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v&#225;rios antioxidantes naturais para eliminar os radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio e prevenir dano oxidativo &#224;s membranas biol&#243;gicas&#46; Esses antioxidantes naturais devem ser de fontes alimentares como vitamina A&#44; C&#44; E e carotenoides ou antioxidantes enzim&#225;ticos intracelulares&#44; que incluem super&#243;xido dismutase&#44; glutationa peroxidase e catalase&#46; Al&#233;m dos antioxidantes enzim&#225;ticos&#44; v&#225;rias pequenas mol&#233;culas tamb&#233;m s&#227;o sintetizadas ou produzidas no corpo e t&#234;m capacidade antioxidante &#40;por exemplo&#44; glutationa e &#225;cido &#250;rico&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a> A vitamina E e a coenzima Q10 s&#227;o consideradas &#237;ndices da capacidade antioxidante&#46; A vitamina E &#233; um importante fator antioxidante que quebra a cadeia contra a oxida&#231;&#227;o lipoproteica de baixa densidade&#46; A coenzima Q10 &#233; um sistema de transporte de el&#233;trons na cadeia respirat&#243;ria da mitoc&#244;ndria e &#233; conhecida como um poss&#237;vel antioxidante por remo&#231;&#227;o direta de radicais livres ou indireta de regenera&#231;&#227;o da vitamina E&#46; As altera&#231;&#245;es no estado redox da coenzima Q10 poder&#227;o ser consideradas um indicador de estresse oxidativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> H&#225; poucos estudos sobre o estado antioxidante da vitamina E e coenzima Q10 na diabetes tipo 1 &#40;DM1&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Portanto&#44; a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar o estado antioxidante da vitamina E no plasma e da coenzima Q10 no plasma e intracelular em crian&#231;as com DM1&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo caso&#8208;controle foi feito no hospital Al&#8208;Jedaani e hospital universit&#225;rio Ibn&#8208;Sina em Jeddah&#44; Ar&#225;bia Saudita&#44; de novembro de 2014 a julho de 2016&#46; O estudo incluiu 72 crian&#231;as com DM1 e 48 crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis&#44; comparadas por idade&#44; sexo e etnia como um grupo de controle&#46; Todos os pacientes estavam em tratamento com insulina e n&#227;o receberam multivitaminas nos &#250;ltimos tr&#234;s meses&#46; Foi obtido consentimento por escrito de seus respons&#225;veis antes do estudo e o estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica local dos hospitais universit&#225;rios Al&#8208;Jedaani e Ibn&#8208;Sina&#46; Os pacientes com DM1 foram divididos de acordo com o &#37; de hemoglobina glicosilada &#40;A1c &#37;&#41; em dois grupos&#58;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Grupo 1</span>&#58; incluiu 34 crian&#231;as com bom controle glic&#234;mico&#44; no qual o A1c &#37; &#60; 7&#44;5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Grupo 2</span>&#58; incluiu 38 crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico&#44; no qual o A1c &#37; &#8805; 7&#44;5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os grupos estudados foram submetidos a<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anamnese completa sobre o in&#237;cio da doen&#231;a&#44; ingest&#227;o de insulina&#44; h&#225;bitos alimentares e monitoramento da glicemia&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram tiradas as medidas antropom&#233;tricas de cada crian&#231;a&#44; a estatura&#44; o peso e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#46; A estatura foi medida com aproxima&#231;&#227;o de 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm com um antrop&#244;metro port&#225;til Holtain &#40;fabricado na sede da Holtan em Whales&#41; e o peso foi determinado com aproxima&#231;&#227;o de 0&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg com uma balan&#231;a Seca &#40;Seca&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; e o paciente vestia pouca roupa e estava descal&#231;o&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;CC&#41; foi medida no n&#237;vel do umbigo com a crian&#231;a de p&#233; e foram calculadas a respira&#231;&#227;o normalmente e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#47;estatura &#40;RCE&#41;&#46; Cada medi&#231;&#227;o foi feita como m&#233;dia de tr&#234;s medidas consecutivas&#44; com equipamentos padronizados e de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es do Programa Biol&#243;gico Internacional&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investiga&#231;&#245;es laboratoriais&#58; inclu&#237;ram testes de laborat&#243;rio de rotina e espec&#237;ficos&#46;</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Coleta de sangue</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O sangue foi coletado de todos os indiv&#237;duos do estudo e cada amostra foi dividida em duas e armazenada a &#8208;84&#176; C&#46; Uma amostra de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL de sangue foi coletada em tubos de EDTA para avaliar o n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 e seu estado redox &#40;percentual de coenzima Q10 oxidada na coenzima Q10 total&#41; em eritr&#243;citos e plaquetas&#46; Outra amostra de sangue de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL foi coletada com heparina para an&#225;lise dos n&#237;veis de vitamina E no plasma&#44; colesterol e coenzima Q10 e seu estado redox&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Testes de laborat&#243;rio de rotina</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclu&#237;ram a avalia&#231;&#227;o de hemograma completo&#44; glicose plasm&#225;tica aleat&#243;ria &#40;RPG&#41;&#44; glicemia de jejum &#40;FPG&#41;&#44; A1c &#37; &#40;Cobas Integra 6000 Roche&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; n&#237;vel de colesterol no plasma por um teste fotom&#233;trico enzim&#225;tico&#44; colesterol FS &#40;Diagnostic Systems&#44; Holzheim&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos no plasma avaliado pelo m&#233;todo da peroxidase&#8208;peroxidase em BS100&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade &#40;HDL&#41; foi avaliada pelo m&#233;todo direto em BS100 &#40;Shenzhen Mindray bio&#8208;medical electronics&#44; Guangdong&#44; China&#41; e lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade &#40;LDL&#41; foi calculada de tr&#234;s medi&#231;&#245;es principais com o uso da equa&#231;&#227;o de Friedewald&#58; LDL &#40;mmmol&#47;L &#61; TC&#8208;HDL&#8208;TG&#47;5&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Testes de laborat&#243;rio espec&#237;ficos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medi&#231;&#227;o das formas oxidada e reduzida da coenzima Q10 no plasma por cromatografia l&#237;quida de alta efici&#234;ncia &#40;CLAE&#41; Sigma &#40;St&#46; Louis&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o da coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos foi feita nas amostras nos tubos de EDTA ap&#243;s separa&#231;&#227;o com a solu&#231;&#227;o de separa&#231;&#227;o de Ficoll &#40;Ficoll&#59; Biochrom KG&#44; Berlim&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; seguida de centrifuga&#231;&#227;o e ajuste da suspens&#227;o final de eritr&#243;citos para fazer a suspens&#227;o de hemat&#243;critos e determina&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de c&#233;lulas presentes&#46; A medi&#231;&#227;o foi feita em uma semana por CLAE com detec&#231;&#227;o eletroqu&#237;mica e padroniza&#231;&#227;o interna&#46; Durante a prepara&#231;&#227;o de amostras&#44; a coenzima Q10 foi completamente oxidada&#46; Portanto&#44; para eritr&#243;citos&#44; foi medida apenas a concentra&#231;&#227;o total de coenzima Q10&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas foi feita nas amostras em tubos de EDTA pelos mesmos passos anteriores nos eritr&#243;citos&#44; por&#233;m podemos medir a coenzima Q10 total e o estado redox&#44; pois n&#227;o h&#225; oxida&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina E no plasma foi feita pelo m&#233;todo fluorim&#233;trico modificado &#40;m&#233;todo fluorim&#233;trico de Thompson modificado por ABE e KATsul&#41;&#46; O comprimento de onda de excita&#231;&#227;o foi 295<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm e o comprimento de onda de emiss&#227;o foi 340<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Defini&#231;&#245;es de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com base nos crit&#233;rios de SM propostos pela Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Diabetes&#44; os pacientes foram diagnosticados com SM quando sua CC foi percentil &#8805; 90 e quando no m&#237;nimo dois dos seguintes fatores foram apresentados&#58; &#40;1&#41; concentra&#231;&#227;o elevada de triglicer&#237;deos&#58; &#8805; 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;1&#44;7 mmol&#47;L&#41; ou tratamento espec&#237;fico para alto n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos&#59; &#40;2&#41; concentra&#231;&#227;o reduzida de colesterol HDL&#58; &#60; 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;1&#44;03 mmol&#47;L&#41; ou tratamento espec&#237;fico para essa anormalidade lip&#237;dica&#59; &#40;3&#41; aumento da press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea&#58; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#8805; 130<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#8805; 85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou tratamento para hipertens&#227;o diagnosticada anteriormente e &#40;4&#41; aumento da concentra&#231;&#227;o de FPG 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;5&#44;6 mmmol&#47;L&#41; ou diabetes tipo 2 conhecida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O teste foi feito com o programa SPSS 21&#46;0 &#40;IBM SPSS Estat&#237;stica para Windows&#44; vers&#227;o 21&#46;0&#46; NY&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; O teste de Shapiro&#8208;Walk foi usado para analisar a distribui&#231;&#227;o de dados&#46; O teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney foi usado para comparar as amostras n&#227;o param&#233;tricas&#46; A an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia &#40;Anova&#41; unidirecional com teste de Tukey <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> foi usada para comparar as amostras independentes m&#250;ltiplas&#46; O coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis usado foi a correla&#231;&#227;o