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no adulto e contribuem ainda para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Desse modo&#44; a identifica&#231;&#227;o e o tratamento precoce da hipertens&#227;o na inf&#226;ncia podem prevenir desfechos adversos futuros&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> recomenda que seja aferida a press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; a partir dos tr&#234;s anos&#44; anualmente&#44; ou antes disso&#44; quando houver fatores de risco&#46; No entanto&#44; a metodologia complexa estabelecida para verifica&#231;&#227;o da PA em crian&#231;as faz com que muitos profissionais a excluam de sua rotina ou interpretem os valores aferidos de forma incorreta&#44; o que pode resultar em subdiagn&#243;stico e consequ&#234;ncias indesej&#225;veis para esses indiv&#237;duos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Assim&#44; provavelmente&#44; devido a esses fatores&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o arterial elevada no grupo infanto&#8208;juvenil foi durante muito tempo considerada insignificante&#46; No entanto&#44; diversas pesquisas identificaram que esse problema tem sido comum nessa fase da vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;11</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como acontece com a maioria das doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis&#44; a hipertens&#227;o tem como fatores de risco componentes gen&#233;ticos&#44; estilo de vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;12</span></a> e pr&#225;ticas alimentares inadequadas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10</span></a> Alguns estudos t&#234;m sugerido que a amamenta&#231;&#227;o pode tamb&#233;m ser um importante fator protetor contra doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#44; hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; dislipidemia e obesidade durante a inf&#226;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; o efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados ainda &#233; controverso&#46; Apesar de algumas pesquisas terem identificado esse efeito&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;14</span></a> outras n&#227;o observaram&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para Balaban e Silva&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> as experi&#234;ncias nutricionais nos primeiros meses de vida do indiv&#237;duo podem afetar sua suscetibilidade para doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas na idade adulta&#44; 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este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se o aleitamento materno nos primeiros meses de vida tem influ&#234;ncia na press&#227;o arterial de pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Sujeitos e local de estudo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trata&#8208;se de um estudo transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascimento da cidade de Diamantina&#44; Minas Gerais&#44; Brasil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Detalhes da forma&#231;&#227;o da coorte e do estudo transversal foram descritos em outra publica&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Na presente pesquisa as crian&#231;as da coorte supracitada estavam com cinco anos&#44; com varia&#231;&#227;o de quatro meses para mais ou para menos&#44; e foram submetidas a avalia&#231;&#245;es antropom&#233;tricas&#44; socioecon&#244;micas e de press&#227;o arterial&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diamantina fica no Vale do Jequitinhonha&#44; em Minas Gerais&#44; Brasil&#46; Tem uma taxa de alfabetiza&#231;&#227;o de 83&#44;4&#37; e &#237;ndice de desenvolvimento humano de 0&#44;748&#46; Entre os domic&#237;lios&#44; 90&#44;76&#37; s&#227;o abastecidos com &#225;gua tratada&#44; 70&#44;7&#37; com sistema de esgoto e 69&#44;67&#37; com coleta de lixo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados desta pesquisa foram coletados entre 2004 e 2005 e entre 2009 e 2010&#46; No primeiro per&#237;odo foram coletados por uma nutricionista e discentes do Curso de Nutri&#231;&#227;o da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri &#40;UFVJM&#41; e no segundo per&#237;odo por quatro nutricionistas e uma discente do Curso de Nutri&#231;&#227;o da referida Universidade&#46; Antes do in&#237;cio do estudo&#44; as pesquisadoras foram treinadas para padroniza&#231;&#227;o das medidas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada crian&#231;a foi visitada em seu domic&#237;lio em ambos os per&#237;odos de estudo&#46; No primeiro todas as vari&#225;veis foram avaliadas no domic&#237;lio e no segundo foi feita uma visita domiciliar no qual foi aplicado um question&#225;rio ao respons&#225;vel pela crian&#231;a e em seguida foram agendados dia e hor&#225;rio para aferi&#231;&#227;o de medidas antropom&#233;tricas e de press&#227;o arterial das crian&#231;as e de suas m&#227;es&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Vari&#225;veis estudadas</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentre as vari&#225;veis avaliadas&#44; as usadas neste estudo s&#227;o o &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#44; a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;CC&#41;&#44; a renda familiar&#44; o n&#250;mero de moradores no domic&#237;lio e a press&#227;o arterial das crian&#231;as aos cinco anos e de suas m&#227;es&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foram usadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre peso corporal ao nascimento e tempo de aleitamento materno nos primeiros meses de vida&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O peso das crian&#231;as foi aferido com balan&#231;a Kratos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> port&#225;til &#40;Kratos&#174;&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#41;&#44; eletr&#244;nica e digital&#44; com capacidade m&#225;xima de 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg e divis&#245;es de 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; e a altura&#44; em estadi&#244;metro Altura Exata<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Alturexata&#174;&#44; MG&#44; Brasil&#41; com escala de precis&#227;o de 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; A medida da CC foi feita com fita m&#233;trica inextens&#237;vel no ponto m&#233;dio entre a crista il&#237;aca e a &#250;ltima costela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Essas medidas foram aferidas segundo protocolos recomendados por Jelliffe&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> nas depend&#234;ncias da UFVJM&#44; no per&#237;odo matutino&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O ponto de corte &#8805; 1 escore Z identificou crian&#231;as com excesso de peso de acordo com o IMC&#47;idade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">softwares</span> WHO Anthro 2005 vers&#227;o 2&#46;0&#46;1 e WHO Anthro Plus 2009 vers&#227;o 3 foram usados para identifica&#231;&#227;o dos escores Z das crian&#231;as&#46; Vale destacar que foram usados os dois <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">softwares</span> tendo em vista que a idade das crian&#231;as durante a coleta de dados foi cinco anos com varia&#231;&#227;o de quatro meses para mais ou para menos&#46; Para an&#225;lise da vari&#225;vel CC definiram&#8208;se como categoria de risco valores acima do percentil 75&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A renda familiar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span> da crian&#231;a foi calculada a partir de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a renda familiar total e n&#250;mero de moradores no domic&#237;lio&#46; No per&#237;odo da pesquisa o sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo vigente era de R&#36; 540&#46; Essas informa&#231;&#245;es foram obtidas por meio de um question&#225;rio estruturado aplicado &#224; m&#227;e ou ao respons&#225;vel pela crian&#231;a no domic&#237;lio&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A press&#227;o arterial foi aferida numa &#250;nica ocasi&#227;o&#44; com tr&#234;s medidas num intervalo de 5 minutos cada&#44; precedidos por 10 minutos de descanso&#46; A m&#233;dia das tr&#234;s medidas foi usada para a an&#225;lise&#46; Foram usados monitores autom&#225;ticos de bra&#231;o modelo Omron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Omron&#174;&#44; Pa&#237;ses Baixos&#41; HEM&#8208;714INT e 781INT para avaliar PA dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e de suas m&#227;es&#44; respectivamente&#46; Essa medida ocorreu segundo orienta&#231;&#245;es dos fabricantes dos aparelhos&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A classifica&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial seguiu crit&#233;rios da VI Diretrizes de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> as quais consideram para crian&#231;as e adolescentes valores de PA de acordo com os percentis de estatura para ambos os sexos abaixo do percentil 90 como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">normotens&#227;o</span>&#44; desde que inferiores a 120&#47;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#59; entre os percentis 90 e 95&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">lim&#237;trofe</span>&#44; e igual ou superior ao percentil 95&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hipertens&#227;o arterial</span>&#46; Neste estudo&#44; para os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#44; foram considerados &#8220;PA elevada&#8221; valores acima do percentil 90 e para as m&#227;es&#44; valores maiores ou igual a 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O aleitamento materno foi definido de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Assim&#44; as crian&#231;as que permaneceram em aleitamento materno at&#233; os seis meses&#44; independentemente da introdu&#231;&#227;o de outros alimentos&#44; foram consideradas em aleitamento materno&#46; Os dados sobre a pr&#225;tica de aleitamento materno foram obtidos prospectivamente&#44; a partir do estudo de coorte&#44; quando as crian&#231;as foram visitadas&#44; tamb&#233;m no domic&#237;lio&#44; com periodicidade mensal&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo usou dados de dois estudos maiores intitulados &#8220;Alimenta&#231;&#227;o e crescimento no primeiro ano de vida&#58; um estudo de coorte&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> e &#8220;Determinantes do estado nutricional de crian&#231;as aos cinco anos de idade do munic&#237;pio de Diamantina&#58; estudo de uma coorte avaliada no primeiro ano de vida&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Ambos foram aprovados pelos Comit&#234;s de &#201;tica da UFVJM&#44; cujos n&#250;meros de protocolos s&#227;o 011&#47;05 e 039&#47;08&#44; respectivamente&#46; Para participar do estudo&#44; os pais ou respons&#225;veis pelas crian&#231;as assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica foi usada para determinar a influ&#234;ncia do aleitamento materno na presen&#231;a de press&#227;o arterial elevada nos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46; Inicialmente&#44; fez&#8208;se a an&#225;lise bivariada&#44; aquelas vari&#225;veis que apresentaram valor de p menor do que 20&#37; foram selecionadas para a an&#225;lise multivariada&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia definido para rejei&#231;&#227;o da hip&#243;tese de nulidade foi de 95&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O poder da amostra foi calculado a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">posteriori</span> com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> estat&#237;stico G&#42;Power&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Para essa an&#225;lise os par&#226;metros usados foram raz&#227;o de chances &#40;OR&#41; de 2&#44;6 para press&#227;o arterial elevada &#40;PAS&#47;PAD&#41; segundo o per&#237;odo de aleitamento materno obtido na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica n&#227;o ajustada e probabilidade m&#225;xima de erro de 5&#37;&#46; O poder identificado foi de 99 e foi considerado amostra adequada&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo &#233; um transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascimento e como dito anteriormente a forma&#231;&#227;o da coorte e do acompanhamento das crian&#231;as foi anteriormente publicada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Assim na busca das crian&#231;as para este estudo optou&#8208;se por estudar os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares eleg&#237;veis para a coorte&#44; e n&#227;o apenas os que foram acompanhados no primeiro ano de vida para evitar perdas significativas e que invalidasse o presente estudo&#44; j&#225; que houve perda de algumas crian&#231;as durante o seguimento&#46; Assim sendo&#44; neste estudo tivemos uma perda de 49 pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliadas 230 crian&#231;as&#44; das quais 19 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41; foram classificadas como com press&#227;o arterial elevada&#44; ou seja&#44; com valores de PAS&#47;PAD superiores ao percentil 90&#59; 6&#44;5&#37; e 3&#44;9&#37; com PAS e PAD elevadas&#44; respectivamente&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de aleitamento materno no sexto m&#234;s de vida foi de aproximadamente 74&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados da an&#225;lise bivariada das vari&#225;veis associadas &#224; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; diast&#243;lica elevadas e ambas encontram&#8208;se na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; Observa&#8208;se que o peso ao nascimento e o tempo de aleitamento materno foram associados aos valores de PAS&#46; Nenhuma vari&#225;vel foi associada &#224; PAD&#59; no entanto&#44; o peso ao nascimento e tempo de aleitamento materno associaram&#8208;se aos valores de PAS&#47;PAD &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No modelo ajustado&#44; o peso ao nascimento e o tempo de aleitamento materno permaneceram associados &#224; PAS elevada e o tempo de aleitamento materno &#224; PAS&#47;PAD elevadas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares estudados a preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o arterial elevada encontra&#8208;se dentro das estat&#237;sticas nacionais&#46; Nossos achados apontam que as crian&#231;as que nasceram com baixo peso e aquelas que amamentaram por per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses apresentaram maior chance de estar com press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica elevada aos cinco anos&#46; A PAD elevada n&#227;o se associou a alguma vari&#225;vel avaliada e as crian&#231;as que foram amamentadas por per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses&#44; quando comparadas com as que amamentaram por per&#237;odo superior&#44; apresentarem maiores valores de PAS&#47;PAD&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No Brasil n&#227;o h&#225; estat&#237;stica nacional sobre preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o elevada no grupo infanto&#8208;juvenil&#44; o que dificulta o conhecimento do real problema enfrentado pelas nossas crian&#231;as&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; acredita&#8208;se que a press&#227;o arterial elevada na inf&#226;ncia seja rara e sua incid&#234;ncia acaba subestimada pela dificuldade de diagn&#243;stico&#44; que requer t&#233;cnica&#44; material e ambiente adequados para aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;27</span></a> Ademais&#44; por