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atingiram&#8208;se m&#227;es de todos os estratos sociais&#44; que&#44; em conjunto com mudan&#231;as culturais ocorridas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao papel da amamenta&#231;&#227;o na sociedade e a crescente inser&#231;&#227;o das mulheres no mercado de trabalho&#44; levaram ao decl&#237;nio da dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8208;9</span></a> Em rea&#231;&#227;o&#44; movimentos mundiais pr&#243;&#8208;amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; principalmente a partir do fim da d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; culminaram com a cria&#231;&#227;o de um conjunto de normas&#44; fundamentadas em princ&#237;pios &#233;ticos&#44; para regulamentar a promo&#231;&#227;o comercial de produtos que poderiam interferir no aleitamento materno&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde o in&#237;cio da d&#233;cada de 1980 leis&#44; normas e programas foram adotados pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de no Brasil para promover e apoiar o aleitamento materno&#46; Foi atribu&#237;do a eles o aumento consistente da preval&#234;ncia e da dura&#231;&#227;o mediana da amamenta&#231;&#227;o desde o fim daquela d&#233;cada&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> como constatado por inqu&#233;ritos nacionais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> Tais incrementos foram associados &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de morbidades e diminui&#231;&#227;o das taxas de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; n&#227;o se disp&#245;e de s&#233;rie hist&#243;rica sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno anterior &#224; d&#233;cada de 1980&#44; uma vez que o &#250;nico inqu&#233;rito nacional conduzido no per&#237;odo &#40;1974&#8208;5&#41; obteve informa&#231;&#245;es apenas indiretas sobre essa pr&#225;tica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Para esclarecer se a dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno em nosso meio apresentava trajet&#243;ria ascendente&#44; est&#225;vel ou decrescente antes da d&#233;cada de 1980&#44; &#233; preciso lan&#231;ar m&#227;o de dados originados de outros estudos&#44; de natureza compar&#225;vel &#224;queles dos per&#237;odos subsequentes&#46; O presente estudo tem como objetivos descrever uma s&#233;rie hist&#243;rica sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o de crian&#231;as nascidas a partir da d&#233;cada de 1960 e identificar fatores associados &#224; sua interrup&#231;&#227;o em cada d&#233;cada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Popula&#231;&#227;o de estudo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados dados do Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de &#40;EPS&#41;&#44; investiga&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica longitudinal iniciada em 1999 com uma popula&#231;&#227;o de trabalhadores t&#233;cnico&#8208;administrativos de uma universidade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro&#46; O EPS tem por objetivo principal elucidar o papel de determinantes sociais da sa&#250;de&#59; entre 1999 e 2013&#44; foram feitas quatro etapas de coleta de dados&#44; incluindo autopreenchimento de question&#225;rios&#44; aferi&#231;&#245;es antropom&#233;tricas e outros exames&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os funcion&#225;rios t&#233;cnico&#8208;administrativos do quadro efetivo de uma universidade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram convidados a participar do estudo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;030 na fase 1 e n &#61; 2&#46;933 na fase 4&#41;&#46; Foram considerados ineleg&#237;veis apenas aqueles cedidos a outras institui&#231;&#245;es ou licenciados por motivos n&#227;o relacionados &#224; sa&#250;de&#46; Os funcion&#225;rios em licen&#231;a m&#233;dica foram convidados a participar do estudo&#44; at&#233; com visita domiciliar&#44; quando necess&#225;ria&#46; Foram eleg&#237;veis para o estudo todas as mulheres que tiveram filhos e participaram da fase 1 e da fase 4 do EPS&#46; Mulheres que participaram da fase 1 e da fase 4 foram consideradas somente uma vez&#46; Detalhes do recrutamento e da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada s&#227;o encontrados em outra publica&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para o presente estudo&#44; foram utilizados dados de dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno relativas ao primeiro filho coletados em duas fases do EPS&#58; fase 1 &#40;1999&#41;&#44; e fase 4 &#40;2011&#8208;2&#41;&#46; O EPS incluiu&#44; em suas duas fases&#44; 2160 mulheres&#44; das quais 1&#46;727 tiveram pelo menos um filho&#46; Para este estudo&#44; foram consideradas somente aquelas que souberam relatar a dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno do primeiro filho &#40;n &#61; 1&#46;539&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Coleta dos dados</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi feita por meio de question&#225;rio multidimensional&#44; autopreench&#237;veis&#44; com aux&#237;lio de pesquisadores de campo e no ambiente de trabalho&#46; Para garantir a qualidade dos dados foram feitos estudo piloto&#44; teste de confiabilidade dos instrumentos e dupla digita&#231;&#227;o independente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> A dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o foi obtida em meses&#44; por meio de quest&#245;es espec&#237;ficas para mulheres que tiveram pelo menos um filho&#44; incluindo o m&#234;s e ano de nascimento&#44; a pr&#225;tica ou n&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o e em que m&#234;s havia cessado o aleitamento materno&#44; todas referentes ao primeiro filho nascido&#46; As datas de nascimento foram categorizadas em d&#233;cadas&#44; a partir de 1960&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A renda familiar mensal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span> foi obtida pela convers&#227;o da renda l&#237;quida domiciliar dividida pelo total de pessoas que dependiam dessa renda e categorizada em ter&#231;os de renda <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span>&#46; Como foram usados dados de renda referentes a dois per&#237;odos distintos&#44; os rendimentos relatados na fase 1 foram deflacionados com o &#205;ndice Nacional de Pre&#231;os ao Consumidor Amplo &#40;IPCA&#41;&#44; para maximizar sua comparabilidade com aquela relativa &#224; fase 4&#46; Dados sobre cor&#47;etnia autorreferida foram coletados segundo as categorias do IBGE&#58; preta&#44; parda&#44; branca&#44; amarela e ind&#237;gena&#46; A idade das m&#227;es foi referente &#224; &#233;poca em que tiveram o primeiro filho&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; as m&#227;es foram questionadas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tipo de parto &#40;ces&#225;reo ou normal&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise dos dados</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para an&#225;lise da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno foram constru&#237;das curvas de sobrevida pelo m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meier para cada d&#233;cada informada&#44; o que representou a probabilidade acumulada de estar amamentando com o decorrer dos meses&#46; O tempo de aleitamento materno foi censurado aos 12 meses e a associa&#231;&#227;o das covari&#225;veis com a dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o foi estimada por meio da regress&#227;o de Cox&#46; Optou&#8208;se por n&#227;o incluir nas an&#225;lises os indiv&#237;duos classificados como de cor&#47;etnia amarela e ind&#237;gena em fun&#231;&#227;o de suas baixas frequ&#234;ncias &#40;1&#44;7&#37; e 0&#44;7&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; O pressuposto de riscos proporcionais&#44; necess&#225;rio &#224; regress&#227;o de Cox&#44; foi testado &#40;incluindo intera&#231;&#245;es das covari&#225;veis com o tempo&#41; pelos res&#237;duos de Schoenfeld &#40;1982&#41;&#59; tamb&#233;m foi feito o teste da d&#233;cada de nascimento como vari&#225;vel