de classifica&#231;&#227;o de Spearman&#46; Um valor de P para probabilidade foi considerado significativo se &#60; 0&#44;05&#44; n&#227;o significativo se &#62; 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Resultados</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados demogr&#225;ficos de todas as crian&#231;as no estudo est&#227;o listados na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nosso estudo incluiu 72 crian&#231;as com DM1&#44; com m&#233;dia de 10&#44;5 anos&#44; 40 meninos e 32 meninas e dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 6&#44;4 anos em compara&#231;&#227;o com 48 crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis &#40;grupo controle&#41; com m&#233;dia de 9&#44;8 anos&#44; 28 meninos e 20 meninas&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa com rela&#231;&#227;o a idade&#44; sexo&#44; hemoglobina&#44; hemat&#243;crito&#44; contagem de leuc&#243;citos e plaquetas entre as crian&#231;as diab&#233;ticas e o grupo de controle &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O n&#237;vel de glicemia e o n&#237;vel de A1c &#37; em crian&#231;as diab&#233;ticas foram significativamente maiores em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de controle&#59; mediana &#40;II&#41;&#44; &#91;12&#44;4 &#40;8&#44;8&#8208;20&#44;6&#41; e 8&#44;1&#37; &#40;6&#44;5&#37;&#8208;11&#44;8&#37;&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com 4&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;7&#8208;6&#44;7&#41; e 5&#44;4&#37; &#40;5&#37;&#8208;6&#37;&#41;&#44; respectivamente p &#60; 0&#44;001&#93;&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima Q10 em todos os grupos do estudo foi mostrada na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico mostraram n&#237;veis de vitamina E no plasma&#44; coenzima Q10&#44; FPG&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; HDL&#44; LDL&#44; RCE e n&#237;veis de colesterol significativamente maiores e estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas significativamente menor em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes com bom controle glic&#234;mico e o grupo de controle &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa esteve presente entre os grupos estudados com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; coenzima Q10 no plasma&#47;relacionada aos lip&#237;dios&#44; estado redox da coenzima Q10 no plasma&#44; coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos e coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma em casos de DM1 com outros par&#226;metros &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A coenzima Q10 no plasma mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva com a dura&#231;&#227;o da DM&#44; n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deos no plasma&#44; colesterol no plasma&#44; vitamina E e A1c &#37; &#91;&#40;r &#61; 0&#44;4&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;32&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;35&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;018&#41; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;41&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;008&#41; e &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;36&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;024&#41;&#93;&#44; correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com a idade das crian&#231;as &#40;r &#61; &#8208; 0&#44;30&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;016&#41; e nenhuma correla&#231;&#227;o com a idade de in&#237;cio da DM &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;22&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;6&#41;&#46; Correla&#231;&#227;o entre o estado redox das plaquetas em casos de DM1 com outros par&#226;metros &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estado redox das plaquetas mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com os n&#237;veis de A1c &#37; &#40;r &#61;&#8208; 0&#44;31&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41; e a dura&#231;&#227;o da DM1 &#40;r &#61; &#8208;0&#44;35&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;012&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#245;es entre o estado redox das plaquetas e a idade dos pacientes&#44; a idade de in&#237;cio da DM1&#44; colesterol no plasma&#44; triglicer&#237;deos no plasma ou vitamina E &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;343&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;134&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61;0&#44;134&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;088&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;12&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;34&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;12&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;07&#41; e &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;225&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;065&#41;&#93;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estresse oxidativo &#233; considerado um importante mecanismo patog&#234;nico b&#225;sico em diferentes doen&#231;as&#44; inclusive DM tipo 1 e 2 com mais produ&#231;&#227;o de radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo revelou que o n&#237;vel de vitamina E no plasma em crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico foi significativamente maior quando comparado com o de crian&#231;as com bom controle glic&#234;mico e com o grupo de controle&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; Dominguez et al&#46;&#44; em um estudo feito em crian&#231;as e adolescentes com DM1&#44; constataram n&#237;vel normal de vitamina E&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Muitos estudos foram feitos e os resultados vari&#225;veis normais&#44; elevados ou reduzidos de concentra&#231;&#245;es de vitamina E no plasma encontrados foram relatados&#44; independentemente do tipo de diabetes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a> Outro estudo em 20 crian&#231;as com DM1 mostrou baixo n&#237;vel de vitamina E e&#44; na administra&#231;&#227;o de 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dia de vitamina E por tr&#234;s meses&#44; encontrou melhoria no estresse oxidativo e no sistema de defesa dos antioxidantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> O aumento no n&#237;vel de vitamina E em crian&#231;as com diabetes pode ser secund&#225;rio ao baixo controle metab&#243;lico com superprodu&#231;&#227;o de vitamina E&#44; secund&#225;rio ao estresse oxidativo e um mecanismo de prote&#231;&#227;o contra o aumento dos radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio&#46; Diferentes estudos discordam de nossos resultados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; outros diferentes estudos est&#227;o de acordo com nosso estudo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;21</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo demonstrou que o n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 no plasma em crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico foi significativamente maior quando comparado com o de crian&#231;as com bom controle glic&#234;mico e com o grupo de controle&#46; Ap&#243;s ajuste da coenzima Q10 aos lip&#237;dios no plasma&#44; essa diferen&#231;a foi equalizada&#46; Um estudo feito por Menke et al&#46; constatou os mesmos resultados e explicou esse aumento na contra&#231;&#227;o plasm&#225;tica da coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as com diabetes como um dos mecanismo de prote&#231;&#227;o do corpo contra o aumento do estresse oxidativo associado a hiperglicemia prolongada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Wittgenstein et al&#46; estudaram a coenzima Q10 no plasma em crian&#231;as com diabetes e n&#227;o constataram diferen&#231;a significativa com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; coenzima Q10 total e a coenzima Q10 lip&#237;dica&#44; apesar do aumento da parte oxidada da coenzima Q10 entre os pacientes e controles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Em um estudo feito por Lim et al&#46; em crian&#231;as com diabetes tipo 1&#44; foi constatada maior concentra&#231;&#227;o de coenzima Q10 no plasma e menos n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 lip&#237;dica&#44; apesar do aumento da parte oxidada da coenzima Q10 entre os pacientes e controles&#46; Os autores no mesmo estudo explicaram que essas altera&#231;&#245;es na coenzima Q10 ocorrem de forma secund&#225;ria ao aumento do estresse oxidativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Um estudo feito por Salaradi et al&#46; constatou n&#237;veis significativamente maiores de vitamina E no plasma e coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico em compara&#231;&#227;o com as com bom controle glic&#234;mico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ter sido encontrada diferen&#231;a no n&#237;vel intracelular de coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos e nas plaquetas entre os grupos do estudo&#44; o estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas no grupo de baixo controle glic&#234;mico foi significativamente menor em compara&#231;&#227;o com seu n&#237;vel no grupo de bom controle glic&#234;mico e grupo de controle&#46; Isso est&#225; de acordo diferentes estudos que constataram o mesmo resultado e explicaram que essas diferen&#231;as na concentra&#231;&#227;o do estado redox das plaquetas foram atribu&#237;das ao subgrupo de pacientes com baixo controle glic&#234;mico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;22&#44;25</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; foi encontrada uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma e a idade das crian&#231;as e isso est&#225; de acordo com um estudo que constatou que os n&#237;veis de coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as em idade pr&#233;&#8208;escolar foi maior do que os n&#237;veis de coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as em idade escolar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; Miles et al&#46; constataram que os pacientes adultos com s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica est&#227;o associados a alto n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 total no plasma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Outro estudo constatou os mesmos resultados&#44; que