ser considerada pouco prevalente&#44; n&#227;o &#233; conduta rotineira a aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial em consultas de rotina desse grupo&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; vale destacar que as pesquisas citadas neste estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;11&#44;28</span></a> que avaliaram press&#227;o arterial elevada em crian&#231;as e&#47;ou adolescentes identificaram preval&#234;ncias de 1&#44;7 a 19&#44;9&#37;&#46; Nenhuma dessas pesquisas citou o hor&#225;rio em que foi medida a press&#227;o e houve tamb&#233;m varia&#231;&#227;o na metodologia de aferi&#231;&#227;o&#44; ou seja&#44; os aparelhos usados variaram de autom&#225;tico a esfigmoman&#244;metro aneroide&#44; e tamb&#233;m o n&#250;mero de medidas e intervalo entre as medidas&#59; essas varia&#231;&#245;es podem explicar diferen&#231;as nessas estat&#237;sticas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os pontos de corte usados para classifica&#231;&#227;o de press&#227;o arterial elevada variaram entre acima dos percentis 90 ou 95&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um aspecto importante que deve ser citado &#233; a possibilidade de a medida da press&#227;o ser resultante da s&#237;ndrome do avental branco&#44; uma vez que nesta pesquisa a press&#227;o foi aferida em uma &#250;nica ocasi&#227;o e para a maioria das crian&#231;as era a primeira vez que a press&#227;o arterial era medida&#46; Esse dificultador&#44; no entanto&#44; deve ser compartilhado pela maioria das pesquisas de cunho transversal&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vale destacar&#44; todavia&#44; que o cuidado no cumprimento da metodologia de aferi&#231;&#227;o pode ter minimizado esse problema&#46; Nesta pesquisa a PA foi avaliada no per&#237;odo matutino&#44; tr&#234;s medidas de press&#227;o foram feitas com intervalo de cinco minutos cada e a m&#233;dia foi usada para an&#225;lise&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o aparelho usado para essa medida disp&#245;e de um sistema autom&#225;tico que detecta arritmia e sensor de movimento do corpo&#44; dispositivos que orientaram as pesquisadoras sobre a possibilidade dessa s&#237;ndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre tempo de aleitamento materno e press&#227;o arterial&#44; nossos achados corroboram outras pesquisas&#44; que tamb&#233;m identificaram associa&#231;&#227;o entre menor tempo de aleitamento materno e aumento da press&#227;o arterial na inf&#226;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11&#44;14&#44;28&#44;29</span></a> No presente estudo as crian&#231;as que amamentaram por per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses apresentaram um risco 4 vezes maior de PAS elevada e 3 vezes maior de PAS&#47;PAD elevadas quando comparadas com foram amamentadas por per&#237;odo superior&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; importante ressaltar que o presente estudo &#233; transversal aninhado numa coorte e isso confere maior consist&#234;ncia aos achados&#44; tendo em vista que a coleta dos dados de aleitamento materno foi prospectiva&#44; ou seja&#44; ela foi avaliada mensalmente no primeiro ano de vida das crian&#231;as&#44; e isso reduziu um importante vi&#233;s&#44; que &#233; o de mem&#243;ria das m&#227;es sobre a pr&#225;tica alimentar de seus filhos&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim como neste estudo&#44; Amorin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> e Naghettini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> observaram m&#233;dia de press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica maior entre as crian&#231;as com menor tempo de aleitamento materno quando comparadas com aquelas com maior tempo&#46; Martin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> tamb&#233;m observaram resultado similar numa coorte de crian&#231;as do Reino Unido&#46; Esses pesquisadores observaram que aos sete anos e meio as crian&#231;as que foram amamentadas apresentaram press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica 1&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg e diast&#243;lica de 0&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg menor quando comparadas com aquelas que nunca amamentaram&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No estudo de Lawlor et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> com estudantes entre 9 e 15 anos&#44; os pesquisadores identificaram associa&#231;&#227;o significativa entre per&#237;odo de amamenta&#231;&#227;o e press&#227;o arterial&#44; com efeito dose&#8208;resposta&#44; ou seja&#44; maiores redu&#231;&#245;es na press&#227;o arterial ocorreu entre os com maior tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na presente pesquisa a preval&#234;ncia de PAD elevada foi menor do que PAS elevada&#44; o que justifica a aus&#234;ncia de associa&#231;&#227;o com as vari&#225;veis estudadas&#46; Esse resultado era esperado&#44; j&#225; que o grupo estudado &#233; de crian&#231;as em idade pr&#233;&#8208;escolar e sem diagn&#243;stico de alguma doen&#231;a que poderia afetar o sistema circulat&#243;rio&#46; E considerando que a medida de press&#227;o arterial avalia a contra&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca &#40;PAS&#41; e o subsequente impulso sangu&#237;neo &#224;s partes corporais extracard&#237;acas &#40;PAD&#41;&#44; o qual &#233; um indicativo da for&#231;a do fluxo nas art&#233;rias&#44; n&#227;o &#233; comum verificar esse tipo de altera&#231;&#227;o em crian&#231;as consideradas h&#237;gidas&#44; como nesta pesquisa&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na perspectiva dos mecanismos propostos j&#225; citados neste estudo sobre o efeito do leite materno sobre a press&#227;o arterial&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Forsyth et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> desenvolveram pesquisa na qual beb&#234;s foram alimentados no per&#237;odo neonatal com f&#243;rmula l&#225;ctea suplementada com &#225;cidos graxos poli&#8208;insaturados de cadeia longa&#46; Esses pesquisadores observaram que no fim da inf&#226;ncia essas crian&#231;as apresentaram uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg na press&#227;o arterial&#44; quando comparadas com crian&#231;as que receberam f&#243;rmula sem a suplementa&#231;&#227;o com esses &#225;cidos graxos&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora pesquisa desenvolvida por Yi et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> com crian&#231;as chinesas&#44; tenha identificado que hist&#243;ria familiar de hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; valores de circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e &#237;ndice de massa corporal foram associados com press&#227;o arterial das crian&#231;as avaliadas&#44; neste estudo essas vari&#225;veis n&#227;o foram associadas com PA dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares estudados&#46; No presente estudo&#44; foram vari&#225;veis de controle da rela&#231;&#227;o principal investigada&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma limita&#231;&#227;o do presente estudo &#233; a sua transversalidade&#44; o que dificulta identificar rela&#231;&#227;o causal&#46; Os ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados e estudo de coorte s&#227;o mais apropriados para identifica&#231;&#227;o de causalidade&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; outras vari&#225;veis como alimenta&#231;&#227;o e hipertens&#227;o paterna n&#227;o foram estudadas e podem exercer efeito de confundimento na associa&#231;&#227;o observada&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares amamentados por um per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses&#44; quando comparados com os que amamentaram por um per&#237;odo superior&#44; apresentaram maior chance de estar com press&#227;o arterial elevada&#44; o que sugere efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiamento</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais &#40;Fapemig&#41;&#44; processo APQ&#8208;00428&#8208;08&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-09-10"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Child"
