o presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir o uso de restri&#231;&#227;o alimentar materna para controle de peso da crian&#231;a&#44; mensurada por meio do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire</span> &#40;CFPQ&#41;&#44; a partir da investiga&#231;&#227;o das poss&#237;veis associa&#231;&#245;es existentes e das influ&#234;ncias significativas relacionadas &#224; pr&#225;tica&#46; A hip&#243;tese do atual estudo era que a pr&#225;tica de restri&#231;&#227;o estaria associada principalmente &#224; preocupa&#231;&#227;o materna com o excesso de peso infantil&#44; &#224; percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional do filho e ao estado nutricional dos pais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo usou dados do Estudo de Pr&#225;ticas Alimentares&#44; uma pesquisa transversal que teve por objetivo adaptar e validar o CFPQ com uma amostra de pais de crian&#231;as pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e escolares matriculadas em escolas privadas das cidades de S&#227;o Paulo e Campinas&#44; SP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Participantes</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#227;es de crian&#231;as de dois a oito anos matriculadas nas escolas selecionadas foram inclu&#237;das no estudo&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos os question&#225;rios preenchidos por outras pessoas que n&#227;o a m&#227;e da crian&#231;a&#59; aqueles cujas crian&#231;as apresentavam patologias que poderiam influenciar na alimenta&#231;&#227;o e nas pr&#225;ticas maternas&#59; m&#227;es estrangeiras&#59; e question&#225;rios de crian&#231;as pertencentes &#224; mesma fam&#237;lia &#40;nesses casos&#44; apenas o irm&#227;o mais novo foi mantido na amostra&#41;&#46; Para a estimativa do tamanho amostral&#44; adotou&#8208;se probabilidade de erro alfa de &#8804; 0&#44;05 e erro beta de &#8804; 0&#44;20&#46; Tendo a escolaridade materna como vari&#225;vel independente principal para o c&#225;lculo amostral&#44; estimou&#8208;se em 35&#37; a propor&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;es com alta escolaridade que pontuariam com escore alto na escala CFPQ&#44; enquanto que entre as de baixa escolaridade&#44; 45&#37; o fariam&#46; O tamanho amostral estimado para cada grupo de alta e baixa escolaridade materna resultou em 375 sujeitos&#44; totalizou um m&#237;nimo de 750 indiv&#237;duos&#46; Com a adi&#231;&#227;o de 10&#37; para compensar eventuais perdas ou negativas de participa&#231;&#227;o&#44; foram consideradas inicialmente 825 m&#227;es&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedimentos</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As participantes foram recrutadas em escolas privadas das cidades de S&#227;o Paulo e Campinas&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#46; Aceitaram o convite para participar do estudo 14 das 46 escolas contatadas&#46; Mais detalhes sobre os procedimentos foram descritos em outras refer&#234;ncias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Medidas</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticas e antropom&#233;tricas foram relatadas pela m&#227;e&#46; A ingest&#227;o de alimentos ultraprocessados foi avaliada por meio de um Question&#225;rio de Frequ&#234;ncia Alimentar &#40;QFA&#41;&#44; especialmente desenvolvido para o projeto inicial e testado previamente em um estudo&#8208;piloto&#46; O question&#225;rio incluiu alimentos com base na sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a obesidade e sua alta frequ&#234;ncia de ingest&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Os alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;suco artificial&#44; cereais matinais&#44; achocolatado&#44; biscoitos&#47;bolos com e sem recheio&#44; sobremesas l&#225;cteas&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fast&#8208;food</span>&#44; sorvetes&#44; macarr&#227;o instant&#226;neo&#44; embutidos&#44; refrigerantes&#44; guloseimas e salgadinhos de pacote&#41; foram somados e&#44; ent&#227;o&#44; feitas a m&#233;dia e a dicotomiza&#231;&#227;o da vari&#225;vel de acordo com sua distribui&#231;&#227;o&#46; Consideramos como risco m&#227;es de crian&#231;as que consumiram alimentos ultraprocessados pelo menos uma a duas vezes na semana e n&#227;o risco m&#227;es de crian&#231;as que relataram o n&#227;o consumo desses alimentos&#46; O estado nutricional da crian&#231;a foi calculado com o valor de escore&#8208;z de &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal &#40;IMC&#41; para a idade e sua classifica&#231;&#227;o foi feita com base nas curvas de crescimento da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de &#40;OMS&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> Os pontos de corte partiram das categorias e consideraram o peso e a altura autorrelatados pelas m&#227;es &#40;para crian&#231;as &#60; 5 anos&#58; &#8220;magreza acentuada&#8221; foi definida como escore&#8208;z &#60; &#8208;3&#59; &#8220;magreza&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;3 e &#60; &#8208;2&#59; &#8220;eutrofia&#8221;&#44; como escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;2 e &#60; &#43;1&#59; &#8220;risco para sobrepeso&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43; 1 e &#60; &#43;2&#59; &#8220;sobrepeso&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43; 2 e &#60; &#43;3&#59; e &#8220;obesidade&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;3&#46; Para crian&#231;as &#8805; 5 anos&#58; &#8220;magreza acentuada&#8221; foi definida como escore&#8208;z &#60; &#8208;3&#59; &#8220;magreza&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;3 e &#60; &#8208;2&#59; &#8220;eutrofia&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#8208;2 e &#60; &#43;1&#59; &#8220;sobrepeso&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;1 e &#60; &#43;2&#59; &#8220;obesidade&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;2 e &#60; &#43;3&#59; e &#8220;obesidade grave&#8221;&#44; escore&#8208;z &#8805; &#43;3&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As quest&#245;es relacionadas com a responsabilidade materna sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil e a preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso da crian&#231;a foram derivadas do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Child