a coenzima Q10 no plasma est&#225; positivamente correlacionada com a A1c &#37; e vitamina E&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; descobrimos que a maior parte de nossos pacientes est&#225; exposta a estresse oxidativo comprovado por hiperglicemia&#44; maior m&#233;dia de A1c &#37; &#40;8&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; alto n&#237;vel de vitamina E no plasma&#44; alto n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 no plasma e estado redox da coenzima Q10 reduzido&#46; Tudo isso foi comprovado pela correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma com vitamina E e A1c &#37; e a correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre o estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas e A1c &#37;&#46; A forma reduzida da coenzima Q10 inibe a peroxida&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica por remo&#231;&#227;o direta de radicais livres ou indireta por regenera&#231;&#227;o da vitamina E de sua forma oxidada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Essa redu&#231;&#227;o no estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas pode ser considerada uma comprova&#231;&#227;o dos mecanismos de prote&#231;&#227;o pelas mitoc&#244;ndrias na diabetes&#44; ent&#227;o &#233; considerada um sinal de estresse oxidativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes com baixo controle glic&#234;mico em nosso estudo s&#227;o mais propensos &#224; adiposidade central e SM do que outros grupos&#44; pois t&#234;m maior RCE superior a 0&#44;50&#44; em associa&#231;&#227;o a menor HDL e maior FPG&#44; que aumenta a possibilidade de resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#44; e maior estresse oxidativo&#44; que pode causar aumento nos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima Q10&#46; Em compara&#231;&#227;o com nossos achados&#44; Yen et al&#46; relataram que os pacientes com SM podem estar em maior estresse oxidativo&#44; que resulta em baixos n&#237;veis e consumo de atividades de enzima antioxidante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Outro estudo feito por Beydoun et al&#46; constatou que a vitamina E n&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o compat&#237;vel com SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as com diabetes mal controlada apresentaram aumento nos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima Q10 no plasma e redu&#231;&#227;o no estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas&#44; que podem indicar aumento do estresse oxidativo&#46; &#201; importante medir seus n&#237;veis em crian&#231;as com DM1 e ter estudos adicionais sobre os potenciais terap&#234;uticos da vitamina E e da coenzima Q10 para prote&#231;&#227;o e revers&#227;o de doen&#231;as vasculares&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Financiamento</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta pesquisa n&#227;o recebeu bolsa espec&#237;fica de ag&#234;ncias de financiamento nos setores p&#250;blico&#44; comercial ou sem fins lucrativos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Defini&#231;&#245;es de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41;"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-08-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-12-26"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Type 1 diabetes"
            1 => "Oxidative stress"
            2 => "Vitamin E"
            3 => "Coenzyme Q10"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1094890"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Diabetes tipo 1"
            1 => "Estresse oxidativo"
            2 => "Vitamina E"
            3 => "Coenzima Q10"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status of plasma vitamin E and plasma and intracellular coenzyme Q10 in children with type 1 diabetes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This case&#8211;control study was conducted on 72 children with type 1 diabetes and compared to 48 healthy children&#44; who were age&#44; sex&#44; and ethnicity&#8208;matched&#46; The diabetic children were divided according to their glycosylated hemoglobin &#40;A1c &#37;&#41; into two groups&#58; poor and good glycemic control groups&#46; All children underwent full history taking&#44; clinical examination&#44; and laboratory measurement of complete blood count&#44; A1c &#37;&#44; plasma cholesterol&#44; triglycerides&#44; and vitamin E levels and coenzyme Q10 levels in plasma&#44; erythrocytes&#44; and platelets&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Children with poor glycemic control showed significantly higher plasma vitamin E&#44; coenzyme Q10&#44; triglycerides&#44; low&#8208;density lipoproteins&#44; waist circumference&#47;height ratio&#44; cholesterol levels&#44; and lower high&#8208;density lipoproteins and platelet coenzyme Q10 redox status in comparison to those with good glycemic control and the control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Plasma coenzyme Q10 showed a positive correlation with the duration of type 1 diabetes&#44; triglycerides&#44; cholesterol&#44; vitamin E&#44; and A1c &#37;&#44; and negative correlation with the age of the diabetic group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; The platelet redox status showed a negative correlation with the A1c &#37; levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;31&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;022&#41; and the duration of type 1 diabetes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with type 1 diabetes&#44; especially poorly controlled&#44; had elevation of plasma vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels and decreased platelet redox status of coenzyme Q10&#44; which may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar o estado antioxidante da vitamina E no plasma e da coenzima Q10 no plasma e intracelular em crian&#231;as com diabetes tipo 1&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo caso&#8208;controle realizado em com 72 crian&#231;as com diabetes tipo 1 comparadas por idade&#44; sexo e etnia de 58 crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis&#46; As crian&#231;as diab&#233;ticas foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com sua hemoglobina glicosilada &#40;A1c &#37;&#41;&#58; grupos de controle glic&#234;mico bom e baixo&#46; Todas as crian&#231;as foram submetidas a anamnese total&#44; exame cl&#237;nico e laboratorial para hemograma completo&#44; A1c &#37;&#44; colesterol no plasma&#44; triglicer&#237;deos e n&#237;veis de vitamina E e n&#237;veis de coenzima Q10 no plasma&#44; eritr&#243;citos e plaquetas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico mostraram n&#237;vel de vitamina E no plasma significativamente maior&#44; coenzima Q10&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade&#44; propor&#231;&#227;o da circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#47;estatura e n&#237;veis de colesterol e menor n&#237;vel de lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade e estado redox da coenzima Q10 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos com bom controle glic&#234;mico e com o grupo de controle &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A coenzima Q10 no plasma mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva com a dura&#231;&#227;o da diabetes tipo 1&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; colesterol&#44; vitamina E e A1c &#37; e correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com a idade do grupo diab&#233;tico &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O estado redox das plaquetas mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com os n&#237;veis de A1c &#37; &#40;r &#61; &#8208;0&#44;31&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41; e a dura&#231;&#227;o da diabetes tipo 1 &#40;r &#61; &#8208;0&#44;35&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;012&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os pacientes com diabetes tipo 1&#44; principalmente mal controlados&#44; apresentaram aumento nos n&#237;veis de vitamina E no plasma e coenzima Q10 e redu&#231;&#227;o no estado redox das plaquetas da coenzima Q10 que podem indicar aumento do estresse oxidativo&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Alkholy UM&#44; Abdalmonem N&#44; Zaki A&#44; Elkoumi MA&#44; Hashim MI&#44; Basset MA&#44; et al&#46; The antioxidant status of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in children with type 1 diabetes&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;226&#8211;32&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados apresentados como mediana &#40;II&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A1c &#37;&#44; Hemoglobina glicosilada&#59; RPG&#44; glicose plasm&#225;tica aleat&#243;ria&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo de pacientes<br>n &#61; 72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da DM&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Valor de hemat&#243;critos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#37; &#40;39&#37;&#8208;48&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#37; &#40;39&#37;&#8208;49&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Contagem de c&#233;lulas brancas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#44;600 &#40;6&#44;000&#8208;12&#44;800&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;900&#40;5&#46;800&#8208;10&#46;800&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Contagem de plaquetas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">290&#44;000&#40;160&#44;000&#8208;450&#44;000&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">286&#44;000&#40;150&#44;000&#8208;422&#44;000&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A1c &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#44;1&#37; &#40;6&#44;5&#37;&#8208;11&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;4&#37; &#40;5&#37;&#8208;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RPG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#44;4 &#40;8&#44;8&#8208;20&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;7&#8208;6&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A1c &#37;&#44; Hemoglobina glicosada&#59; FPG&#44; glicose plasm&#225;tica em jejum&#59; RCE&#44; raz&#227;o da circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#47;estatura&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados apresentados como mediana &#40;II&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores apresentados como mediana &#40;intervalo&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Letras semelhantes indicam diferen&#231;a significativa entre os grupos&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bom controle glic&#234;mico &#40;Grupo 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baixo controle glic&#234;mico &#40;Grupo 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo de Controle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">N&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A1c&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 7&#44;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 7&#44;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idade&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;1 &#40;4&#8208;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;7 &#40;4&#44;5&#8208;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#44;8 &#40;4&#8208;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sexo &#40;Masculino&#47;Feminino&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#47;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idade de in&#237;cio da DM1&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;6 &#40;3&#44;3&#8208;9&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;7&#8208;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">----&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dura&#231;&#227;o da DM1&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;2 &#40;4&#8208;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;6 &#40;5&#8208;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">----&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RCE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;46 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;0&#44;51&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;51 &#40;0&#44;44&#8208;0&#44;55&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a&#44;b</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;45 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;0&#44;47&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FPG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;6 &#40;4&#44;6&#8208;6&#44;4&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;5&#44;4&#8208; 12&#44;2&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c&#44;d</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;8 &#40;4&#44;1&#8208;6&#44;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamina E no plasma &#40;ug&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#44;2 &#40;8&#44;6&#8208;20&#44;6&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#44;8 &#40;10&#44;8&#8208;26&#44;4&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e&#44;f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#44;8&#40;8&#44;4&#8208;20&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Colesterol no plasma mmol&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;96 &#40;3&#44;82&#8208;4&#44;08&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;28 &#40;3&#44;89&#8208;4&#44;38&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g&#44;h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;68 &#40;3&#44;08 &#8211; 4&#44;06&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triglicer&#237;deos no plasma mmol&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;50 &#40;1&#44;09&#8208;1&#44;89&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;66 &#40;1&#44;14&#8208;2&#44;10&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i&#44;j</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;27 &#40;1&#44;22&#8208;1&#44;66&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">j</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5 &#40;0&#44;98&#8208;2&#44;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">k</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;17 &#40;1&#46;6&#8208;3&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">k&#44;l</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;98 &#40;0&#44;82&#8208;1&#44;3&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">l</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;93 &#40;0&#44;69&#8208; 1&#44;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">m</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;72 &#40;0&#44;54&#8208;0&#44;98&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">m&#44;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;2 &#40;0&#44;88&#8208;1&#44;7&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 no plasma &#40;umol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;898 &#40;0&#44;820&#8208;0&#44;998&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;028 &#40;0&#44;866&#8208;1&#44;120&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o&#44;p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;824 &#40;0&#44;686&#8208;1&#44;062&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 no plasma&#47;relacionada a lip&#237;dios &#40;Q10 umo&#47;colesterol mol&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">228 &#40;214&#8208;240&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">240 &#40;222&#8208;255&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">223 &#40;186&#8208;302&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 no plasma&#47;relacionada a lip&#237;dios &#40;Q10 umo&#47;triglicer&#237;deos mol&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">598 &#40;528&#8208;725&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">619 &#40;533&#8208;759&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">601 &#40;562 &#8208;672&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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              "identificador" => "bib0155"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The pathobiology of diabetic complications&#58; a unifying mechanism"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Brownlee"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "1615"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1625"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919781"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inflammation and oxidative stress&#44; obesity&#44; metabolic syndrome&#44; and diabetes"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Pietro"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2012/943706"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Exp Diabetes Res"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "2012"
                        "paginaInicial" => "943706"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319940"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Superoxide production from non&#8208;enzymatically glycated protein"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Sakurai"
                            1 => "S&#46; Tsuchiya"
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                        ]
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                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "FEBS Lett"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Free radicals in biology and medicine"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Halliwell"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diabetes&#44; oxidative stress&#44; and antioxidants&#58; a review"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;C&#46; Maritim"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Sanders"
                            2 => "J&#46;B&#46; Watkins"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jbt.10058"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Biochem Mol Toxicol"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of oxidative stress in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus &#40;IDDM&#41; patients"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Vaddi"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1746-1596-2-22"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Diagn Pathol"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "MRC&#47;BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20&#44;536 high&#8208;risk individuals&#58; a randomized placebo&#8208;controlled trial"
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                          "colaboracion" => "Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group"
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                  ]
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Artigo Original
The antioxidant status of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in children with type 1 diabetes
Estado antioxidante da coenzima Q10 e da vitamina E em crianças com diabetes tipo 1
Usama M. Alkholya,
Autor para correspondência
usamaalkoly@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Nermin Abdalmonema, Ahmed Zakib, Mohamed A. Elkoumia, Mustafa I. Abu Hashima, Maha A.A. Basseta, Hossam E. Salahc
a Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Department, Sharkia, Egito
b Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Department, Mansoura, Egito
c Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Sharkia, Egito