            1 => "Breastfeeding"
            2 => "Blood pressure"
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec760952"
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            0 => "Crian&#231;a"
            1 => "Aleitamento materno"
            2 => "Press&#227;o arterial"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To investigate whether breastfeeding in early life affects blood pressure of preschoolers&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross&#8208;sectional study nested in a cohort from a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais&#44; Brazil&#46; All children in the cohort were invited for this study&#46; Thus&#44; between 2009 and 2010&#44; blood pressure of 230 preschool children and their mothers&#44; in addition to anthropometric variables&#44; previous history&#44; and socioeconomic status were evaluated&#46; Blood pressure measurement was assessed in the morning&#44; using automatic Omron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> HEM&#8208;714INT and HEM&#8208;781INT devices to measure the blood pressure of preschool children and their mothers&#44; respectively&#46; Logistic regression was used to study the association between breastfeeding and blood pressure&#46; The significance level was set at 5&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0915" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study identified 19 &#40;8&#46;26&#37;&#41; preschool children with high blood pressure &#40;values above the 90th percentile&#41;&#46; High systolic blood pressure was associated with low birth weight &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;41&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;45&#8211;20&#46;23&#41; and total breastfeeding duration of less than six months &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;14&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;40&#8211;11&#46;95&#41;&#46; High diastolic blood pressure was not associated with any variable&#44; whereas high systolic blood pressure&#47;diastolic blood pressure ratio was associated with breastfeeding duration of less than six months &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;48&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;34&#8211;9&#46;1&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study indicate that preschoolers breastfed for a period of less than six months were more likely to have high blood pressure when compared to those breastfed for a longer period&#44; suggesting a protective effect of breastfeeding against high blood pressure in this population&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar se aleitamento nos primeiros meses de vida tem influ&#234;ncia sobre a press&#227;o arterial de pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascidos num munic&#237;pio mineiro&#46; Foram convidadas todas as crian&#231;as da coorte&#46; Entre 2009 e 2010&#44; foram avaliados press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; de 230 pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e de suas m&#227;es&#44; al&#233;m de vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas e pregressas e condi&#231;&#227;o socioecon&#244;mica&#46; A medida da PA foi feita de manh&#227;&#44; com os monitores autom&#225;ticos de bra&#231;o Omron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> modelo HEM&#8208;714INT e HEM&#8208;781INT para medir a press&#227;o arterial dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e de suas m&#227;es&#44; respectivamente&#46; Para o estudo da rela&#231;&#227;o entre aleitamento materno e press&#227;o arterial usou&#8208;se a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi 5&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificados 19 &#40;8&#44;26&#37;&#41; pr&#233;&#8208;escolares com press&#227;o arterial elevada &#40;valores acima do percentil 90&#41;&#46; A press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; elevada se associou ao baixo peso ao nascimento &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;41&#59; IC 95&#37;&#61; 1&#44;45&#8208;20&#44;23&#41; e ao per&#237;odo total de aleitamento materno inferior a seis meses &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;14&#59; IC 95&#37;&#61; 1&#44;40&#8208;11&#44;95&#41;&#46; Elevada press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#41; n&#227;o se associou a qualquer vari&#225;vel e a PAS&#47;PAD elevadas se associaram ao per&#237;odo de aleitamento materno inferior a seis meses &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;48&#59; IC 95&#37;&#61; 1&#44;34&#8208;9&#44;1&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares amamentados por um per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses&#44; quando comparados com os que amamentaram por um per&#237;odo superior&#44; apresentaram maior chance de estar com press&#227;o arterial elevada&#44; o que sugere efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Como citar este artigo&#58; Nobre LN&#44; Lessa AC&#46; Influence of breastfeeding in the first months of life on blood pressure levels of preschool children&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;588&#8211;94&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS&#47;PAD da crian&#231;a &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">211&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS&#47;PAD da m&#227;e &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PAD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PAS&#47;PAD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;3&#8208;9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Excesso de peso &#40;Kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;4&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;2&#8208;3&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CC &#40;cm&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;p75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;4&#8208;9&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;7&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS&#47;PAD da m&#227;e &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;4&#8208;5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;8&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;5&#8208;4&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Renda per capita &#40;R&#36;&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;&#189; SM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;&#189; SM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;2&#8208;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8208;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;2&#8208;3&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PAS&#47;PAD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peso ao nascer &#40;kg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;5&#8208;23&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;6&#8208;10&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;171&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aleitamento total &#40;meses&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo original
Influence of breastfeeding in the first months of life on blood pressure levels of preschool children
Influência do aleitamento materno nos primeiros meses de vida na pressão arterial de pré‐escolares
Luciana Neri Nobre
Autor para correspondência
lunerinobre@yahoo.com.br

Autor para correspondência.