independente&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica testado foi de 5&#37;&#44; foi usado o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> Stata &#40;StataCorp&#46; 2011&#46;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stata Statistical Software&#58; release 12</span>&#46; College Station&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fase 1 do EPS foi aprovada em 1999&#44; pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa &#40;CEP&#41; do Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto &#40;registro n&#176; 224&#47;1999&#41;&#44; e em 2011 a fase 4 foi aprovada pelo CEP do Instituto de Medicina Social da Uerj &#40;CAAE n&#176; 0041&#46;0&#46;259&#46;000&#8208;11&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#44; s&#227;o apresentadas a idade em ter&#231;os em cada d&#233;cada estudada&#46; Optou&#8208;se por essa classifica&#231;&#227;o porque a idade m&#233;dia das m&#227;es aumentou de acordo com a d&#233;cada de nascimento do primeiro filho&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a> mostra a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento e a raz&#227;o de Hazard &#40;HR&#41;&#44; que expressa o risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno em cada d&#233;cada&#44; tomou&#8208;se a d&#233;cada de 1960 como refer&#234;ncia&#46; Observou&#8208;se risco aumentado de interrup&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970 &#40;HR &#61; 1&#44;36&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e menor risco na d&#233;cada de 2000 &#40;HR &#61; 0&#44;52&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; As curvas de sobrevida para o aleitamento materno s&#227;o apresentadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#44; na qual se destaca a menor probabilidade de uma m&#227;e permanecer amamentando ao longo dos primeiros 12 meses de vida de seu filho na d&#233;cada de 1970 e maior incremento da dura&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo de 2000&#8208;09&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> s&#227;o apresentadas as estimativas do modelo de Cox para associa&#231;&#245;es entre covari&#225;veis e o tempo de aleitamento para cada d&#233;cada estudada&#46; Associa&#231;&#245;es estatisticamente significativas&#44; com a renda e a idade da m&#227;e&#44; concentraram&#8208;se na d&#233;cada de 1970&#46; Mulheres mais idosas &#40;3&#176; ter&#231;o&#41; apresentaram risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno 39&#37; maior quando comparadas com as mais jovens &#40;1&#176; ter&#231;o&#41;&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; renda domiciliar&#44; participantes no segundo e terceiro ter&#231;os &#40;maior renda <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span>&#41; apresentaram maior risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970&#59; na d&#233;cada de 2000 houve uma invers&#227;o da associa&#231;&#227;o&#44; em quem mulheres do segundo ter&#231;o de renda apresentaram menor risco&#46; As mulheres que se declararam de cor preta tiveram menor risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno quando comparadas com as de cor branca nas d&#233;cadas de 1960 e 1970 e quando comparadas com as de cor branca e parda na d&#233;cada de 1980&#46; O tipo de parto n&#227;o se associou ao risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo investigou a evolu&#231;&#227;o da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno entre as d&#233;cadas de 1960 e 2009 e observou inicial decl&#237;nio da dura&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970 em compara&#231;&#227;o com 1960 e posterior retomada nas d&#233;cadas seguintes&#46; O menor risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o foi observado no per&#237;odo 2000&#8208;09&#46; A evolu&#231;&#227;o da dura&#231;&#227;o aqui observada n&#227;o pode ser comparada de forma direta com outros estudos que avaliaram a dura&#231;&#227;o ao longo dos anos em fun&#231;&#227;o dos m&#233;todos empregados para an&#225;lise&#44; mas seguem padr&#245;es semelhantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> Na Pesquisa Nacional de Mortalidade Infantil e Planejamento Familiar &#40;PNMIPF&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> e Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Sa&#250;de &#40;PNDS&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> foram observadas&#44; respectivamente&#44; dura&#231;&#245;es medianas do aleitamento materno de 9 meses &#40;1986&#41; e 14 meses &#40;2006&#41;&#44; evolu&#231;&#227;o similar &#224; observada na Pesquisa Nacional de Preval&#234;ncia do Aleitamento Materno &#40;PPAM&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> feita nas capitais brasileiras em 1999 &#40;9&#44;8 meses&#41; e 2008 &#40;11&#44;3 meses&#41;&#46; Em S&#227;o Paulo&#44; em estudo de base hospitalar com informa&#231;&#245;es relativas aos anos de 1954 a 1985&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana da amamenta&#231;&#227;o era de aproximadamente 150 dias na d&#233;cada de 1960 e de 100 dias na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; com posterior aumento para mais de 100 dias na d&#233;cada seguinte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A menor dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno observada na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; comparada com a d&#233;cada anterior&#44; pode estar associada a distintos e complexos determinantes socioculturais&#44; como a crescente inser&#231;&#227;o da mulher no mercado de trabalho e as mudan&#231;as de paradigma frente &#224; natureza do aleitamento materno&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> constructos esses dif&#237;ceis de serem mensurados com dados dispon&#237;veis em estudos&#46; Contudo&#44; &#233; consensual entre os autores que estudaram esse per&#237;odo que esse decl&#237;nio coincide com o auge das pr&#225;ticas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marketing</span> e venda que ocorriam sem regulamenta&#231;&#227;o por parte da ind&#250;stria de alimentos no Brasil e no mundo nesse per&#237;odo e com a arregimenta&#231;&#227;o de profissionais de sa&#250;de que estimulavam o uso de f&#243;rmulas infantis&#44; ent&#227;o denominadas &#8220;substitutas do leite materno&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8208;9&#44;13&#44;20</span></a> Vale ressaltar que o decl&#237;nio na dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o nos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos j&#225; ocorria em per&#237;odo anterior &#40;anos 1930&#41;&#44; com resgate da pr&#225;tica de amamenta&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m ap&#243;s a d&#233;cada de 1970&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No contexto internacional&#44; a preval&#234;ncia e a dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno s&#227;o menores em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e&#44; ainda assim&#44; nos pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento a preval&#234;ncia do aleitamento materno exclusivo &#233; de 37&#37;&#44; com grandes disparidades entre as m&#227;es mais pobres e mais ricas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Nesse cen&#225;rio desfavor&#225;vel ao aleitamento materno&#44; Rolins et al&#46; conduziram um estudo de caso publicado no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lancet Breastfeeding Series</span> no qual concluem que o Brasil &#233; um dos casos de sucesso de melhorias nos padr&#245;es de amamenta&#231;&#227;o devido ao envolvimento da sociedade e forte apoio e investimento do governo para a ado&#231;&#227;o de pr&#225;ticas como o monitoramento do c&#243;digo internacional&#44; a ado&#231;&#227;o de licen&#231;a maternidade paga e a implanta&#231;&#227;o de uma rede de bancos de leite humano e de hospitais amigos da crian&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise dos fatores associados ao risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno destacaram&#8208;se a renda e a idade da m&#227;e&#46; M&#227;es de idade mais elevada apresentaram risco maior para desmame quando comparadas com as m&#227;es mais