Feeding Questionnaire&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> A pr&#225;tica materna de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; foi medida com a vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do CFPQ&#44; por meio de sete quest&#245;es&#46; O processo de adapta&#231;&#227;o transcultural e valida&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio foi descrito em trabalhos anteriores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primeiramente&#44; foram feitas an&#225;lises descritivas&#44; a fim de conhecer a distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis e identificar o ponto de corte apropriado para dicotomiza&#231;&#227;o&#46; Para a pr&#225;tica alimentar de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221;&#44; considerada a vari&#225;vel dependente&#44; transformamos as pontua&#231;&#245;es para uma escala de 0 a 100&#46; A dicotomiza&#231;&#227;o da pontua&#231;&#227;o considerou a mediana&#59; as pontua&#231;&#245;es &#62; &#8208; 50 foram consideradas &#8220;risco&#8221;&#46; Fizemos an&#225;lises univariadas entre a &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; e as vari&#225;veis independentes &#40;fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticos e antropom&#233;tricos&#41;&#46; Foi considerado o valor de p &#8804; 0&#44;20 nas an&#225;lises univariadas para inclus&#227;o das vari&#225;veis independentes no modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla&#46; A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica no modelo final foi definida como p &#8804; 0&#44;05&#46; O modelo foi ajustado para o IMC da m&#227;e e idade da crian&#231;a&#44; como vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas&#44; e para o sexo da crian&#231;a&#46; Todas as an&#225;lises foram feitas com o pacote estat&#237;stico Stata &#40;Stata Statistical Software&#58; Release 14&#46; College Station&#44; TX&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Aspectos &#233;ticos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo&#46; Todas as participantes do projeto original assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram respondidos 1&#46;178 question&#225;rios&#44; dos quais 251 foram considerados como perdas devido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de resposta nos itens referentes ao dom&#237;nio &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso&#8221; no CFPQ e aqueles muito incompletos&#46; Mais detalhes sobre exclus&#245;es e perdas s&#227;o descritos em outros estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados da <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> mostram a distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas do CFPQ referentes &#224; pr&#225;tica de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso&#8221; na amostra total do estudo&#46; S&#227;o sete os itens que comp&#245;em o dom&#237;nio e&#44; de acordo com a m&#233;dia das respostas&#44; 74&#37; das m&#227;es relataram discordar em algum n&#237;vel das afirma&#231;&#245;es relativas &#224; pr&#225;tica restritiva e nenhuma relatou concordar totalmente com todas as afirma&#231;&#245;es do dom&#237;nio&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise das caracter&#237;sticas maternas revelou alto grau de escolaridade entre a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#44; menos de um quarto das m&#227;es relatou n&#237;vel superior incompleto &#40;11&#44;43&#37;&#41; e mais da metade &#40;57&#44;29&#37;&#41; informou renda mensal acima de 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos&#46; Segundo o c&#225;lculo do IMC&#44; cerca de um ter&#231;o das m&#227;es apresentou excesso de peso &#40;29&#44;26&#37;&#41;&#44; diferentemente dos pais em que esse mesmo dado chegou a representar tr&#234;s quartos da amostra &#40;69&#44;56&#37;&#41;&#46; Preponderantemente&#44; nove em cada dez participantes relataram que em todas as refei&#231;&#245;es da crian&#231;a havia pelo menos um dos respons&#225;veis presente &#40;90&#44;37&#37;&#41;&#46; Considerando as caracter&#237;sticas infantis&#44; a amostra foi bem distribu&#237;da quanto ao sexo &#40;49&#44;08&#37; de meninas&#41; e quase metade das crian&#231;as &#40;49&#44;03&#37;&#41; relatou consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados nos sete dias anteriores &#224; coleta da pesquisa&#46; Por fim&#44; embora 30&#37; das crian&#231;as tenham sido classificadas com peso excessivo&#44; apenas 6&#37; das m&#227;es as perceberam como um pouco gorda&#47;gorda &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> mostra os dados referentes &#224; an&#225;lise univariada e &#224; regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla entre a &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; e demais caracter&#237;sticas paternas e da crian&#231;a&#46; Diversas vari&#225;veis eleg&#237;veis &#40;p &#8804; 0&#44;20&#41; na an&#225;lise univariada foram inseridas no modelo de regress&#227;o m&#250;ltiplo e&#44; ap&#243;s controlar para sexo e idade da crian&#231;a e IMC da m&#227;e&#44; a restri&#231;&#227;o materna foi independentemente associada com a percep&#231;&#227;o de que o filho est&#225; um pouco gordo&#47;gordo&#47;muito gordo &#40;OR &#61; 4&#44;61&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a maior preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso infantil &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;61&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; com o sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave da crian&#231;a &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;18&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; e seu consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;40&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar associa&#231;&#245;es da pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso do filho&#8221; com caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticas e antropom&#233;tricas dos pais e das crian&#231;as&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso da restri&#231;&#227;o foi associado com a percep&#231;&#227;o da m&#227;e sobre o excesso de peso do filho&#44; com magnitude de efeito de quase cinco &#40;OR &#61; 4&#44;61&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Em concord&#226;ncia com nossos