, Angelina do Carmo Lessa
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algumas doen&#231;as usualmente frequentes em adultos t&#234;m atingido crian&#231;as de forma preocupante&#59; dentre elas podem ser citadas o excesso de peso e press&#227;o arterial elevada&#46; O excesso de peso &#8211; sobrepeso&#47;obesidade &#8211; tem sido considerado uma epidemia mundial&#46; A Pesquisa de Or&#231;amento Familiar de 2008&#8208;2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> revelou que esse problema tem atingindo aproximadamente 33&#44;5&#37; das crian&#231;as brasileiras entre cinco e nove anos&#46; De acordo com Friedman et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> o excesso de peso geralmente acompanha aumento da press&#227;o arterial&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados na inf&#226;ncia aumentam a chance de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica &#40;HAS&#41; no adulto e contribuem ainda para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Desse modo&#44; a identifica&#231;&#227;o e o tratamento precoce da hipertens&#227;o na inf&#226;ncia podem prevenir desfechos adversos futuros&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> recomenda que seja aferida a press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; a partir dos tr&#234;s anos&#44; anualmente&#44; ou antes disso&#44; quando houver fatores de risco&#46; No entanto&#44; a metodologia complexa estabelecida para verifica&#231;&#227;o da PA em crian&#231;as faz com que muitos profissionais a excluam de sua rotina ou interpretem os valores aferidos de forma incorreta&#44; o que pode resultar em subdiagn&#243;stico e consequ&#234;ncias indesej&#225;veis para esses indiv&#237;duos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Assim&#44; provavelmente&#44; devido a esses fatores&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o arterial elevada no grupo infanto&#8208;juvenil foi durante muito tempo considerada insignificante&#46; No entanto&#44; diversas pesquisas identificaram que esse problema tem sido comum nessa fase da vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;11</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como acontece com a maioria das doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis&#44; a hipertens&#227;o tem como fatores de risco componentes gen&#233;ticos&#44; estilo de vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;12</span></a> e pr&#225;ticas alimentares inadequadas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10</span></a> Alguns estudos t&#234;m sugerido que a amamenta&#231;&#227;o pode tamb&#233;m ser um importante fator protetor contra doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#44; hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; dislipidemia e obesidade durante a inf&#226;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; o efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados ainda &#233; controverso&#46; Apesar de algumas pesquisas terem identificado esse efeito&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;14</span></a> outras n&#227;o observaram&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para Balaban e Silva&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> as experi&#234;ncias nutricionais nos primeiros meses de vida do indiv&#237;duo podem afetar sua suscetibilidade para doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas na idade adulta&#44; o que tem sido chamado de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">imprinting</span> metab&#243;lico&#44; termo que descreve um fen&#244;meno pelo qual uma experi&#234;ncia nutricional precoce atuaria durante um per&#237;odo cr&#237;tico e espec&#237;fico de desenvolvimento e poderia levar a uma programa&#231;&#227;o de mecanismos regulat&#243;rios&#44; por exemplo&#44; de regula&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial ao longo da vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nesse sentido&#44; Horta et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> citam que diferentes mecanismos biol&#243;gicos podem atuar nessa programa&#231;&#227;o&#44; dentre os quais a grande concentra&#231;&#227;o de &#225;cidos graxos poliinsaturados de cadeia longa&#44; que s&#227;o componentes estruturais importantes das membranas celulares&#44; inclusive do endot&#233;lio vascular&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando os aspectos apresentados acima&#44; este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se o aleitamento materno nos primeiros meses de vida tem influ&#234;ncia na press&#227;o arterial de pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Sujeitos e local de estudo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trata&#8208;se de um estudo transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascimento da cidade de Diamantina&#44; Minas Gerais&#44; Brasil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Detalhes da forma&#231;&#227;o da coorte e do estudo transversal foram descritos em outra publica&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Na presente pesquisa as crian&#231;as da coorte supracitada estavam com cinco anos&#44; com varia&#231;&#227;o de quatro meses para mais ou para menos&#44; e foram submetidas a avalia&#231;&#245;es antropom&#233;tricas&#44; socioecon&#244;micas e de press&#227;o arterial&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diamantina fica no Vale do Jequitinhonha&#44; em Minas Gerais&#44; Brasil&#46; Tem uma taxa de alfabetiza&#231;&#227;o de 83&#44;4&#37; e &#237;ndice de desenvolvimento humano de 0&#44;748&#46; Entre os domic&#237;lios&#44; 90&#44;76&#37; s&#227;o abastecidos com &#225;gua tratada&#44; 70&#44;7&#37; com sistema de esgoto e 69&#44;67&#37; com coleta de lixo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados desta pesquisa foram coletados entre 2004 e 2005 e entre 2009 e 2010&#46; No primeiro per&#237;odo foram coletados por uma nutricionista e discentes do Curso de Nutri&#231;&#227;o da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri &#40;UFVJM&#41; e no segundo per&#237;odo por quatro nutricionistas e uma discente do Curso de Nutri&#231;&#227;o da referida Universidade&#46; Antes do in&#237;cio do estudo&#44; as pesquisadoras foram treinadas para padroniza&#231;&#227;o das medidas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada crian&#231;a foi visitada em seu domic&#237;lio em ambos os per&#237;odos de estudo&#46; No primeiro todas as vari&#225;veis foram avaliadas no domic&#237;lio e no segundo foi feita uma visita domiciliar no qual foi aplicado um question&#225;rio ao respons&#225;vel pela crian&#231;a e em seguida foram agendados dia e hor&#225;rio para aferi&#231;&#227;o de medidas antropom&#233;tricas e de press&#227;o arterial das crian&#231;as e de suas m&#227;es&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Vari&#225;veis estudadas</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentre as vari&#225;veis avaliadas&#44; as usadas neste estudo s&#227;o o &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#44; a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;CC&#41;&#44; a renda familiar&#44; o n&#250;mero de moradores no domic&#237;lio e a press&#227;o arterial das crian&#231;as aos cinco anos e de suas m&#227;es&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foram usadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre peso corporal ao nascimento e tempo de aleitamento materno nos primeiros meses de vida&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O peso das crian&#231;as foi aferido com balan&#231;a Kratos<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> port&#225;til &#40;Kratos&#174;&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#41;&#44; eletr&#244;nica e digital&#44; com capacidade m&#225;xima de 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg e divis&#245;es de 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#59; e a altura&#44; em estadi&#244;metro Altura Exata<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Alturexata&#174;&#44; MG&#44; Brasil&#41; com escala de precis&#227;o de 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; A medida da CC foi feita com fita m&#233;trica inextens&#237;vel no ponto m&#233;dio entre a crista il&#237;aca e a &#250;ltima costela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Essas medidas foram aferidas segundo protocolos recomendados por Jelliffe&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> nas depend&#234;ncias da UFVJM&#44; no per&#237;odo matutino&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O ponto de corte &#8805; 1 escore Z identificou crian&#231;as com excesso de peso de acordo com o IMC&#47;idade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">softwares</span> WHO Anthro 2005 vers&#227;o 2&#46;0&#46;1 e WHO Anthro Plus 2009 vers&#227;o 3 foram usados para identifica&#231;&#227;o dos escores Z das crian&#231;as&#46; Vale