jovens&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; m&#227;es no estrato de renda mais elevado apresentaram risco maior de desmame comparadas com as de menor rendimento&#44; padr&#227;o semelhante ao encontrado em distintos grupos e pa&#237;ses de todas as regi&#245;es&#58; ao analisar 98 inqu&#233;ritos de pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento&#44; Victora et al&#46; identificaram que&#44; independentemente do pa&#237;s e da regi&#227;o mundial&#44; m&#227;es pertencentes aos estratos mais pobres amamentam por mais tempo do que as mais ricas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> De forma interessante&#44; essas diferen&#231;as se concentraram na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; mesmo per&#237;odo em que foi observada menor dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno&#46; A renda mais elevada favorecia o desmame por permitir a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de leites artificiais&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> em um contexto de importante influ&#234;ncia da ind&#250;stria e de desconstru&#231;&#227;o dos benef&#237;cios da amamenta&#231;&#227;o natural&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Merece destaque&#44; entretanto&#44; a invers&#227;o na rela&#231;&#227;o entre renda e desmame observada na d&#233;cada de 2000&#44; cujas m&#227;es de maior rendimento apresentaram menor risco de desmame &#40;ainda que estatisticamente significante somente para o estrato intermedi&#225;rio&#41;&#46; Essa mudan&#231;a pode ser entendida como um reflexo da transforma&#231;&#227;o da percep&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;es em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; import&#226;ncia do aleitamento materno&#44; fruto do esfor&#231;o de movimentos pr&#243;&#8208;amamenta&#231;&#227;o e da legisla&#231;&#227;o que regulamentou a publicidade de leites artificiais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De fato&#44; dados de inqu&#233;ritos nacionais &#40;1975&#47;1989&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> j&#225; sinalizavam essa tend&#234;ncia&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o entre a dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o e a renda apresentava&#8208;se inversamente associada em 1975&#44; era quatro vezes maior em crian&#231;as de menor renda comparadas com as de maior renda&#46; Em 1989&#44; essa diferen&#231;a diminui para menos do que o dobro e deixou de ser inversamente linear considerando todos os estratos de renda&#46; Ademais&#44; esse fen&#244;meno se repete em 66 pa&#237;ses estudados desde a d&#233;cada de 1990&#44; nos quais mulheres dos quintos mais pobres amamentam por mais tempo do que as mulheres dos quintos mais ricos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; cor&#47;etnia&#44; verificou&#8208;se no presente estudo uma dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno menor entre m&#227;es brancas em compara&#231;&#227;o com as m&#227;es de cor preta&#46; &#201; poss&#237;vel que haja influ&#234;ncias culturais sobre os padr&#245;es de alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil em diferentes grupos &#233;tnicos&#59; por&#233;m&#44; h&#225; poucas evid&#234;ncias a respeito e desconhecem&#8208;se como tais padr&#245;es t&#234;m se modificado e se t&#234;m sido influenciados por pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algumas limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo devem ser destacadas&#46; Primeiro&#44; as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a renda domiciliar s&#227;o referentes &#224; &#233;poca da entrevista&#44; e n&#227;o do nascimento do filho&#59; entretanto&#44; como essa renda foi categorizada em termos relativos &#40;ter&#231;os&#41;&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel que essas posi&#231;&#245;es tenham se mantido est&#225;veis&#46; Segundo&#44; o menor tamanho amostral nas d&#233;cadas de 1960 e 2000 reduziu o poder estat&#237;stico para detectar diferen&#231;as entre as vari&#225;veis nesses per&#237;odos&#59; cabe notar&#44; no entanto&#44; que nas d&#233;cadas de 1980 e 1990 o tamanho amostral foi maior e n&#227;o foram observadas nesses per&#237;odos diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Quanto ao poss&#237;vel vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria&#44; um estudo de teste&#8208;reteste sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o autorrelatada do aleitamento materno foi conduzido em uma subpopula&#231;&#227;o de mulheres acompanhadas desde 1999 no EPS&#59; a confiabilidade de curto prazo &#40;14 dias&#41; e de longo prazo &#40;13 anos&#41; foi considerada adequada&#44; indicou que o vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria pode n&#227;o ser importante no estudo &#40;Robaina et al&#46;&#44; no prelo&#41;&#46; A validade externa do estudo pode ser questionada&#44; mas a semelhan&#231;a com a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos padr&#245;es de aleitamento materno observados no n&#237;vel nacional permite&#44; ao menos&#44; levantar hip&#243;teses sobre a evolu&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno desde a d&#233;cada de 1960&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados apresentados neste estudo mostraram a din&#226;mica da evolu&#231;&#227;o da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno no decorrer das d&#233;cadas&#44; com menor dura&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970 em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; d&#233;cada anterior e subsequente aumento da dura&#231;&#227;o nas d&#233;cadas seguintes&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foram observadas diferen&#231;as individuais mais marcantes entre a popula&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;es na d&#233;cada de 1970&#46; O decorrente aumento da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno nas d&#233;cadas seguintes sugere que a ado&#231;&#227;o de pol&#237;ticas&#44; normas e pr&#225;ticas em favor da promo&#231;&#227;o&#44; prote&#231;&#227;o e apoio ao aleitamento materno&#44; adotadas a partir da d&#233;cada de 1980&#44; foram favor&#225;veis a essa pr&#225;tica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiamento</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#40;Faperj&#41; e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#40;CNPq&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Survival analysis"
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            3 => "Time series"
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            0 => "Aleitamento materno"
            1 => "An&#225;lise de sobrevida"
            2 => "Sa&#250;de da crian&#231;a"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe a historical series on the median duration of breastfeeding in a population of mothers whose children were born from the 1960s onwards&#44; identifying factors associated with the interruption of breastfeeding in each decade&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data were analyzed from the Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de Study&#44; a longitudinal epidemiological investigation started in 1999 among technical and administrative employees of a university in the state of Rio de Janeiro&#46; Breastfeeding duration was collected in two study phases&#58; phase 1 &#40;1999&#41;&#44; and phase 4 &#40;2011&#8208;2012&#41;&#46; Of these&#44; those who had at least one child and reported the duration of breastfeeding for the first child were selected &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1539&#41;&#46; To analyze the duration of breastfeeding&#44; survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan&#8208;Meier method and the effect of covariates on the duration of breastfeeding was estimated by Cox regression model&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It was found that the median duration of breastfeeding was higher in the 1990s and 2000s and lower in the 1970s&#44; compared to the 1960s&#46; In addition&#44; there was an association between higher income and maternal age with breastfeeding interruption&#44; which was focused in the 