resultados&#44; Francis et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> constataram que a percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o estado nutricional do filho contribuiu significativamente para o maior uso de pr&#225;ticas alimentares restritivas&#46; Esses dados podem refletir um processo pelo qual a m&#227;e deseja que seu filho seja mais magro&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> estimulada pela percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional da crian&#231;a&#44; que pode ou n&#227;o corresponder ao IMC real&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversas pesquisas que abordaram a percep&#231;&#227;o sobre o estado nutricional da crian&#231;a tiveram como objetivo investigar a subestima&#231;&#227;o ou superestima&#231;&#227;o do peso dos filhos por parte das m&#227;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;24</span></a> Esses pesquisadores constataram que a maioria n&#227;o consegue perceber com precis&#227;o o peso das crian&#231;as com sobrepeso&#46; Ao considerarmos que a percep&#231;&#227;o &#233; um dado subjetivo&#44; podemos ent&#227;o ponderar que para a pr&#225;tica alimentar materna possivelmente importe menos o peso real de seu filho e muito mais a maneira como ela o percebe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma suposi&#231;&#227;o comum no tema da obesidade infantil &#233; que a percep&#231;&#227;o materna de que seu filho est&#225; acima do peso &#233; determinante para a interven&#231;&#227;o e os esfor&#231;os no controle do desvio alimentar e nutricional&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;25</span></a> &#201; recomend&#225;vel&#44; portanto&#44; que as m&#227;es sejam informadas sobre o estado nutricional dos seus filhos e sensibilizadas quanto aos riscos associados &#224; sa&#250;de&#46; No entanto&#44; &#233; importante reconhecer que essa informa&#231;&#227;o isoladamente pode ter um impacto negativo nas a&#231;&#245;es maternas&#44; como &#233; o caso das pr&#225;ticas alimentares restritivas&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com nossa hip&#243;tese&#44; nesta amostra&#44; a pr&#225;tica de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; foi relatada por m&#227;es preocupadas com o excesso de peso do seu filho&#44; com um risco aumentado de 2&#44;6 vezes &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;61&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; assim como constatado em pesquisas anteriores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;26</span></a> As m&#227;es podem estar principalmente preocupadas com as consequ&#234;ncias futuras em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de e ao estigma social caso a crian&#231;a venha a enfrentar o excesso de peso e isso ocorre independentemente da real condi&#231;&#227;o nutricional do filho&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francis et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> constataram que a preocupa&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma influ&#234;ncia adicional e importante sobre as pr&#225;ticas alimentares restritivas tamb&#233;m presentes em m&#227;es com sobrepeso&#44; o que pode ser&#44; em parte&#44; devido ao seu pr&#243;prio peso elevado e &#224; apreens&#227;o de que o filho venha a enfrentar um problema semelhante&#46; Nesta amostra&#44; embora tenhamos observado maior frequ&#234;ncia da restri&#231;&#227;o em m&#227;es sobrepeso e obesas&#44; na an&#225;lise univariada &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;3&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;070&#41; tal associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o apresentou signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica para ser inclu&#237;da como risco independente no modelo log&#237;stico m&#250;ltiplo&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Devemos considerar que a percep&#231;&#227;o materna e a preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o excesso de peso do filho s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para os estudos sobre o tratamento da obesidade&#44; mas essa constata&#231;&#227;o sugere tamb&#233;m um paradoxo&#46; Algum n&#237;vel de preocupa&#231;&#227;o &#233; necess&#225;rio para que os pais reflitam e mudem seus comportamentos em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; alimenta&#231;&#227;o dos filhos&#44; no entanto uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o excessiva pode levar a pr&#225;ticas prejudiciais&#44; como a restri&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> O controle excessivo por parte dos pais pode interromper a capacidade infantil da autorregula&#231;&#227;o do apetite e refor&#231;ar comportamentos alimentares inadequados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">H&#225; algumas evid&#234;ncias de que altos n&#237;veis de controle alimentar por parte da m&#227;e est&#227;o associados com o excesso de peso infantil e com o aumento da ingest&#227;o de alimentos tidos como palat&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;27</span></a> Conforme esperado&#44; os resultados desta pesquisa tamb&#233;m indicam que o estado nutricional das crian&#231;as &#40;sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave&#41; pode influenciar o uso da restri&#231;&#227;o pelas m&#227;es &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;18&#44; p &#8804; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; dado esse consistente com outras an&#225;lises sobre a regula&#231;&#227;o da ingest&#227;o alimentar em crian&#231;as pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#44; em que n&#237;veis mais elevados de pr&#225;ticas restritivas estavam associados a maior adiposidade infantil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Ao descrever um modelo de propens&#227;o &#224; obesidade em crian&#231;as&#44; Costanzo &#38; Woody<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> sugeriram que os pais acabam por impor maior controle sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o ao observar a crian&#231;a em risco para desenvolver dist&#250;rbios nutricionais&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; assim como nos estudos transversais anteriores&#44; n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel inferir