destacar que foram usados os dois <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">softwares</span> tendo em vista que a idade das crian&#231;as durante a coleta de dados foi cinco anos com varia&#231;&#227;o de quatro meses para mais ou para menos&#46; Para an&#225;lise da vari&#225;vel CC definiram&#8208;se como categoria de risco valores acima do percentil 75&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A renda familiar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per capita</span> da crian&#231;a foi calculada a partir de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a renda familiar total e n&#250;mero de moradores no domic&#237;lio&#46; No per&#237;odo da pesquisa o sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo vigente era de R&#36; 540&#46; Essas informa&#231;&#245;es foram obtidas por meio de um question&#225;rio estruturado aplicado &#224; m&#227;e ou ao respons&#225;vel pela crian&#231;a no domic&#237;lio&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A press&#227;o arterial foi aferida numa &#250;nica ocasi&#227;o&#44; com tr&#234;s medidas num intervalo de 5 minutos cada&#44; precedidos por 10 minutos de descanso&#46; A m&#233;dia das tr&#234;s medidas foi usada para a an&#225;lise&#46; Foram usados monitores autom&#225;ticos de bra&#231;o modelo Omron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Omron&#174;&#44; Pa&#237;ses Baixos&#41; HEM&#8208;714INT e 781INT para avaliar PA dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e de suas m&#227;es&#44; respectivamente&#46; Essa medida ocorreu segundo orienta&#231;&#245;es dos fabricantes dos aparelhos&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A classifica&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial seguiu crit&#233;rios da VI Diretrizes de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> as quais consideram para crian&#231;as e adolescentes valores de PA de acordo com os percentis de estatura para ambos os sexos abaixo do percentil 90 como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">normotens&#227;o</span>&#44; desde que inferiores a 120&#47;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#59; entre os percentis 90 e 95&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">lim&#237;trofe</span>&#44; e igual ou superior ao percentil 95&#44; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hipertens&#227;o arterial</span>&#46; Neste estudo&#44; para os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#44; foram considerados &#8220;PA elevada&#8221; valores acima do percentil 90 e para as m&#227;es&#44; valores maiores ou igual a 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O aleitamento materno foi definido de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Assim&#44; as crian&#231;as que permaneceram em aleitamento materno at&#233; os seis meses&#44; independentemente da introdu&#231;&#227;o de outros alimentos&#44; foram consideradas em aleitamento materno&#46; Os dados sobre a pr&#225;tica de aleitamento materno foram obtidos prospectivamente&#44; a partir do estudo de coorte&#44; quando as crian&#231;as foram visitadas&#44; tamb&#233;m no domic&#237;lio&#44; com periodicidade mensal&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo usou dados de dois estudos maiores intitulados &#8220;Alimenta&#231;&#227;o e crescimento no primeiro ano de vida&#58; um estudo de coorte&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> e &#8220;Determinantes do estado nutricional de crian&#231;as aos cinco anos de idade do munic&#237;pio de Diamantina&#58; estudo de uma coorte avaliada no primeiro ano de vida&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Ambos foram aprovados pelos Comit&#234;s de &#201;tica da UFVJM&#44; cujos n&#250;meros de protocolos s&#227;o 011&#47;05 e 039&#47;08&#44; respectivamente&#46; Para participar do estudo&#44; os pais ou respons&#225;veis pelas crian&#231;as assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica foi usada para determinar a influ&#234;ncia do aleitamento materno na presen&#231;a de press&#227;o arterial elevada nos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46; Inicialmente&#44; fez&#8208;se a an&#225;lise bivariada&#44; aquelas vari&#225;veis que apresentaram valor de p menor do que 20&#37; foram selecionadas para a an&#225;lise multivariada&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia definido para rejei&#231;&#227;o da hip&#243;tese de nulidade foi de 95&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O poder da amostra foi calculado a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">posteriori</span> com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> estat&#237;stico G&#42;Power&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Para essa an&#225;lise os par&#226;metros usados foram raz&#227;o de chances &#40;OR&#41; de 2&#44;6 para press&#227;o arterial elevada &#40;PAS&#47;PAD&#41; segundo o per&#237;odo de aleitamento materno obtido na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica n&#227;o ajustada e probabilidade m&#225;xima de erro de 5&#37;&#46; O poder identificado foi de 99 e foi considerado amostra adequada&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo &#233; um transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascimento e como dito anteriormente a forma&#231;&#227;o da coorte e do acompanhamento das crian&#231;as foi anteriormente publicada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Assim na busca das crian&#231;as para este estudo optou&#8208;se por estudar os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares eleg&#237;veis para a coorte&#44; e n&#227;o apenas os que foram acompanhados no primeiro ano de vida para evitar perdas significativas e que invalidasse o presente estudo&#44; j&#225; que houve perda de algumas crian&#231;as durante o seguimento&#46; Assim sendo&#44; neste estudo tivemos uma perda de 49 pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliadas 230 crian&#231;as&#44; das quais 19 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41; foram classificadas como com press&#227;o arterial elevada&#44; ou seja&#44; com valores de PAS&#47;PAD superiores ao percentil 90&#59; 6&#44;5&#37; e 3&#44;9&#37; com PAS e PAD elevadas&#44; respectivamente&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de aleitamento materno no sexto m&#234;s de vida foi de aproximadamente 74&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados da an&#225;lise bivariada das vari&#225;veis associadas &#224; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; diast&#243;lica elevadas e ambas encontram&#8208;se na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; Observa&#8208;se que o peso ao nascimento e o tempo de aleitamento materno foram associados aos valores de PAS&#46; Nenhuma vari&#225;vel foi associada &#224; PAD&#59; no entanto&#44; o peso ao nascimento e tempo de aleitamento materno associaram&#8208;se aos valores de PAS&#47;PAD &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No modelo ajustado&#44; o peso ao nascimento e o tempo de aleitamento materno permaneceram associados &#224; PAS elevada e o tempo de aleitamento materno &#224; PAS&#47;PAD elevadas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares estudados a preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o arterial elevada encontra&#8208;se dentro das estat&#237;sticas nacionais&#46; Nossos achados apontam que as crian&#231;as que nasceram com baixo peso e aquelas que amamentaram por per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses apresentaram maior chance de estar com press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica elevada aos cinco anos&#46; A PAD elevada n&#227;o se associou a alguma vari&#225;vel avaliada e as crian&#231;as que foram amamentadas por per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses&#44; quando comparadas com as que amamentaram por per&#237;odo superior&#44; apresentarem maiores valores de PAS&#47;PAD&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No Brasil n&#227;o h&#225; estat&#237;stica nacional sobre preval&#234;ncia de press&#227;o elevada no grupo infanto&#8208;juvenil&#44; o que dificulta o conhecimento do real problema enfrentado pelas nossas crian&#231;as&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; acredita&#8208;se que a press&#227;o arterial elevada na inf&#226;ncia seja rara e sua incid&#234;ncia acaba subestimada pela dificuldade de diagn&#243;stico&#44; que requer t&#233;cnica&#44; material e ambiente adequados para aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;27</span></a> Ademais&#44; por ser considerada pouco prevalente&#44; n&#227;o &#233; conduta rotineira a aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial em consultas de rotina desse grupo&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; vale destacar que as pesquisas citadas neste estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;11&#44;28</span></a> que