1970s&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was shorter duration of breastfeeding in the 1970s compared to the 1960s&#46; Increased duration and prevalence of breastfeeding from the 1970s onwards coincided with the national trend and the promotion of this practice since 1980&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descrever uma s&#233;rie hist&#243;rica sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana da amamenta&#231;&#227;o em popula&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;es com crian&#231;as nascidas a partir da d&#233;cada de 1960 e identificar fatores associados &#224; sua interrup&#231;&#227;o em cada d&#233;cada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados dados de 1&#46;539 participantes do Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de &#40;EPS&#41;&#44; uma investiga&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica longitudinal iniciada em 1999 entre trabalhadores t&#233;cnico&#8208;administrativos de uma universidade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro&#46; Foram usadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno do primeiro filho coletadas em duas fases do EPS &#40;1999 e 2011&#8208;12&#41;&#46; Para an&#225;lise da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno foram constru&#237;das curvas de sobrevida pelo m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meier e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com covari&#225;veis foi estimada pelo modelo de regress&#227;o de Cox&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Verificou&#8208;se que a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno foi maior nas d&#233;cadas de 1990 e 2000 e menor na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com a d&#233;cada de 1960&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; houve associa&#231;&#227;o entre maior renda e faixa et&#225;ria maternas com interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno&#44; que se concentrou na d&#233;cada de 1970&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observou&#8208;se menor dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno na d&#233;cada de 1970 em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; d&#233;cada de 1960&#46; O aumento da dura&#231;&#227;o e das preval&#234;ncias de amamenta&#231;&#227;o a partir da d&#233;cada de 1970 coincidiu com a tend&#234;ncia nacional e com a promo&#231;&#227;o dessa pr&#225;tica a partir de 1980&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Como citar este artigo&#58; Oliveira DS&#44; Boccolini CS&#44; Faerstein E&#44; Verly&#8208;Jr E&#46; Breastfeeding duration and associated factors between 1960 and 2000&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2017&#59;93&#58;130&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">182&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">168 &#40;92&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#8208;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1970&#8208;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">324&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">292 &#40;90&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;36 &#40;1&#44;08&#8208;1&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1980&#8208;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">592&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">549 &#40;92&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#8208;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;11 &#40;0&#44;90&#8208;1&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1990&#8208;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">465&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">431 &#40;92&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#8208;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;80 &#40;0&#44;65&#8208;1&#44;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2000&#8208;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;96&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#8208;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;52 &#40;0&#44;39&#8208;0&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Raz&#227;o de Hazard&#46; A d&#233;cada de 1960 &#233; a categoria de refer&#234;ncia&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o das mulheres que amamentaram&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o mediana e risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno no primeiro ano de vida por d&#233;cada de nascimento do primeiro filho&#46; Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de&#44; 1999 e 2011&#8208;2012</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">D&#233;cadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1960</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1970</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1980</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1990</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2000</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade da m&#227;e</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">158&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">212&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Renda</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">172&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">111&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parto</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ces&#225;rea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">306&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">114&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">209&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">244&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cor&#47;etnia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Parda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">165&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">114&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo Original
Breastfeeding duration and associated factors between 1960 and 2000
Duração do aleitamento materno e fatores associados entre 1960 e 2000
Danielle Soares de Oliveiraa, Cristiano S. Boccolinib, Eduardo Faersteina, Eliseu Verly‐Jra,
Autor para correspondência
eliseujunior@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
a Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), Instituto de Medicina Social (IMS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
b Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Curvas de sobrevida para o tempo de aleitamento materno segundo d&#233;cada de nascimento do primeiro filho&#46; Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de&#44; 1999 e 2011&#8208;2012&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A amamenta&#231;&#227;o &#233; considerada uma das estrat&#233;gias que mais contribuem para a preven&#231;&#227;o de mortes infantis&#44; tem o potencial de salvar mais de 800&#46;000 vidas de crian&#231;as com menos de 5 anos por ano em todo o mundo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> e reduzir a mortalidade neonatal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> &#201; recomendada sua pr&#225;tica de forma exclusiva at&#233; os 6 meses e complementada at&#233; os 2 anos ou mais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Apesar de sua relev&#226;ncia&#44; circunst&#226;ncias sociais e econ&#244;micas podem ter profunda influ&#234;ncia na preval&#234;ncia e dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em meados dos anos 1960 iniciaram&#8208;se campanhas maci&#231;as de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marketing</span> para a substitui&#231;&#227;o do leite materno por f&#243;rmulas infantis sem qualquer tipo de regulamenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; atingiram&#8208;se m&#227;es de todos os estratos sociais&#44; que&#44; em conjunto com mudan&#231;as culturais ocorridas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao papel da amamenta&#231;&#227;o na sociedade e a crescente inser&#231;&#227;o das mulheres no mercado de trabalho&#44; levaram ao decl&#237;nio da dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8208;9</span></a> Em