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes mellitus</span> &#40;DM&#41; &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica caracterizada por dist&#250;rbio na homeostase da glicose&#46; A hiperglicemia que ocorre em associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; DM leva a maior produ&#231;&#227;o de radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio&#44; estresse oxidativo e complica&#231;&#245;es diab&#233;ticas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> As crian&#231;as com diabetes s&#227;o propensas a aumento do estresse oxidativo por diferentes mecanismos&#44; inclusive autoxida&#231;&#227;o de glicose e glica&#231;&#227;o proteica n&#227;o enzim&#225;tica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> H&#225; v&#225;rios antioxidantes naturais para eliminar os radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio e prevenir dano oxidativo &#224;s membranas biol&#243;gicas&#46; Esses antioxidantes naturais devem ser de fontes alimentares como vitamina A&#44; C&#44; E e carotenoides ou antioxidantes enzim&#225;ticos intracelulares&#44; que incluem super&#243;xido dismutase&#44; glutationa peroxidase e catalase&#46; Al&#233;m dos antioxidantes enzim&#225;ticos&#44; v&#225;rias pequenas mol&#233;culas tamb&#233;m s&#227;o sintetizadas ou produzidas no corpo e t&#234;m capacidade antioxidante &#40;por exemplo&#44; glutationa e &#225;cido &#250;rico&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a> A vitamina E e a coenzima Q10 s&#227;o consideradas &#237;ndices da capacidade antioxidante&#46; A vitamina E &#233; um importante fator antioxidante que quebra a cadeia contra a oxida&#231;&#227;o lipoproteica de baixa densidade&#46; A coenzima Q10 &#233; um sistema de transporte de el&#233;trons na cadeia respirat&#243;ria da mitoc&#244;ndria e &#233; conhecida como um poss&#237;vel antioxidante por remo&#231;&#227;o direta de radicais livres ou indireta de regenera&#231;&#227;o da vitamina E&#46; As altera&#231;&#245;es no estado redox da coenzima Q10 poder&#227;o ser consideradas um indicador de estresse oxidativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> H&#225; poucos estudos sobre o estado antioxidante da vitamina E e coenzima Q10 na diabetes tipo 1 &#40;DM1&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Portanto&#44; a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar o estado antioxidante da vitamina E no plasma e da coenzima Q10 no plasma e intracelular em crian&#231;as com DM1&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo caso&#8208;controle foi feito no hospital Al&#8208;Jedaani e hospital universit&#225;rio Ibn&#8208;Sina em Jeddah&#44; Ar&#225;bia Saudita&#44; de novembro de 2014 a julho de 2016&#46; O estudo incluiu 72 crian&#231;as com DM1 e 48 crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis&#44; comparadas por idade&#44; sexo e etnia como um grupo de controle&#46; Todos os pacientes estavam em tratamento com insulina e n&#227;o receberam multivitaminas nos &#250;ltimos tr&#234;s meses&#46; Foi obtido consentimento por escrito de seus respons&#225;veis antes do estudo e o estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica local dos hospitais universit&#225;rios Al&#8208;Jedaani e Ibn&#8208;Sina&#46; Os pacientes com DM1 foram divididos de acordo com o &#37; de hemoglobina glicosilada &#40;A1c &#37;&#41; em dois grupos&#58;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Grupo 1</span>&#58; incluiu 34 crian&#231;as com bom controle glic&#234;mico&#44; no qual o A1c &#37; &#60; 7&#44;5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Grupo 2</span>&#58; incluiu 38 crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico&#44; no qual o A1c &#37; &#8805; 7&#44;5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os grupos estudados foram submetidos a<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anamnese completa sobre o in&#237;cio da doen&#231;a&#44; ingest&#227;o de insulina&#44; h&#225;bitos alimentares e monitoramento da glicemia&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram tiradas as medidas antropom&#233;tricas de cada crian&#231;a&#44; a estatura&#44; o peso e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#46; A estatura foi medida com aproxima&#231;&#227;o de 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm com um antrop&#244;metro port&#225;til Holtain &#40;fabricado na sede da Holtan em Whales&#41; e o peso foi determinado com aproxima&#231;&#227;o de 0&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg com uma balan&#231;a Seca &#40;Seca&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; e o paciente vestia pouca roupa e estava descal&#231;o&#46; A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;CC&#41; foi medida no n&#237;vel do umbigo com a crian&#231;a de p&#233; e foram calculadas a respira&#231;&#227;o normalmente e a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#47;estatura &#40;RCE&#41;&#46; Cada medi&#231;&#227;o foi feita como m&#233;dia de tr&#234;s medidas consecutivas&#44; com equipamentos padronizados e de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es do Programa Biol&#243;gico Internacional&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investiga&#231;&#245;es laboratoriais&#58; inclu&#237;ram testes de laborat&#243;rio de rotina e espec&#237;ficos&#46;</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Coleta de sangue</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O sangue foi coletado de todos os indiv&#237;duos do estudo e cada amostra foi dividida em duas e armazenada a &#8208;84&#176; C&#46; Uma amostra de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL de sangue foi coletada em tubos de EDTA para avaliar o n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 e seu estado redox &#40;percentual de coenzima Q10 oxidada na coenzima Q10 total&#41; em eritr&#243;citos e plaquetas&#46; Outra amostra de sangue de 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL foi coletada com heparina para an&#225;lise dos n&#237;veis de vitamina E no plasma&#44; colesterol e coenzima Q10 e seu estado redox&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Testes de laborat&#243;rio de rotina</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclu&#237;ram a avalia&#231;&#227;o de hemograma completo&#44; glicose plasm&#225;tica aleat&#243;ria &#40;RPG&#41;&#44; glicemia de jejum &#40;FPG&#41;&#44; A1c &#37; &#40;Cobas Integra 6000 Roche&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; n&#237;vel de colesterol no plasma por um teste fotom&#233;trico enzim&#225;tico&#44; colesterol FS &#40;Diagnostic Systems&#44; Holzheim&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos no plasma avaliado pelo m&#233;todo da peroxidase&#8208;peroxidase em BS100&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade &#40;HDL&#41; foi avaliada pelo m&#233;todo direto em BS100 &#40;Shenzhen Mindray bio&#8208;medical electronics&#44; Guangdong&#44; China&#41; e lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade &#40;LDL&#41; foi calculada de tr&#234;s medi&#231;&#245;es principais com o uso da equa&#231;&#227;o de Friedewald&#58; LDL &#40;mmmol&#47;L &#61; TC&#8208;HDL&#8208;TG&#47;5&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Testes de laborat&#243;rio espec&#237;ficos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medi&#231;&#227;o das formas oxidada e reduzida da coenzima Q10 no plasma por cromatografia l&#237;quida de alta efici&#234;ncia &#40;CLAE&#41; Sigma &#40;St&#46; Louis&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o da coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos foi feita nas amostras nos tubos de EDTA ap&#243;s separa&#231;&#227;o com a solu&#231;&#227;o de separa&#231;&#227;o de Ficoll &#40;Ficoll&#59; Biochrom KG&#44; Berlim&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; seguida de centrifuga&#231;&#227;o e ajuste da suspens&#227;o final de eritr&#243;citos para fazer a suspens&#227;o de hemat&#243;critos e determina&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de c&#233;lulas presentes&#46; A medi&#231;&#227;o foi feita em uma semana por CLAE com detec&#231;&#227;o eletroqu&#237;mica e padroniza&#231;&#227;o interna&#46; Durante a prepara&#231;&#227;o de amostras&#44; a coenzima Q10 foi completamente oxidada&#46; Portanto&#44; para eritr&#243;citos&#44; foi medida apenas a concentra&#231;&#227;o total de coenzima Q10&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas foi feita nas amostras em tubos de EDTA pelos mesmos passos anteriores nos eritr&#243;citos&#44; por&#233;m podemos medir a coenzima Q10 total e o estado redox&#44; pois n&#227;o h&#225; oxida&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina E no plasma foi feita pelo m&#233;todo fluorim&#233;trico modificado &#40;m&#233;todo fluorim&#233;trico de Thompson modificado por ABE e KATsul&#41;&#46; O comprimento de onda de excita&#231;&#227;o foi 295<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm e o comprimento de onda de emiss&#227;o foi 340<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Defini&#231;&#245;es de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com base nos crit&#233;rios de SM propostos pela Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Diabetes&#44; os pacientes foram diagnosticados com SM quando sua CC foi percentil &#8805; 90 e quando no m&#237;nimo dois dos seguintes fatores foram apresentados&#58; &#40;1&#41; concentra&#231;&#227;o elevada de triglicer&#237;deos&#58; &#8805; 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;1&#44;7 mmol&#47;L&#41; ou tratamento espec&#237;fico para alto n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos&#59; &#40;2&#41; concentra&#231;&#227;o reduzida de colesterol HDL&#58; &#60; 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;1&#44;03 mmol&#47;L&#41; ou tratamento espec&#237;fico para essa anormalidade lip&#237;dica&#59; &#40;3&#41; aumento da press&#227;o sangu&#237;nea&#58; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#8805; 130<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#8805; 85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou tratamento para hipertens&#227;o diagnosticada anteriormente e &#40;4&#41; aumento da concentra&#231;&#227;o de FPG 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;5&#44;6 mmmol&#47;L&#41; ou diabetes tipo 2 conhecida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O teste foi feito com o programa SPSS 21&#46;0 &#40;IBM SPSS Estat&#237;stica para Windows&#44; vers&#227;o 21&#46;0&#46; NY&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; O teste de Shapiro&#8208;Walk foi usado para analisar a distribui&#231;&#227;o de dados&#46; O teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney foi usado para comparar as amostras n&#227;o param&#233;tricas&#46; A an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia &#40;Anova&#41; unidirecional com teste de Tukey <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> foi usada para comparar as amostras independentes m&#250;ltiplas&#46; O coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis usado foi a correla&#231;&#227;o de classifica&#231;&#227;o de Spearman&#46; Um valor de P para probabilidade foi considerado significativo se &#60; 0&#44;05&#44; n&#227;o significativo se &#62; 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Resultados</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados demogr&#225;ficos de todas as crian&#231;as no estudo est&#227;o listados na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nosso estudo incluiu 72 crian&#231;as com DM1&#44; com m&#233;dia de 