avaliaram press&#227;o arterial elevada em crian&#231;as e&#47;ou adolescentes identificaram preval&#234;ncias de 1&#44;7 a 19&#44;9&#37;&#46; Nenhuma dessas pesquisas citou o hor&#225;rio em que foi medida a press&#227;o e houve tamb&#233;m varia&#231;&#227;o na metodologia de aferi&#231;&#227;o&#44; ou seja&#44; os aparelhos usados variaram de autom&#225;tico a esfigmoman&#244;metro aneroide&#44; e tamb&#233;m o n&#250;mero de medidas e intervalo entre as medidas&#59; essas varia&#231;&#245;es podem explicar diferen&#231;as nessas estat&#237;sticas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os pontos de corte usados para classifica&#231;&#227;o de press&#227;o arterial elevada variaram entre acima dos percentis 90 ou 95&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um aspecto importante que deve ser citado &#233; a possibilidade de a medida da press&#227;o ser resultante da s&#237;ndrome do avental branco&#44; uma vez que nesta pesquisa a press&#227;o foi aferida em uma &#250;nica ocasi&#227;o e para a maioria das crian&#231;as era a primeira vez que a press&#227;o arterial era medida&#46; Esse dificultador&#44; no entanto&#44; deve ser compartilhado pela maioria das pesquisas de cunho transversal&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vale destacar&#44; todavia&#44; que o cuidado no cumprimento da metodologia de aferi&#231;&#227;o pode ter minimizado esse problema&#46; Nesta pesquisa a PA foi avaliada no per&#237;odo matutino&#44; tr&#234;s medidas de press&#227;o foram feitas com intervalo de cinco minutos cada e a m&#233;dia foi usada para an&#225;lise&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o aparelho usado para essa medida disp&#245;e de um sistema autom&#225;tico que detecta arritmia e sensor de movimento do corpo&#44; dispositivos que orientaram as pesquisadoras sobre a possibilidade dessa s&#237;ndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre tempo de aleitamento materno e press&#227;o arterial&#44; nossos achados corroboram outras pesquisas&#44; que tamb&#233;m identificaram associa&#231;&#227;o entre menor tempo de aleitamento materno e aumento da press&#227;o arterial na inf&#226;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11&#44;14&#44;28&#44;29</span></a> No presente estudo as crian&#231;as que amamentaram por per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses apresentaram um risco 4 vezes maior de PAS elevada e 3 vezes maior de PAS&#47;PAD elevadas quando comparadas com foram amamentadas por per&#237;odo superior&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; importante ressaltar que o presente estudo &#233; transversal aninhado numa coorte e isso confere maior consist&#234;ncia aos achados&#44; tendo em vista que a coleta dos dados de aleitamento materno foi prospectiva&#44; ou seja&#44; ela foi avaliada mensalmente no primeiro ano de vida das crian&#231;as&#44; e isso reduziu um importante vi&#233;s&#44; que &#233; o de mem&#243;ria das m&#227;es sobre a pr&#225;tica alimentar de seus filhos&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim como neste estudo&#44; Amorin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> e Naghettini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> observaram m&#233;dia de press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica maior entre as crian&#231;as com menor tempo de aleitamento materno quando comparadas com aquelas com maior tempo&#46; Martin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> tamb&#233;m observaram resultado similar numa coorte de crian&#231;as do Reino Unido&#46; Esses pesquisadores observaram que aos sete anos e meio as crian&#231;as que foram amamentadas apresentaram press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica 1&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg e diast&#243;lica de 0&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg menor quando comparadas com aquelas que nunca amamentaram&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No estudo de Lawlor et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> com estudantes entre 9 e 15 anos&#44; os pesquisadores identificaram associa&#231;&#227;o significativa entre per&#237;odo de amamenta&#231;&#227;o e press&#227;o arterial&#44; com efeito dose&#8208;resposta&#44; ou seja&#44; maiores redu&#231;&#245;es na press&#227;o arterial ocorreu entre os com maior tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na presente pesquisa a preval&#234;ncia de PAD elevada foi menor do que PAS elevada&#44; o que justifica a aus&#234;ncia de associa&#231;&#227;o com as vari&#225;veis estudadas&#46; Esse resultado era esperado&#44; j&#225; que o grupo estudado &#233; de crian&#231;as em idade pr&#233;&#8208;escolar e sem diagn&#243;stico de alguma doen&#231;a que poderia afetar o sistema circulat&#243;rio&#46; E considerando que a medida de press&#227;o arterial avalia a contra&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca &#40;PAS&#41; e o subsequente impulso sangu&#237;neo &#224;s partes corporais extracard&#237;acas &#40;PAD&#41;&#44; o qual &#233; um indicativo da for&#231;a do fluxo nas art&#233;rias&#44; n&#227;o &#233; comum verificar esse tipo de altera&#231;&#227;o em crian&#231;as consideradas h&#237;gidas&#44; como nesta pesquisa&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na perspectiva dos mecanismos propostos j&#225; citados neste estudo sobre o efeito do leite materno sobre a press&#227;o arterial&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Forsyth et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> desenvolveram pesquisa na qual beb&#234;s foram alimentados no per&#237;odo neonatal com f&#243;rmula l&#225;ctea suplementada com &#225;cidos graxos poli&#8208;insaturados de cadeia longa&#46; Esses pesquisadores observaram que no fim da inf&#226;ncia essas crian&#231;as apresentaram uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg na press&#227;o arterial&#44; quando comparadas com crian&#231;as que receberam f&#243;rmula sem a suplementa&#231;&#227;o com esses &#225;cidos graxos&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora pesquisa desenvolvida por Yi et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> com crian&#231;as chinesas&#44; tenha identificado que hist&#243;ria familiar de hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; valores de circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e &#237;ndice de massa corporal foram associados com press&#227;o arterial das crian&#231;as avaliadas&#44; neste estudo essas vari&#225;veis n&#227;o foram associadas com PA dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares estudados&#46; No presente estudo&#44; foram vari&#225;veis de controle da rela&#231;&#227;o principal investigada&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma limita&#231;&#227;o do presente estudo &#233; a sua transversalidade&#44; o que dificulta identificar rela&#231;&#227;o causal&#46; Os ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados e estudo de coorte s&#227;o mais apropriados para identifica&#231;&#227;o de causalidade&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; outras vari&#225;veis como alimenta&#231;&#227;o e hipertens&#227;o paterna n&#227;o foram estudadas e podem exercer efeito de confundimento na associa&#231;&#227;o observada&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares amamentados por um per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses&#44; quando comparados com os que amamentaram por um per&#237;odo superior&#44; apresentaram maior chance de estar com press&#227;o arterial elevada&#44; o que sugere efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiamento</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais &#40;Fapemig&#41;&#44; processo APQ&#8208;00428&#8208;08&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To investigate whether breastfeeding in early life affects blood pressure of preschoolers&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross&#8208;sectional study nested in a cohort from a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais&#44; Brazil&#46; All children in the cohort were invited for this study&#46; Thus&#44; between 2009 and 2010&#44; blood pressure of 230 preschool children and their mothers&#44; in addition to anthropometric variables&#44; previous history&#44; and socioeconomic status were evaluated&#46; Blood pressure measurement was assessed in the morning&#44; using automatic Omron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> HEM&#8208;714INT and HEM&#8208;781INT devices to measure the blood pressure of preschool children and their mothers&#44; respectively&#46; Logistic regression was used to study the association between breastfeeding and blood pressure&#46; The significance level was set at 5&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0915" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study identified 19 &#40;8&#46;26&#37;&#41; preschool children