a dire&#231;&#227;o da associa&#231;&#227;o encontrada&#44; ou seja&#44; se a pr&#225;tica alimentar de restri&#231;&#227;o resulta em menor ou maior ganho de peso&#44; se &#233; reativa ao estado nutricional da crian&#231;a ou se h&#225; outros fatores que sustentem essas rela&#231;&#245;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nossos resultados&#44; o uso de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle do peso&#8221; tamb&#233;m esteve relacionado com o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;40&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46; V&#225;rios estudos indicaram que a restri&#231;&#227;o pode aumentar as prefer&#234;ncias das crian&#231;as pelos alimentos restringidos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;21&#44;27</span></a> prejudicar a autorregula&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;26</span></a> e aumentar a ingest&#227;o alimentar infantil&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> principalmente no que se refere a alimentos palat&#225;veis&#44; como aqueles ricos em gordura e a&#231;&#250;car&#44; que podem vir a ocasionar ganho de peso excessivo&#46; A pr&#225;tica pode ainda potencializar a aten&#231;&#227;o das crian&#231;as em rela&#231;&#227;o a esses alimentos&#44; aumentar seu desejo de consumi&#8208;los&#44; o que evidencia que o uso da restri&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se mostra como uma op&#231;&#227;o adequada para a modera&#231;&#227;o no consumo e pode ainda ter o feito contr&#225;rio de estimular a ingest&#227;o de alimentos que devem ser evitados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;27</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nosso estudo apresentou algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Primeiramente&#44; apontamos que a amostra em quest&#227;o foi bastante homog&#234;nea&#44; o n&#237;vel de escolaridade e a renda familiar foram relativamente altos&#44; o que limita a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos achados para toda a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46; Desse modo&#44; as compara&#231;&#245;es com outras popula&#231;&#245;es com menores rendas e n&#237;veis de escolaridade devem ser feitas com cautela&#46; A natureza de autorrelato das medidas antropom&#233;tricas&#44; diet&#233;ticas e comportamentais &#233; uma limita&#231;&#227;o presente na maioria das pesquisas em escolas sobre comportamento materno&#46; Isso porque podem ser respondidas de forma a corresponder ao percebido como socialmente desej&#225;vel ou ainda estarem sujeitas aos vieses da percep&#231;&#227;o e da capacidade recordat&#243;ria das m&#227;es&#46; Vale ressaltar&#44; no entanto&#44; que para estudar processos subjetivos que levam &#224;s pr&#225;ticas alimentares maternas&#44; a investiga&#231;&#227;o das percep&#231;&#245;es &#233; indispens&#225;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> O QFA usado n&#227;o foi validado anteriormente&#44; o que dificulta compara&#231;&#227;o com outros estudos&#46; Contudo&#44; foi necess&#225;rio seu desenvolvimento&#44; uma vez que n&#227;o havia dispon&#237;vel um instrumento breve e espec&#237;fico para a faixa et&#225;ria estudada&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso de um question&#225;rio validado para avaliar a pr&#225;tica alimentar de restri&#231;&#227;o em uma amostra significativamente grande &#233; um dos pontos fortes deste trabalho&#44; assim como a originalidade da abordagem do tema na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira&#46; Embora existam poucos estudos sobre as pr&#225;ticas alimentares parentais no Brasil&#44; tais pesquisas s&#227;o de extrema relev&#226;ncia&#44; especialmente em um pa&#237;s em que as taxas de obesidade infantil t&#234;m crescido assustadoramente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para concluir&#44; neste estudo a percep&#231;&#227;o da m&#227;e de que seu filho est&#225; um pouco gordo&#47;gordo&#47;muito gordo&#44; a preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o excesso de peso infantil&#44; o excesso de peso da crian&#231;a e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foram caracter&#237;sticas preditoras para o uso da pr&#225;tica alimentar materna para controle de peso do filho&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A restri&#231;&#227;o pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o adotada pelas m&#227;es como um m&#233;todo simples para promover h&#225;bitos alimentares saud&#225;veis e controlar o peso do filho&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; pode acarretar preju&#237;zos para sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e emocional da crian&#231;a e n&#227;o deve ser encorajada pelos profissionais que visem ao tratamento da obesidade&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; importante considerar que a restri&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma estrat&#233;gia de controle e imposi&#231;&#227;o sobre a alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil baseada em objetivos e desejos maternos que n&#227;o levam em considera&#231;&#227;o as necessidades da crian&#231;a&#46; Ao ser exposta a esse tipo de estrat&#233;gia&#44; a crian&#231;a pode interpretar a atitude da m&#227;e de maneira confusa&#46; Por um lado&#44; atribuir &#224;s op&#231;&#245;es proibidas uma conota&#231;&#227;o negativa e prejudicial&#44; por outro compreender que tais alimentos altamente palat&#225;veis&#44; embora proibidos&#44; s&#227;o extremamente desej&#225;veis&#46; Dessa forma&#44; quando exposta a esses alimentos&#44; haver&#225; um maior risco de que os consuma em grandes quantidades mesmo na aus&#234;ncia de fome&#46; Recomenda&#8208;se&#44; portanto&#44; que a crian&#231;a possa aprender&#44; em seu ambiente familiar&#44; a consumir todos os tipos de alimentos com modera&#231;&#227;o e que se crie um conhecimento cr&#237;tico que lhe possibilite tomar decis&#245;es sobre a frequ&#234;ncia e quantidade adequadas para seu consumo&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apoiados por essas informa&#231;&#245;es&#44; os programas de interven&#231;&#227;o devem ser planejados de maneira a auxiliar na sensibiliza&#231;&#227;o dos pais para que percebam corretamente o estado nutricional dos seus filhos&#44; por&#233;m de maneira sempre cuidadosa para que n&#227;o motive a&#231;&#245;es prejudiciais&#44; mas busquem envolver orienta&#231;&#245;es que incluam proporcionar um ambiente flex&#237;vel em que as crian&#231;as sejam incentivadas a ter participa&#231;&#227;o e a tomar decis&#245;es sobre sua pr&#243;pria alimenta&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Child"