10&#44;5 anos&#44; 40 meninos e 32 meninas e dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 6&#44;4 anos em compara&#231;&#227;o com 48 crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis &#40;grupo controle&#41; com m&#233;dia de 9&#44;8 anos&#44; 28 meninos e 20 meninas&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa com rela&#231;&#227;o a idade&#44; sexo&#44; hemoglobina&#44; hemat&#243;crito&#44; contagem de leuc&#243;citos e plaquetas entre as crian&#231;as diab&#233;ticas e o grupo de controle &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O n&#237;vel de glicemia e o n&#237;vel de A1c &#37; em crian&#231;as diab&#233;ticas foram significativamente maiores em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de controle&#59; mediana &#40;II&#41;&#44; &#91;12&#44;4 &#40;8&#44;8&#8208;20&#44;6&#41; e 8&#44;1&#37; &#40;6&#44;5&#37;&#8208;11&#44;8&#37;&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com 4&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;7&#8208;6&#44;7&#41; e 5&#44;4&#37; &#40;5&#37;&#8208;6&#37;&#41;&#44; respectivamente p &#60; 0&#44;001&#93;&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima Q10 em todos os grupos do estudo foi mostrada na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico mostraram n&#237;veis de vitamina E no plasma&#44; coenzima Q10&#44; FPG&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; HDL&#44; LDL&#44; RCE e n&#237;veis de colesterol significativamente maiores e estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas significativamente menor em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes com bom controle glic&#234;mico e o grupo de controle &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa esteve presente entre os grupos estudados com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; coenzima Q10 no plasma&#47;relacionada aos lip&#237;dios&#44; estado redox da coenzima Q10 no plasma&#44; coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos e coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma em casos de DM1 com outros par&#226;metros &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A coenzima Q10 no plasma mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva com a dura&#231;&#227;o da DM&#44; n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deos no plasma&#44; colesterol no plasma&#44; vitamina E e A1c &#37; &#91;&#40;r &#61; 0&#44;4&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;32&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;35&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;018&#41; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;41&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;008&#41; e &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;36&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;024&#41;&#93;&#44; correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com a idade das crian&#231;as &#40;r &#61; &#8208; 0&#44;30&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;016&#41; e nenhuma correla&#231;&#227;o com a idade de in&#237;cio da DM &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;22&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;6&#41;&#46; Correla&#231;&#227;o entre o estado redox das plaquetas em casos de DM1 com outros par&#226;metros &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estado redox das plaquetas mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com os n&#237;veis de A1c &#37; &#40;r &#61;&#8208; 0&#44;31&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41; e a dura&#231;&#227;o da DM1 &#40;r &#61; &#8208;0&#44;35&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;012&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#245;es entre o estado redox das plaquetas e a idade dos pacientes&#44; a idade de in&#237;cio da DM1&#44; colesterol no plasma&#44; triglicer&#237;deos no plasma ou vitamina E &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;343&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;134&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61;0&#44;134&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;088&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;12&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;34&#41;&#44; &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;12&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;07&#41; e &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;225&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;065&#41;&#93;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estresse oxidativo &#233; considerado um importante mecanismo patog&#234;nico b&#225;sico em diferentes doen&#231;as&#44; inclusive DM tipo 1 e 2 com mais produ&#231;&#227;o de radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo revelou que o n&#237;vel de vitamina E no plasma em crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico foi significativamente maior quando comparado com o de crian&#231;as com bom controle glic&#234;mico e com o grupo de controle&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; Dominguez et al&#46;&#44; em um estudo feito em crian&#231;as e adolescentes com DM1&#44; constataram n&#237;vel normal de vitamina E&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Muitos estudos foram feitos e os resultados vari&#225;veis normais&#44; elevados ou reduzidos de concentra&#231;&#245;es de vitamina E no plasma encontrados foram relatados&#44; independentemente do tipo de diabetes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a> Outro estudo em 20 crian&#231;as com DM1 mostrou baixo n&#237;vel de vitamina E e&#44; na administra&#231;&#227;o de 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dia de vitamina E por tr&#234;s meses&#44; encontrou melhoria no estresse oxidativo e no sistema de defesa dos antioxidantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> O aumento no n&#237;vel de vitamina E em crian&#231;as com diabetes pode ser secund&#225;rio ao baixo controle metab&#243;lico com superprodu&#231;&#227;o de vitamina E&#44; secund&#225;rio ao estresse oxidativo e um mecanismo de prote&#231;&#227;o contra o aumento dos radicais livres de oxig&#234;nio&#46; Diferentes estudos discordam de nossos resultados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; outros diferentes estudos est&#227;o de acordo com nosso estudo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;21</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo demonstrou que o n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 no plasma em crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico foi significativamente maior quando comparado com o de crian&#231;as com bom controle glic&#234;mico e com o grupo de controle&#46; Ap&#243;s ajuste da coenzima Q10 aos lip&#237;dios no plasma&#44; essa diferen&#231;a foi equalizada&#46; Um estudo feito por Menke et al&#46; constatou os mesmos resultados e explicou esse aumento na contra&#231;&#227;o plasm&#225;tica da coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as com diabetes como um dos mecanismo de prote&#231;&#227;o do corpo contra o aumento do estresse oxidativo associado a hiperglicemia prolongada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Wittgenstein et al&#46; estudaram a coenzima Q10 no plasma em crian&#231;as com diabetes e n&#227;o constataram diferen&#231;a significativa com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; coenzima Q10 total e a coenzima Q10 lip&#237;dica&#44; apesar do aumento da parte oxidada da coenzima Q10 entre os pacientes e controles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Em um estudo feito por Lim et al&#46; em crian&#231;as com diabetes tipo 1&#44; foi constatada maior concentra&#231;&#227;o de coenzima Q10 no plasma e menos n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 lip&#237;dica&#44; apesar do aumento da parte oxidada da coenzima Q10 entre os pacientes e controles&#46; Os autores no mesmo estudo explicaram que essas altera&#231;&#245;es na coenzima Q10 ocorrem de forma secund&#225;ria ao aumento do estresse oxidativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Um estudo feito por Salaradi et al&#46; constatou n&#237;veis significativamente maiores de vitamina E no plasma e coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico em compara&#231;&#227;o com as com bom controle glic&#234;mico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; apesar de n&#227;o ter sido encontrada diferen&#231;a no n&#237;vel intracelular de coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos e nas plaquetas entre os grupos do estudo&#44; o estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas no grupo de baixo controle glic&#234;mico foi significativamente menor em compara&#231;&#227;o com seu n&#237;vel no grupo de bom controle glic&#234;mico e grupo de controle&#46; Isso est&#225; de acordo diferentes estudos que constataram o mesmo resultado e explicaram que essas diferen&#231;as na concentra&#231;&#227;o do estado redox das plaquetas foram atribu&#237;das ao subgrupo de pacientes com baixo controle glic&#234;mico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;22&#44;25</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; foi encontrada uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma e a idade das crian&#231;as e isso est&#225; de acordo com um estudo que constatou que os n&#237;veis de coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as em idade pr&#233;&#8208;escolar foi maior do que os n&#237;veis de coenzima Q10 em crian&#231;as em idade escolar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; Miles et al&#46; constataram que os pacientes adultos com s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica est&#227;o associados a alto n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 total no plasma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Outro estudo constatou os mesmos resultados&#44; que a coenzima Q10 no plasma est&#225; positivamente correlacionada com a A1c &#37; e vitamina E&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; descobrimos que a maior parte de nossos pacientes est&#225; exposta a estresse oxidativo comprovado por hiperglicemia&#44; maior m&#233;dia de A1c &#37; &#40;8&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; alto n&#237;vel de vitamina E no plasma&#44; alto n&#237;vel de coenzima Q10 no plasma e estado redox da coenzima Q10 reduzido&#46; Tudo isso foi