with high blood pressure &#40;values above the 90th percentile&#41;&#46; High systolic blood pressure was associated with low birth weight &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;41&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;45&#8211;20&#46;23&#41; and total breastfeeding duration of less than six months &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;14&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;40&#8211;11&#46;95&#41;&#46; High diastolic blood pressure was not associated with any variable&#44; whereas high systolic blood pressure&#47;diastolic blood pressure ratio was associated with breastfeeding duration of less than six months &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;48&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;34&#8211;9&#46;1&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study indicate that preschoolers breastfed for a period of less than six months were more likely to have high blood pressure when compared to those breastfed for a longer period&#44; suggesting a protective effect of breastfeeding against high blood pressure in this population&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar se aleitamento nos primeiros meses de vida tem influ&#234;ncia sobre a press&#227;o arterial de pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal aninhado numa coorte de nascidos num munic&#237;pio mineiro&#46; Foram convidadas todas as crian&#231;as da coorte&#46; Entre 2009 e 2010&#44; foram avaliados press&#227;o arterial &#40;PA&#41; de 230 pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e de suas m&#227;es&#44; al&#233;m de vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas e pregressas e condi&#231;&#227;o socioecon&#244;mica&#46; A medida da PA foi feita de manh&#227;&#44; com os monitores autom&#225;ticos de bra&#231;o Omron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> modelo HEM&#8208;714INT e HEM&#8208;781INT para medir a press&#227;o arterial dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares e de suas m&#227;es&#44; respectivamente&#46; Para o estudo da rela&#231;&#227;o entre aleitamento materno e press&#227;o arterial usou&#8208;se a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi 5&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificados 19 &#40;8&#44;26&#37;&#41; pr&#233;&#8208;escolares com press&#227;o arterial elevada &#40;valores acima do percentil 90&#41;&#46; A press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; elevada se associou ao baixo peso ao nascimento &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;41&#59; IC 95&#37;&#61; 1&#44;45&#8208;20&#44;23&#41; e ao per&#237;odo total de aleitamento materno inferior a seis meses &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;14&#59; IC 95&#37;&#61; 1&#44;40&#8208;11&#44;95&#41;&#46; Elevada press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#41; n&#227;o se associou a qualquer vari&#225;vel e a PAS&#47;PAD elevadas se associaram ao per&#237;odo de aleitamento materno inferior a seis meses &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;48&#59; IC 95&#37;&#61; 1&#44;34&#8208;9&#44;1&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os pr&#233;&#8208;escolares amamentados por um per&#237;odo inferior a seis meses&#44; quando comparados com os que amamentaram por um per&#237;odo superior&#44; apresentaram maior chance de estar com press&#227;o arterial elevada&#44; o que sugere efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#227;o"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Como citar este artigo&#58; Nobre LN&#44; Lessa AC&#46; Influence of breastfeeding in the first months of life on blood pressure levels of preschool children&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;588&#8211;94&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar1070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SM&#44; sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peso ao nascimento &#40;quilos&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aleitamento materno &#40;meses&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">169&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Excesso de peso atual &#40;IMC&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">190&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;p75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS da crian&#231;a &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">215&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">93&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAD da crian&#231;a &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS&#47;PAD da crian&#231;a &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">211&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS&#47;PAD da m&#227;e &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Renda per capita mensal &#40;R&#36;&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;&#189; SM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">198&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;2&#8208;2&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peso ao nascer &#40;kg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;6&#8208;20&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;7&#8208;20&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;7&#8208;10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aleitamento total &#40;meses&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;6&#8208;13&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&#8208;8&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;3&#8208;9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Excesso de peso &#40;Kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;4&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;2&#8208;3&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CC &#40;cm&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;p75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;4&#8208;9&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;7&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PAS&#47;PAD da m&#227;e &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;3&#8208;8&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Renda per capita &#40;R&#36;&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;&#189; SM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;&#189; SM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8208;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Valor refere a um sal&#225;rio m&#237;nimo &#40;SM&#41; de R&#36; 540&#46;</p>"
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
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            ]
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Odds ratio</span> bruta &#40;OR&#41; e seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a &#40;IC&#41; da an&#225;lise das vari&#225;veis associadas &#224; press&#227;o arterial dos pr&#233;&#8208;escolares&#46; Diamantina&#44; MG&#8208;2010</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pesquisa de or&#231;amentos familiares 2008&#8208;2009&#58; antropometria e estado nutricional de crian&#231;as&#44; adolescentes e adultos no Brasil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica &#40;IBGE&#41;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "editorial" => "IBGE"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Rio de Janeiro"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index&#58; systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Friedemann"
                            1 => "C&#46; Heneghan"
                            2 => "K&#46; Mahtani"
                            3 => "M&#46; Thompson"
                            4 => "R&#46; Perera"
                            5 => "A&#46;M&#46; Ward"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "345"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e4759"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015032"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia&#47;Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o&#47;Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arq Bras Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "51"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21340292"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patient&#8208;&#44; provider&#8208;&#44; and clinic&#8208;level predictors of unrecognized elevated blood pressure in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;M&#46; Brady"
                            1 => "B&#46;S&#46; Solomon"
                            2 => "A&#46;M&#46; Neu"
                            3 => "G&#46;K&#46; Siberry"
                            4 => "R&#46;S&#46; Parekh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2009-0555"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
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ISSN: 22555536
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