rea&#231;&#227;o&#44; movimentos mundiais pr&#243;&#8208;amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; principalmente a partir do fim da d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; culminaram com a cria&#231;&#227;o de um conjunto de normas&#44; fundamentadas em princ&#237;pios &#233;ticos&#44; para regulamentar a promo&#231;&#227;o comercial de produtos que poderiam interferir no aleitamento materno&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde o in&#237;cio da d&#233;cada de 1980 leis&#44; normas e programas foram adotados pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de no Brasil para promover e apoiar o aleitamento materno&#46; Foi atribu&#237;do a eles o aumento consistente da preval&#234;ncia e da dura&#231;&#227;o mediana da amamenta&#231;&#227;o desde o fim daquela d&#233;cada&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> como constatado por inqu&#233;ritos nacionais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> Tais incrementos foram associados &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de morbidades e diminui&#231;&#227;o das taxas de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contudo&#44; n&#227;o se disp&#245;e de s&#233;rie hist&#243;rica sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno anterior &#224; d&#233;cada de 1980&#44; uma vez que o &#250;nico inqu&#233;rito nacional conduzido no per&#237;odo &#40;1974&#8208;5&#41; obteve informa&#231;&#245;es apenas indiretas sobre essa pr&#225;tica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Para esclarecer se a dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno em nosso meio apresentava trajet&#243;ria ascendente&#44; est&#225;vel ou decrescente antes da d&#233;cada de 1980&#44; &#233; preciso lan&#231;ar m&#227;o de dados originados de outros estudos&#44; de natureza compar&#225;vel &#224;queles dos per&#237;odos subsequentes&#46; O presente estudo tem como objetivos descrever uma s&#233;rie hist&#243;rica sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o de crian&#231;as nascidas a partir da d&#233;cada de 1960 e identificar fatores associados &#224; sua interrup&#231;&#227;o em cada d&#233;cada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Popula&#231;&#227;o de estudo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados dados do Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de &#40;EPS&#41;&#44; investiga&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica longitudinal iniciada em 1999 com uma popula&#231;&#227;o de trabalhadores t&#233;cnico&#8208;administrativos de uma universidade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro&#46; O EPS tem por objetivo principal elucidar o papel de determinantes sociais da sa&#250;de&#59; entre 1999 e 2013&#44; foram feitas quatro etapas de coleta de dados&#44; incluindo autopreenchimento de question&#225;rios&#44; aferi&#231;&#245;es antropom&#233;tricas e outros exames&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os funcion&#225;rios t&#233;cnico&#8208;administrativos do quadro efetivo de uma universidade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram convidados a participar do estudo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;030 na fase 1 e n &#61; 2&#46;933 na fase 4&#41;&#46; Foram considerados ineleg&#237;veis apenas aqueles cedidos a outras institui&#231;&#245;es ou licenciados por motivos n&#227;o relacionados &#224; sa&#250;de&#46; Os funcion&#225;rios em licen&#231;a m&#233;dica foram convidados a participar do estudo&#44; at&#233; com visita domiciliar&#44; quando necess&#225;ria&#46; Foram eleg&#237;veis para o estudo todas as mulheres que tiveram filhos e participaram da fase 1 e da fase 4 do EPS&#46; Mulheres que participaram da fase 1 e da fase 4 foram consideradas somente uma vez&#46; Detalhes do recrutamento e da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada s&#227;o encontrados em outra publica&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para o presente estudo&#44; foram utilizados dados de dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno relativas ao primeiro filho coletados em duas fases do EPS&#58; fase 1 &#40;1999&#41;&#44; e fase 4 &#40;2011&#8208;2&#41;&#46; O EPS incluiu&#44; em suas duas fases&#44; 2160 mulheres&#44; das quais 1&#46;727 tiveram pelo menos um filho&#46; Para este estudo&#44; foram consideradas somente aquelas que souberam relatar a dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno do primeiro filho &#40;n &#61; 1&#46;539&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Coleta dos dados</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi feita por meio de question&#225;rio multidimensional&#44; autopreench&#237;veis&#44; com aux&#237;lio de pesquisadores de campo e no ambiente de trabalho&#46; Para garantir a qualidade dos dados foram feitos estudo piloto&#44; teste de confiabilidade dos instrumentos e dupla digita&#231;&#227;o independente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> A dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o foi obtida em meses&#44; por meio de quest&#245;es espec&#237;ficas para mulheres que tiveram pelo menos um filho&#44; incluindo o m&#234;s e ano de nascimento&#44; a pr&#225;tica ou n&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o e em que m&#234;s havia cessado o aleitamento materno&#44; todas referentes ao primeiro filho nascido&#46; As datas de nascimento foram categorizadas em d&#233;cadas&#44; a partir de 1960&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A renda familiar mensal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span> foi obtida pela convers&#227;o da renda l&#237;quida domiciliar dividida pelo total de pessoas que dependiam dessa renda e categorizada em ter&#231;os de renda <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span>&#46; Como foram usados dados de renda referentes a dois per&#237;odos distintos&#44; os rendimentos relatados na fase 1 foram deflacionados com o &#205;ndice Nacional de Pre&#231;os ao Consumidor Amplo &#40;IPCA&#41;&#44; para maximizar sua comparabilidade com aquela relativa &#224; fase 4&#46; Dados sobre cor&#47;etnia autorreferida foram coletados segundo as categorias do IBGE&#58; preta&#44; parda&#44; branca&#44; amarela e ind&#237;gena&#46; A idade das m&#227;es foi referente &#224; &#233;poca em que tiveram o primeiro filho&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; as m&#227;es foram questionadas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tipo de parto &#40;ces&#225;reo ou normal&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise dos dados</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para an&#225;lise da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno foram constru&#237;das curvas de sobrevida pelo m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meier para cada d&#233;cada informada&#44; o que representou a probabilidade acumulada de estar amamentando com o decorrer dos meses&#46; O tempo de aleitamento materno foi censurado aos 12 meses e a associa&#231;&#227;o das covari&#225;veis com a dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o foi estimada por meio da regress&#227;o de Cox&#46; Optou&#8208;se por n&#227;o incluir nas an&#225;lises os indiv&#237;duos classificados como de cor&#47;etnia amarela e ind&#237;gena em fun&#231;&#227;o de suas baixas frequ&#234;ncias &#40;1&#44;7&#37; e 0&#44;7&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; O pressuposto de riscos proporcionais&#44; necess&#225;rio &#224; regress&#227;o de Cox&#44; foi testado &#40;incluindo intera&#231;&#245;es das covari&#225;veis com o tempo&#41; pelos res&#237;duos de Schoenfeld &#40;1982&#41;&#59; tamb&#233;m foi feito o teste da d&#233;cada de nascimento como vari&#225;vel independente&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica testado foi de 5&#37;&#44; foi usado o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> Stata &#40;StataCorp&#46; 2011&#46;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stata Statistical Software&#58; release 12</span>&#46; College Station&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fase 1 do EPS foi aprovada em 