comprovado pela correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma com vitamina E e A1c &#37; e a correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre o estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas e A1c &#37;&#46; A forma reduzida da coenzima Q10 inibe a peroxida&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica por remo&#231;&#227;o direta de radicais livres ou indireta por regenera&#231;&#227;o da vitamina E de sua forma oxidada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Essa redu&#231;&#227;o no estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas pode ser considerada uma comprova&#231;&#227;o dos mecanismos de prote&#231;&#227;o pelas mitoc&#244;ndrias na diabetes&#44; ent&#227;o &#233; considerada um sinal de estresse oxidativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes com baixo controle glic&#234;mico em nosso estudo s&#227;o mais propensos &#224; adiposidade central e SM do que outros grupos&#44; pois t&#234;m maior RCE superior a 0&#44;50&#44; em associa&#231;&#227;o a menor HDL e maior FPG&#44; que aumenta a possibilidade de resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#44; e maior estresse oxidativo&#44; que pode causar aumento nos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima Q10&#46; Em compara&#231;&#227;o com nossos achados&#44; Yen et al&#46; relataram que os pacientes com SM podem estar em maior estresse oxidativo&#44; que resulta em baixos n&#237;veis e consumo de atividades de enzima antioxidante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Outro estudo feito por Beydoun et al&#46; constatou que a vitamina E n&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o compat&#237;vel com SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as com diabetes mal controlada apresentaram aumento nos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima Q10 no plasma e redu&#231;&#227;o no estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas&#44; que podem indicar aumento do estresse oxidativo&#46; &#201; importante medir seus n&#237;veis em crian&#231;as com DM1 e ter estudos adicionais sobre os potenciais terap&#234;uticos da vitamina E e da coenzima Q10 para prote&#231;&#227;o e revers&#227;o de doen&#231;as vasculares&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Financiamento</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta pesquisa n&#227;o recebeu bolsa espec&#237;fica de ag&#234;ncias de financiamento nos setores p&#250;blico&#44; comercial ou sem fins lucrativos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Defini&#231;&#245;es de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41;"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-08-22"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Type 1 diabetes"
            1 => "Oxidative stress"
            2 => "Vitamin E"
            3 => "Coenzyme Q10"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1094890"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Diabetes tipo 1"
            1 => "Estresse oxidativo"
            2 => "Vitamina E"
            3 => "Coenzima Q10"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status of plasma vitamin E and plasma and intracellular coenzyme Q10 in children with type 1 diabetes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This case&#8211;control study was conducted on 72 children with type 1 diabetes and compared to 48 healthy children&#44; who were age&#44; sex&#44; and ethnicity&#8208;matched&#46; The diabetic children were divided according to their glycosylated hemoglobin &#40;A1c &#37;&#41; into two groups&#58; poor and good glycemic control groups&#46; All children underwent full history taking&#44; clinical examination&#44; and laboratory measurement of complete blood count&#44; A1c &#37;&#44; plasma cholesterol&#44; triglycerides&#44; and vitamin E levels and coenzyme Q10 levels in plasma&#44; erythrocytes&#44; and platelets&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Children with poor glycemic control showed significantly higher plasma vitamin E&#44; coenzyme Q10&#44; triglycerides&#44; low&#8208;density lipoproteins&#44; waist circumference&#47;height ratio&#44; cholesterol levels&#44; and lower high&#8208;density lipoproteins and platelet coenzyme Q10 redox status in comparison to those with good glycemic control and the control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Plasma coenzyme Q10 showed a positive correlation with the duration of type 1 diabetes&#44; triglycerides&#44; cholesterol&#44; vitamin E&#44; and A1c &#37;&#44; and negative correlation with the age of the diabetic group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; The platelet redox status showed a negative correlation with the A1c &#37; levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;31&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;022&#41; and the duration of type 1 diabetes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with type 1 diabetes&#44; especially poorly controlled&#44; had elevation of plasma vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels and decreased platelet redox status of coenzyme Q10&#44; which may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar o estado antioxidante da vitamina E no plasma e da coenzima Q10 no plasma e intracelular em crian&#231;as com diabetes tipo 1&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo caso&#8208;controle realizado em com 72 crian&#231;as com diabetes tipo 1 comparadas por idade&#44; sexo e etnia de 58 crian&#231;as saud&#225;veis&#46; As crian&#231;as diab&#233;ticas foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com sua hemoglobina glicosilada &#40;A1c &#37;&#41;&#58; grupos de controle glic&#234;mico bom e baixo&#46; Todas as crian&#231;as foram submetidas a anamnese total&#44; exame cl&#237;nico e laboratorial para hemograma completo&#44; A1c &#37;&#44; colesterol no plasma&#44; triglicer&#237;deos e n&#237;veis de vitamina E e n&#237;veis de coenzima Q10 no plasma&#44; eritr&#243;citos e plaquetas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As crian&#231;as com baixo controle glic&#234;mico mostraram n&#237;vel de vitamina E no plasma significativamente maior&#44; coenzima Q10&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade&#44; propor&#231;&#227;o da circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#47;estatura e n&#237;veis de colesterol e menor n&#237;vel de lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade e estado redox da coenzima Q10 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos com bom controle glic&#234;mico e com o grupo de controle &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A coenzima Q10 no plasma mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva com a dura&#231;&#227;o da diabetes tipo 1&#44; triglicer&#237;deos&#44; colesterol&#44; vitamina E e A1c &#37; e correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com a idade do grupo diab&#233;tico &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O estado redox das plaquetas mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o negativa com os n&#237;veis de A1c &#37; &#40;r &#61; &#8208;0&#44;31&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;022&#41; e a dura&#231;&#227;o da diabetes tipo 1 &#40;r &#61; &#8208;0&#44;35&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;012&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os pacientes com diabetes tipo 1&#44; principalmente mal controlados&#44; apresentaram aumento nos n&#237;veis de vitamina E no plasma e coenzima Q10 e redu&#231;&#227;o no estado redox das plaquetas da coenzima Q10 que podem indicar aumento do estresse oxidativo&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Alkholy UM&#44; Abdalmonem N&#44; Zaki A&#44; Elkoumi MA&#44; Hashim MI&#44; Basset MA&#44; et al&#46; The antioxidant status of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in children with type 1 diabetes&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;95&#58;226&#8211;32&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados apresentados como mediana &#40;II&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A1c &#37;&#44; Hemoglobina glicosilada&#59; RPG&#44; glicose plasm&#225;tica aleat&#243;ria&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo de pacientes<br>n &#61; 72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo de Controle<br>n &#61; 48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idade em anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;5 &#40;4&#8208;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#44;8 &#40;4&#8208;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sexo &#40;Masculino&#47;Feminino&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#47;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da DM&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;4 &#40;4&#8208;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">N&#237;vel de hemoglobina gm&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;2 &#40;11&#44;4&#8208;14&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;5 &#40;11&#44;8&#8208;14&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Valor de hemat&#243;critos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#37; &#40;39&#37;&#8208;48&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#37; &#40;39&#37;&#8208;49&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Contagem de c&#233;lulas brancas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#44;600 &#40;6&#44;000&#8208;12&#44;800&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;900&#40;5&#46;800&#8208;10&#46;800&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Contagem de plaquetas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">290&#44;000&#40;160&#44;000&#8208;450&#44;000&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">286&#44;000&#40;150&#44;000&#8208;422&#44;000&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A1c &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#44;1&#37; &#40;6&#44;5&#37;&#8208;11&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;4&#37; &#40;5&#37;&#8208;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RPG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#44;4 &#40;8&#44;8&#8208;20&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;7&#8208;6&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A1c &#37;&#44; Hemoglobina glicosada&#59; FPG&#44; glicose