            2 => "Body weight"
            3 => "Feeding behavior"
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            0 => "Obesidade"
            1 => "Crian&#231;a"
            2 => "Peso corporal"
            3 => "Comportamento alimentar"
            4 => "Comportamento materno"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify associations between maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and sociodemographic&#44; behavioral&#44; dietetic&#44; and anthropometric characteristics&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross&#8208;sectional study with mothers of children aged 2&#8211;8 years&#46; Maternal feeding practices were measured by the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire&#44; in private schools in Brazil&#46; Bivariate and multivariate associations were performed&#44; using nonparametric analyses to estimate odds ratios and significance levels&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Maternal restrictive feeding practices for weight control were independently associated with the mother&#39;s perception of her child being a little overweight&#47;overweight&#47;obese &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;61&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; greater concern about the child&#39;s overweight &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;61&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; child&#39;s overweight&#47;obesity&#47;severe obesity &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> 2&#46;18&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and the child&#39;s greater intake of ultra&#8208;processed foods &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;026&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; the risk variables identified for the use of the maternal restrictive feeding practices to control the child&#39;s weight can be used to provide education and guidance interventions in health and education networks directed to groups with similar characteristics to those of the studied population&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar associa&#231;&#245;es da pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso do filho com caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comportamentais&#44; diet&#233;ticas e antropom&#233;tricas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal com m&#227;es de crian&#231;as de dois a oito anos&#46; Pr&#225;ticas maternas foram mensuradas por meio do instrumento <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire</span>&#44; em escolas privadas no Brasil&#46; Para testar associa&#231;&#245;es univariadas e m&#250;ltiplas&#44; foram feitos testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos para c&#225;lculo de raz&#245;es de chance &#40;OR&#41; e n&#237;veis de signific&#226;ncia &#40;valor de p&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A restri&#231;&#227;o materna para controle do peso da crian&#231;a foi independentemente associada com a percep&#231;&#227;o de que seu filho est&#225; um pouco gordo&#47;gordo&#47;muito gordo &#40;OR &#61; 4&#44;61&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; a preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso infantil &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;61&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; e em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas da crian&#231;a&#44; com o sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave &#40;OR &#61; 2&#44;18&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;40&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo as vari&#225;veis de risco identificadas para o uso da pr&#225;tica materna de restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso do filho podem ser usadas para direcionar a&#231;&#245;es de educa&#231;&#227;o e orienta&#231;&#227;o nas redes de sa&#250;de e ensino&#44; dirigidas a grupo com caracter&#237;sticas similares &#224;s da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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            "identificador" => "abst0035"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Como citar este artigo&#58; Freitas FR&#44; Moraes DE&#44; Warkentin S&#44; Mais LA&#44; Ivers JF&#44; Taddei JA&#46; Maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and associated characteristics&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;203&#8211;10&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Estudo vinculado &#224; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#40;Unifesp&#41;&#44; Departamento de Pediatria&#44; Disciplina de Nutrologia&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Perguntas do CFPQ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Escore Escala Likert n &#40;&#37;&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Discordo totalmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Discordo parcialmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#227;o concordo nem discordo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concordo parcialmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Concordo totalmente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Eu incentivo meu filho a comer menos para que ele n&#227;o fique gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">377 &#40;40&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138 &#40;14&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">146 &#40;15&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">173 &#40;18&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93 &#40;10&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Nas refei&#231;&#245;es&#44; eu dou ao meu filho pequenas por&#231;&#245;es para controlar seu peso&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">457 &#40;49&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">164 &#40;17&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">121 &#40;13&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">139 &#40;14&#44;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;4&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Em uma refei&#231;&#227;o&#44; se meu filho come mais do que o normal&#44; eu tento restringir sua alimenta&#231;&#227;o na pr&#243;xima refei&#231;&#227;o&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">520 &#40;56&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">146 &#40;15&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93 &#40;10&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">122 &#40;13&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;4&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Eu restrinjo os alimentos que meu filho come que podem deix&#225;&#8208;lo gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">238 &#40;25&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">127 &#40;13&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">102 &#40;11&#44;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">287 &#40;30&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">173 &#40;18&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Existem certos alimentos que meu filho n&#227;o deve comer porque o far&#227;o ficar gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">320 &#40;34&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">141 &#40;15&#44;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">115 &#40;12&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">237 &#40;25&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">114 &#40;12&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Eu n&#227;o permito que meu filho coma entre as refei&#231;&#245;es porque eu n&#227;o quero que ele fique gordo&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">475 &#40;51&#44;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">193 &#40;20&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117 &#40;12&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110 &#40;11&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;3&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#8220;Frequentemente eu coloco meu filho em uma dieta para controlar seu peso&#8221;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">753 &#40;81&#44;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56 &#40;6&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63 &#40;6&#44;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47 &#40;5&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;0&#44;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">M&#233;dia das respostas &#224;s 7 quest&#245;es do dom&#237;nio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">407 &#40;43&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">279 &#40;30&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">196 &#40;21&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;4&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas do CFPQ referentes ao dom&#237;nio de &#8220;restri&#231;&#227;o para controle de peso&#8221; em uma amostra de m&#227;es de crian&#231;as pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e escolares matriculadas em escolas particulares de S&#227;o Paulo e Campinas&#44; SP&#44; Brasil &#40;n &#61; 927&#41;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados em negrito representam a categoria de risco para cada vari&#225;vel&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IMC&#44; &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Categorias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas dos pais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade da m&#227;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#62; 38 anos</span><br>&#8804; 38 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">414 &#40;44&#44;85&#41;</span><br>509 &#40;55&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade do pai&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#62; 40 anos</span><br>&#8804; 40 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">409 &#40;45&#44;75&#41;</span><br>485 &#40;54&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional da m&#227;e &#40;IMC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Obesidade</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sobrepeso</span><br>Eutrofia<br>Baixo peso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">51 &#40;5&#44;57&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">217 &#40;23&#44;69&#41;</span><br>628 &#40;68&#44;56&#41;<br>20 &#40;2&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional do pai &#40;IMC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Obesidade</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sobrepeso</span><br>Eutrofia<br>Baixo peso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">140 &#40;15&#44;96&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">470 &#40;53&#44;59&#41;</span><br>265 &#40;30&#44;22&#41;<br>2 &#40;0&#44;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o materna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; Superior completo</span><br>Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">106 &#40;11&#44;43&#41;</span><br>821 &#40;88&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o paterna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; Superior completo</span><br>Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">169 &#40;18&#44;49&#41;</span><br>475 &#40;81&#44;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renda familiar &#40;por m&#234;s&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8804; 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos</span><br>&#62; 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">372 &#40;42&#44;71&#41;</span><br>499 &#40;57&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presen&#231;a dos pais durante as refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Presente em todas as refei&#231;&#245;es</span><br>Ausente em uma das refei&#231;&#245;es principais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">835 &#40;90&#44;37&#41;</span><br>89 &#40;9&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Gorda</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Um pouco gorda</span><br>Normal<br>Um pouco magra<br>Muito magra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5 &#40;0&#44;54&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">52 &#40;5&#44;63&#41;</span><br>684 &#40;74&#44;03&#41;<br>156 &#40;16&#44;88&#41;<br>27 &#40;2&#44;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frequ&#234;ncia com que se sentem respons&#225;veis pela alimenta&#231;&#227;o da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sempre</span><br>Muitas vezes &#47;&#192;s vezes&#47;Raramente&#47;Nunca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">467 &#40;50&#44;71&#41;</span><br>454 &#40;49&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Muito preocupado&#47;Razoavelmente preocupado&#47; Preocupado</span><br>Um pouco preocupado&#47;Despreocupado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">476 &#40;51&#44;97&#41;</span><br>440 &#40;48&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas da crian&#231;a</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Faixa et&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8805; 5 anos</span><br>&#60; 5 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">542 &#40;58&#44;47&#41;</span><br>385 &#40;41&#44;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Feminino</span><br>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">455 &#40;49&#44;08&#41;</span><br>472 &#40;50&#44;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional &#40;escore&#8208;z IMC&#47;idade&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Obesidade</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#47;Obesidade grave</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sobrepeso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#47; Obesidade</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Risco para sobrepeso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#47; Sobrepeso</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br>Eutrofia<br>Magreza<br>Magreza acentuada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">21 &#40;2&#44;36&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">73 &#40;8&#44;22&#41;</span><br><span class="elsevierStyleBold">177 &#40;19&#44;93&#41;</span><br>587 &#40;66&#44;10&#41;<br>17 &#40;1&#44;91&#41;<br>13 &#40;1&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quantidade de horas por dia na televis&#227;o e eletr&#244;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#62; 2 horas de uso em ambos</span><br>&#8804; 2 horas de uso em ambos ou em pelo menos um&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">382 &#40;41&#44;21&#41;</span><br>545 &#40;58&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TV e eletr&#244;nicos ligados durante a maioria das refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sim</span><br>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">317 &#40;34&#44;42&#41;</span><br>604 &#40;65&#44;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Consumo</span><br>Sem consumo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">431 &#40;49&#44;03&#41;</span><br>448 &#40;50&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC 95&#37;&#44; intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37;&#59; IMC&#44; &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#59; OR&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span>&#59; p&#44; valor de p&#59; Sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo em 2014&#44; R&#36; 724&#44;00&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados em negrito s&#227;o significativos &#40;na an&#225;lise univariada p &#8804; 0&#44;20 e na m&#250;ltipla p &#8804; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Categoria de risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">An&#225;lise univariada</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">An&#225;lise m&#250;ltipla<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> n &#61; 835</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC &#40;95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC &#40;95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas dos pais</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade da m&#227;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 38 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;045 &#8208; 1&#44;760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;022</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade do pai&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 40 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;046 &#8208; 1&#44;775&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;022</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC da m&#227;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44; 978 &#8208; 1&#44;723&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;070</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC do pai&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;793 &#8208; 1&#44;412&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;701&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o materna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;212 &#8208; 2&#44;532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;012</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Educa&#231;&#227;o paterna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; Superior completo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;837 &#8208; 1&#44;631&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;361&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renda familiar &#40;por m&#234;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8804; 15 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;809 &#8208; 1&#44;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;679&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presen&#231;a dos pais durante as refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Presente em todas as refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;529 &#8208; 1&#44;261&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;363&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percep&#231;&#227;o do estado nutricional da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Um pouco gorda&#47;gorda&#47;muito gorda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;869 &#8208; 25&#44;766&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;848 &#8208; 11&#44;524&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percep&#231;&#227;o