1999&#44; pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa &#40;CEP&#41; do Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto &#40;registro n&#176; 224&#47;1999&#41;&#44; e em 2011 a fase 4 foi aprovada pelo CEP do Instituto de Medicina Social da Uerj &#40;CAAE n&#176; 0041&#46;0&#46;259&#46;000&#8208;11&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#44; s&#227;o apresentadas a idade em ter&#231;os em cada d&#233;cada estudada&#46; Optou&#8208;se por essa classifica&#231;&#227;o porque a idade m&#233;dia das m&#227;es aumentou de acordo com a d&#233;cada de nascimento do primeiro filho&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a> mostra a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento e a raz&#227;o de Hazard &#40;HR&#41;&#44; que expressa o risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno em cada d&#233;cada&#44; tomou&#8208;se a d&#233;cada de 1960 como refer&#234;ncia&#46; Observou&#8208;se risco aumentado de interrup&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970 &#40;HR &#61; 1&#44;36&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e menor risco na d&#233;cada de 2000 &#40;HR &#61; 0&#44;52&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; As curvas de sobrevida para o aleitamento materno s&#227;o apresentadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#44; na qual se destaca a menor probabilidade de uma m&#227;e permanecer amamentando ao longo dos primeiros 12 meses de vida de seu filho na d&#233;cada de 1970 e maior incremento da dura&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo de 2000&#8208;09&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> s&#227;o apresentadas as estimativas do modelo de Cox para associa&#231;&#245;es entre covari&#225;veis e o tempo de aleitamento para cada d&#233;cada estudada&#46; Associa&#231;&#245;es estatisticamente significativas&#44; com a renda e a idade da m&#227;e&#44; concentraram&#8208;se na d&#233;cada de 1970&#46; Mulheres mais idosas &#40;3&#176; ter&#231;o&#41; apresentaram risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno 39&#37; maior quando comparadas com as mais jovens &#40;1&#176; ter&#231;o&#41;&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; renda domiciliar&#44; participantes no segundo e terceiro ter&#231;os &#40;maior renda <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span>&#41; apresentaram maior risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970&#59; na d&#233;cada de 2000 houve uma invers&#227;o da associa&#231;&#227;o&#44; em quem mulheres do segundo ter&#231;o de renda apresentaram menor risco&#46; As mulheres que se declararam de cor preta tiveram menor risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno quando comparadas com as de cor branca nas d&#233;cadas de 1960 e 1970 e quando comparadas com as de cor branca e parda na d&#233;cada de 1980&#46; O tipo de parto n&#227;o se associou ao risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo investigou a evolu&#231;&#227;o da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno entre as d&#233;cadas de 1960 e 2009 e observou inicial decl&#237;nio da dura&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970 em compara&#231;&#227;o com 1960 e posterior retomada nas d&#233;cadas seguintes&#46; O menor risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o foi observado no per&#237;odo 2000&#8208;09&#46; A evolu&#231;&#227;o da dura&#231;&#227;o aqui observada n&#227;o pode ser comparada de forma direta com outros estudos que avaliaram a dura&#231;&#227;o ao longo dos anos em fun&#231;&#227;o dos m&#233;todos empregados para an&#225;lise&#44; mas seguem padr&#245;es semelhantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> Na Pesquisa Nacional de Mortalidade Infantil e Planejamento Familiar &#40;PNMIPF&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> e Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Sa&#250;de &#40;PNDS&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> foram observadas&#44; respectivamente&#44; dura&#231;&#245;es medianas do aleitamento materno de 9 meses &#40;1986&#41; e 14 meses &#40;2006&#41;&#44; evolu&#231;&#227;o similar &#224; observada na Pesquisa Nacional de Preval&#234;ncia do Aleitamento Materno &#40;PPAM&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> feita nas capitais brasileiras em 1999 &#40;9&#44;8 meses&#41; e 2008 &#40;11&#44;3 meses&#41;&#46; Em S&#227;o Paulo&#44; em estudo de base hospitalar com informa&#231;&#245;es relativas aos anos de 1954 a 1985&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana da amamenta&#231;&#227;o era de aproximadamente 150 dias na d&#233;cada de 1960 e de 100 dias na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; com posterior aumento para mais de 100 dias na d&#233;cada seguinte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A menor dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno observada na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; comparada com a d&#233;cada anterior&#44; pode estar associada a distintos e complexos determinantes socioculturais&#44; como a crescente inser&#231;&#227;o da mulher no mercado de trabalho e as mudan&#231;as de paradigma frente &#224; natureza do aleitamento materno&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> constructos esses dif&#237;ceis de serem mensurados com dados dispon&#237;veis em estudos&#46; Contudo&#44; &#233; consensual entre os autores que estudaram esse per&#237;odo que esse decl&#237;nio coincide com o auge das pr&#225;ticas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marketing</span> e venda que ocorriam sem regulamenta&#231;&#227;o por parte da ind&#250;stria de alimentos no Brasil e no mundo nesse per&#237;odo e com a arregimenta&#231;&#227;o de profissionais de sa&#250;de que estimulavam o uso de f&#243;rmulas infantis&#44; ent&#227;o denominadas &#8220;substitutas do leite materno&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8208;9&#44;13&#44;20</span></a> Vale ressaltar que o decl&#237;nio na dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o nos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos j&#225; ocorria em per&#237;odo anterior &#40;anos 1930&#41;&#44; com resgate da pr&#225;tica de amamenta&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m ap&#243;s a d&#233;cada de 1970&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No contexto internacional&#44; a preval&#234;ncia e a dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno s&#227;o menores em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e&#44; ainda assim&#44; nos pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento a preval&#234;ncia do aleitamento materno exclusivo &#233; de 37&#37;&#44; com grandes disparidades entre as m&#227;es mais pobres e mais ricas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Nesse cen&#225;rio desfavor&#225;vel ao aleitamento materno&#44; Rolins et al&#46; conduziram um estudo de caso publicado no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lancet Breastfeeding Series</span> no qual concluem que o Brasil &#233; um dos casos de sucesso de melhorias nos padr&#245;es de amamenta&#231;&#227;o devido ao envolvimento da sociedade e forte apoio e investimento do governo para a ado&#231;&#227;o de pr&#225;ticas como o monitoramento do c&#243;digo internacional&#44; a ado&#231;&#227;o de licen&#231;a maternidade paga e a implanta&#231;&#227;o de uma rede de bancos de leite humano e de hospitais amigos da crian&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na an&#225;lise dos fatores associados ao risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno destacaram&#8208;se a renda e a idade da m&#227;e&#46; M&#227;es de idade mais elevada apresentaram risco maior para desmame quando comparadas com as m&#227;es mais jovens&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; m&#227;es no estrato de renda mais elevado apresentaram risco maior de desmame comparadas com as de menor rendimento&#44; padr&#227;o semelhante ao encontrado em distintos grupos e pa&#237;ses de todas as regi&#245;es&#58; ao analisar 98 inqu&#233;ritos de pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento&#44; Victora et al&#46; identificaram que&#44; independentemente