plasm&#225;tica em jejum&#59; RCE&#44; raz&#227;o da circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#47;estatura&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dados apresentados como mediana &#40;II&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores apresentados como mediana &#40;intervalo&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Letras semelhantes indicam diferen&#231;a significativa entre os grupos&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bom controle glic&#234;mico &#40;Grupo 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baixo controle glic&#234;mico &#40;Grupo 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo de Controle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">N&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A1c&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 7&#44;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 7&#44;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idade&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;1 &#40;4&#8208;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;7 &#40;4&#44;5&#8208;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#44;8 &#40;4&#8208;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sexo &#40;Masculino&#47;Feminino&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#47;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#47;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Idade de in&#237;cio da DM1&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;6 &#40;3&#44;3&#8208;9&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;7&#8208;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">----&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dura&#231;&#227;o da DM1&#47;anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;2 &#40;4&#8208;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;6 &#40;5&#8208;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">----&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">RCE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;46 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;0&#44;51&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;51 &#40;0&#44;44&#8208;0&#44;55&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a&#44;b</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;45 &#40;0&#44;43&#8208;0&#44;47&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FPG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;6 &#40;4&#44;6&#8208;6&#44;4&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;5&#44;4&#8208; 12&#44;2&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c&#44;d</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;8 &#40;4&#44;1&#8208;6&#44;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamina E no plasma &#40;ug&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#44;2 &#40;8&#44;6&#8208;20&#44;6&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#44;8 &#40;10&#44;8&#8208;26&#44;4&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e&#44;f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#44;8&#40;8&#44;4&#8208;20&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Colesterol no plasma mmol&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;96 &#40;3&#44;82&#8208;4&#44;08&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;28 &#40;3&#44;89&#8208;4&#44;38&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g&#44;h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;68 &#40;3&#44;08 &#8211; 4&#44;06&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Triglicer&#237;deos no plasma mmol&#47;L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;50 &#40;1&#44;09&#8208;1&#44;89&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;66 &#40;1&#44;14&#8208;2&#44;10&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i&#44;j</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;27 &#40;1&#44;22&#8208;1&#44;66&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">j</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5 &#40;0&#44;98&#8208;2&#44;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">k</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;17 &#40;1&#46;6&#8208;3&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">k&#44;l</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;98 &#40;0&#44;82&#8208;1&#44;3&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">l</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;93 &#40;0&#44;69&#8208; 1&#44;1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">m</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;72 &#40;0&#44;54&#8208;0&#44;98&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">m&#44;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;2 &#40;0&#44;88&#8208;1&#44;7&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 no plasma &#40;umol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;898 &#40;0&#44;820&#8208;0&#44;998&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;028 &#40;0&#44;866&#8208;1&#44;120&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o&#44;p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;824 &#40;0&#44;686&#8208;1&#44;062&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 no plasma&#47;relacionada a lip&#237;dios &#40;Q10 umo&#47;colesterol mol&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">228 &#40;214&#8208;240&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">240 &#40;222&#8208;255&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">223 &#40;186&#8208;302&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 no plasma&#47;relacionada a lip&#237;dios &#40;Q10 umo&#47;triglicer&#237;deos mol&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">598 &#40;528&#8208;725&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">619 &#40;533&#8208;759&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">601 &#40;562 &#8208;672&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Estado redox da coenzima Q10 no plasma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;8 &#40;7&#44;1&#8208;9&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;4 &#40;6&#44;4&#8208;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#44;0 &#40;7&#44;5&#8208;9&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 nos eritr&#243;citos &#40;pmol&#47;c&#233;lulas&#215;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;23&#8208;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;22&#8208;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;19&#8208;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas &#40;pmol&#47;c&#233;lulas&#215;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">210 &#40;165&#8208;244&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">190 &#40;155&#8208;238&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200 &#40;158&#8208;256&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#44;6 &#40;16&#44;9&#8208;26&#44;3&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">q</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#44;6 &#40;16&#44;4&#8208;20&#44;4&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">q&#44;r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27&#44;8 &#40;19&#44;8&#8208;35&#44;9&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o do perfil lip&#237;dico e dos n&#237;veis de vitamina E e coenzima 2 em todos os grupos do estudo</p>"
        ]
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A1c&#37;&#58; hemoglobina glicolisada&#59; DM1&#44; diabetes tipo 1&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coenzima Q10 no plasma &#40;umol&#47;L&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estado redox da CoQ10 nas plaquetas</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Colesterol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;134&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;088&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamina E&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208; 0&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a coenzima Q10 no plasma &#40;Co Q10&#41; e o estado redox da coenzima Q10 nas plaquetas com outros par&#226;metros em pacientes diab&#233;ticos</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The pathobiology of diabetic complications&#58; a unifying mechanism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Brownlee"
                          ]
                        ]
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1615"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1625"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919781"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inflammation and oxidative stress&#44; obesity&#44; metabolic syndrome&#44; and diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Pietro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2012/943706"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Exp Diabetes Res"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "2012"
                        "paginaInicial" => "943706"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319940"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Superoxide production from non&#8208;enzymatically glycated protein"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Sakurai"
                            1 => "S&#46; Tsuchiya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "FEBS Lett"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "236"
                        "paginaInicial" => "406"
                        "paginaFinal" => "410"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842191"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Free radicals in biology and medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Halliwell"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Gutteridge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "editorial" => "Oxford University Press"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diabetes&#44; oxidative stress&#44; and antioxidants&#58; a review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;C&#46; Maritim"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Sanders"
                            2 => "J&#46;B&#46; Watkins"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jbt.10058"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Biochem Mol Toxicol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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