do grau de atividade da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pouco ativa&#47;sedent&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;984 &#8208; 9&#44;072&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;054</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frequ&#234;ncia com que se sentem respons&#225;veis por alimentar a crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sempre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44; 726&#8208; 1&#44;219&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;644&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preocupa&#231;&#227;o quanto ao excesso de peso da crian&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Muito preocupado&#47;razoavelmente preocupado&#47;preocupado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;166 &#8208; 3&#44;714&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;938 &#8208; 3&#44;511&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas da crian&#231;a</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Faixa et&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 5 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;107 &#8208; 1&#44;876&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;006</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;925 &#8208; 1&#44;552&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;170</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estado nutricional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Excesso de peso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;030 &#8208; 3&#44;653&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;562 &#8208; 3&#44;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quantidade de horas por dia na televis&#227;o e eletr&#244;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 2 horas de uso em ambos ou em pelo menos um&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;743 &#8208; 1&#44;255&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;793&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TV e eletr&#244;nicos durante a maioria das refei&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;631 &#8208; 1&#44;091&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;182</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Consumo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;989 &#8208; 1&#44;683&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;060</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;041 &#8208; 1&#44;886&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;026</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Modelo ajustado para sexo e idade da crian&#231;a &#40;vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua&#41; e IMC da m&#227;e &#40;vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Escore&#8208;z de IMC&#47;idade para crian&#231;as &#60; 5 anos&#58; risco para sobrepeso&#47;sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#46; Escore&#8208;z de IMC&#47;idade para crian&#231;as &#8805; 5 anos&#58; sobrepeso&#47;obesidade&#47;obesidade grave&#46;</p>"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise univariada e regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla entre a pr&#225;tica alimentar materna de restri&#231;&#227;o medida pelo CFPQ e caracter&#237;sticas dos pais e da crian&#231;a</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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        0 => array:2 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Childhood obesity&#58; causes and consequences"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Sahoo"
                            1 => "B&#46; Sahoo"
                            2 => "A&#46;K&#46; Choudhury"
                            3 => "N&#46;Y&#46; Sofi"
                            4 => "R&#46; Kumar"
                            5 => "A&#46;S&#46; Bhadoria"
                          ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/2249-4863.154628"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Family Med Prim Care"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "187"
                        "paginaFinal" => "192"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25949965"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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            1 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "2"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of food parenting skills and the home food environment in children&#39;s weight gain and obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;M&#46; Gerards"
                            1 => "S&#46;P&#46; Kremers"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s13679-015-0139-x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Obes Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "30"
                        "paginaFinal" => "36"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25741454"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fundamental constructs in food parenting practices&#58; a content map to guide future research"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;E&#46; Vaughn"
                            1 => "D&#46;S&#46; Ward"
                            2 => "J&#46;O&#46; Fisher"
                            3 => "M&#46;S&#46; Faith"
                            4 => "S&#46;O&#46; Hughes"
                            5 => "S&#46;P&#46; Kremers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/nutrit/nuv061"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nutr Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "98"
                        "paginaFinal" => "117"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26724487"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire&#58; validation of a new measure of parental feeding practices"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Musher-Eizenman"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jpepsy/jsm037"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Psychol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "960"
                        "paginaFinal" => "972"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535817"
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ISSN: 22555536
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