do pa&#237;s e da regi&#227;o mundial&#44; m&#227;es pertencentes aos estratos mais pobres amamentam por mais tempo do que as mais ricas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> De forma interessante&#44; essas diferen&#231;as se concentraram na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; mesmo per&#237;odo em que foi observada menor dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno&#46; A renda mais elevada favorecia o desmame por permitir a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de leites artificiais&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> em um contexto de importante influ&#234;ncia da ind&#250;stria e de desconstru&#231;&#227;o dos benef&#237;cios da amamenta&#231;&#227;o natural&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Merece destaque&#44; entretanto&#44; a invers&#227;o na rela&#231;&#227;o entre renda e desmame observada na d&#233;cada de 2000&#44; cujas m&#227;es de maior rendimento apresentaram menor risco de desmame &#40;ainda que estatisticamente significante somente para o estrato intermedi&#225;rio&#41;&#46; Essa mudan&#231;a pode ser entendida como um reflexo da transforma&#231;&#227;o da percep&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;es em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; import&#226;ncia do aleitamento materno&#44; fruto do esfor&#231;o de movimentos pr&#243;&#8208;amamenta&#231;&#227;o e da legisla&#231;&#227;o que regulamentou a publicidade de leites artificiais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De fato&#44; dados de inqu&#233;ritos nacionais &#40;1975&#47;1989&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> j&#225; sinalizavam essa tend&#234;ncia&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o entre a dura&#231;&#227;o da amamenta&#231;&#227;o e a renda apresentava&#8208;se inversamente associada em 1975&#44; era quatro vezes maior em crian&#231;as de menor renda comparadas com as de maior renda&#46; Em 1989&#44; essa diferen&#231;a diminui para menos do que o dobro e deixou de ser inversamente linear considerando todos os estratos de renda&#46; Ademais&#44; esse fen&#244;meno se repete em 66 pa&#237;ses estudados desde a d&#233;cada de 1990&#44; nos quais mulheres dos quintos mais pobres amamentam por mais tempo do que as mulheres dos quintos mais ricos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; cor&#47;etnia&#44; verificou&#8208;se no presente estudo uma dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno menor entre m&#227;es brancas em compara&#231;&#227;o com as m&#227;es de cor preta&#46; &#201; poss&#237;vel que haja influ&#234;ncias culturais sobre os padr&#245;es de alimenta&#231;&#227;o infantil em diferentes grupos &#233;tnicos&#59; por&#233;m&#44; h&#225; poucas evid&#234;ncias a respeito e desconhecem&#8208;se como tais padr&#245;es t&#234;m se modificado e se t&#234;m sido influenciados por pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algumas limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo devem ser destacadas&#46; Primeiro&#44; as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a renda domiciliar s&#227;o referentes &#224; &#233;poca da entrevista&#44; e n&#227;o do nascimento do filho&#59; entretanto&#44; como essa renda foi categorizada em termos relativos &#40;ter&#231;os&#41;&#44; &#233; poss&#237;vel que essas posi&#231;&#245;es tenham se mantido est&#225;veis&#46; Segundo&#44; o menor tamanho amostral nas d&#233;cadas de 1960 e 2000 reduziu o poder estat&#237;stico para detectar diferen&#231;as entre as vari&#225;veis nesses per&#237;odos&#59; cabe notar&#44; no entanto&#44; que nas d&#233;cadas de 1980 e 1990 o tamanho amostral foi maior e n&#227;o foram observadas nesses per&#237;odos diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; amamenta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Quanto ao poss&#237;vel vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria&#44; um estudo de teste&#8208;reteste sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o autorrelatada do aleitamento materno foi conduzido em uma subpopula&#231;&#227;o de mulheres acompanhadas desde 1999 no EPS&#59; a confiabilidade de curto prazo &#40;14 dias&#41; e de longo prazo &#40;13 anos&#41; foi considerada adequada&#44; indicou que o vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria pode n&#227;o ser importante no estudo &#40;Robaina et al&#46;&#44; no prelo&#41;&#46; A validade externa do estudo pode ser questionada&#44; mas a semelhan&#231;a com a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos padr&#245;es de aleitamento materno observados no n&#237;vel nacional permite&#44; ao menos&#44; levantar hip&#243;teses sobre a evolu&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno desde a d&#233;cada de 1960&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados apresentados neste estudo mostraram a din&#226;mica da evolu&#231;&#227;o da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno no decorrer das d&#233;cadas&#44; com menor dura&#231;&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1970 em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; d&#233;cada anterior e subsequente aumento da dura&#231;&#227;o nas d&#233;cadas seguintes&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foram observadas diferen&#231;as individuais mais marcantes entre a popula&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;es na d&#233;cada de 1970&#46; O decorrente aumento da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno nas d&#233;cadas seguintes sugere que a ado&#231;&#227;o de pol&#237;ticas&#44; normas e pr&#225;ticas em favor da promo&#231;&#227;o&#44; prote&#231;&#227;o e apoio ao aleitamento materno&#44; adotadas a partir da d&#233;cada de 1980&#44; foram favor&#225;veis a essa pr&#225;tica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiamento</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#40;Faperj&#41; e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico &#40;CNPq&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Survival analysis"
            2 => "Child health"
            3 => "Time series"
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          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
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            0 => "Aleitamento materno"
            1 => "An&#225;lise de sobrevida"
            2 => "Sa&#250;de da crian&#231;a"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe a historical series on the median duration of breastfeeding in a population of mothers whose children were born from the 1960s onwards&#44; identifying factors associated with the interruption of breastfeeding in each decade&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data were analyzed from the Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de Study&#44; a longitudinal epidemiological investigation started in 1999 among technical and administrative employees of a university in the state of Rio de Janeiro&#46; Breastfeeding duration was collected in two study phases&#58; phase 1 &#40;1999&#41;&#44; and phase 4 &#40;2011&#8208;2012&#41;&#46; Of these&#44; those who had at least one child and reported the duration of breastfeeding for the first child were selected &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1539&#41;&#46; To analyze the duration of breastfeeding&#44; survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan&#8208;Meier method and the effect of covariates on the duration of breastfeeding was estimated by Cox regression model&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It was found that the median duration of breastfeeding was higher in the 1990s and 2000s and lower in the 1970s&#44; compared to the 1960s&#46; In addition&#44; there was an association between higher income and maternal age with breastfeeding interruption&#44; which was focused in the 1970s&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was shorter duration of breastfeeding in the 1970s compared to the 1960s&#46; Increased duration and prevalence of breastfeeding from the 1970s onwards coincided with the national trend and the promotion of this practice since 1980&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descrever uma s&#233;rie hist&#243;rica sobre a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana da amamenta&#231;&#227;o em popula&#231;&#227;o de m&#227;es com crian&#231;as nascidas a partir da d&#233;cada de 1960 e identificar fatores associados &#224; sua interrup&#231;&#227;o em cada d&#233;cada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados dados de 1&#46;539 participantes do Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de &#40;EPS&#41;&#44; uma investiga&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica longitudinal iniciada em 1999 entre trabalhadores t&#233;cnico&#8208;administrativos de uma universidade no Estado do Rio de Janeiro&#46; Foram usadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno do primeiro filho coletadas em duas fases do EPS &#40;1999 e 2011&#8208;12&#41;&#46; Para an&#225;lise da dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno foram constru&#237;das curvas de sobrevida pelo m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meier e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com covari&#225;veis foi estimada pelo modelo de regress&#227;o de Cox&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Verificou&#8208;se que a dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno foi maior nas d&#233;cadas de 1990 e 2000 e menor na d&#233;cada de 1970&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com a d&#233;cada de 1960&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; houve associa&#231;&#227;o entre maior renda e faixa et&#225;ria maternas com interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno&#44; que se concentrou na d&#233;cada de 1970&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observou&#8208;se menor dura&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno na d&#233;cada de 1970 em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; d&#233;cada de 1960&#46; O aumento da dura&#231;&#227;o e das preval&#234;ncias de amamenta&#231;&#227;o a partir da d&#233;cada de 1970 coincidiu com a tend&#234;ncia nacional e com a promo&#231;&#227;o dessa pr&#225;tica a partir de 1980&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Como citar este artigo&#58; Oliveira DS&#44; Boccolini CS&#44; Faerstein E&#44; Verly&#8208;Jr E&#46; Breastfeeding duration and associated factors between 1960 and 2000&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2017&#59;93&#58;130&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">Trabalho vinculado &#224; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro &#40;Uerj&#41;&#44; Rio de Janeiro&#44; RJ&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Curvas de sobrevida para o tempo de aleitamento materno segundo d&#233;cada de nascimento do primeiro filho&#46; Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de&#44; 1999 e 2011&#8208;2012&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1970&#8208;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#8208;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#8208;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1980&#8208;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#8208;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#8208;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#8208;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1990&#8208;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#8208;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#8208;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#8208;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2000&#8208;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#8208;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#8208;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#8208;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1376163.png"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ter&#231;os da idade das m&#227;es &#40;em anos&#41; segundo d&#233;cada de nascimento do filho&#46; Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de&#44; 1999 e 2011&#8208;2012</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "identificador" => "at2"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">D&#233;cada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Amamenta&#231;&#227;o &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mediana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p25&#8208;p75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1960&#8208;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">182&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">168 &#40;92&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#8208;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1970&#8208;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">324&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">292 &#40;90&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;36 &#40;1&#44;08&#8208;1&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1980&#8208;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">592&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">549 &#40;92&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#8208;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;11 &#40;0&#44;90&#8208;1&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1990&#8208;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">465&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">431 &#40;92&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#8208;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;80 &#40;0&#44;65&#8208;1&#44;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2000&#8208;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;96&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#8208;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;52 &#40;0&#44;39&#8208;0&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1376165.png"
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          ]
          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Total de mulheres que tiveram o primeiro filho&#44; por d&#233;cada&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Frequ&#234;ncia e percentual de mulheres que relataram ter amamentado&#44; por d&#233;cada&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Dura&#231;&#227;o mediana do aleitamento materno&#44; em meses&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Raz&#227;o de Hazard&#46; A d&#233;cada de 1960 &#233; a categoria de refer&#234;ncia&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o das mulheres que amamentaram&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o mediana e risco de interrup&#231;&#227;o do aleitamento materno no primeiro ano de vida por d&#233;cada de nascimento do primeiro filho&#46; Estudo Pr&#243;&#8208;Sa&#250;de&#44; 1999 e 2011&#8208;2012</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">D&#233;cadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1960</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1970</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1980</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1990</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2000</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade da m&#227;e</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">158&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">212&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Renda</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">172&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#176; ter&#231;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">111&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parto</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ces&#225;rea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">306&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">114&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">209&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">244&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="21" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cor&#47;etnia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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