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        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Terapia antimicrobiana emp&#237;rica para sepse tardia na unidade neonatal com alta preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os microrganismos mais prevalentes na sepse neonatal tardia descritos na literatura internacional s&#227;o os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo &#40;SCN&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a> Embora as taxas de sepse confirmada em laborat&#243;rio devido a esses microrganismos variem de 30&#37; a 60&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> tamb&#233;m foram relatadas taxas mais elevadas&#46; Esses microrganismos representam 77&#44;9&#37; da sepse neonatal tardia em pa&#237;ses industrializados e 46&#44;5&#37; em regi&#245;es em desenvolvimento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Contudo&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por esses microrganismos comensais normalmente s&#227;o questionadas devido a dificuldades na confirma&#231;&#227;o e diferen&#231;as nos crit&#233;rios de notifica&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m deve ser considerado que os SCN s&#227;o microrganismos minimamente invasivos que colonizam neonatos ap&#243;s o nascimento e normalmente est&#227;o presentes nos microbiomas de diferentes partes do corpo&#46; Eles t&#234;m o efeito ben&#233;fico de estimular a resposta imune inata e melhorar a defesa contra outros pat&#243;genos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Contudo&#44; os mecanismos de defesa podem ser inadequados em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos&#44; aumentar sua susceptibilidade a infec&#231;&#227;o por esses microrganismos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; embora sejam considerados microrganismos respons&#225;veis pela sepse em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos&#44; apresentam evolu&#231;&#227;o insidiosa e baixa morbidez e mortalidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5&#44;8&#8211;11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se que o perfil de resist&#234;ncia dos SCN pode exceder 90&#37; com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; isoxazolilpenicilina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Como resultado&#44; a vancomicina tem sido considerada o tratamento padr&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;12</span></a> Entretanto&#44; a restri&#231;&#227;o &#224; vancomicina como terapia emp&#237;rica para sepse neonatal tardia tem sido indicada na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo &#233; comparar&#44; epidemiologicamente&#44; dois tratamentos emp&#237;ricos diferentes para sepse tardia em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal &#40;UTIN&#41; com alta preval&#234;ncia de SCN e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> sens&#237;vel &#224; oxacilina&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo prospectivo observacional foi feito no Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#40;HC&#47;UFMG&#41;&#44; de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2014&#46; O HC&#47;UFMG&#44; hospital universit&#225;rio&#44; &#233; um recurso para gerenciamento de alto risco obst&#233;trico em Belo Horizonte e no Estado de Minas Gerais&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A popula&#231;&#227;o&#8208;alvo consistiu em todos os rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos na UTIN considerados em risco de sepse tardia&#46; Os fatores de risco inclu&#237;am peso inferior a 1&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; presen&#231;a de um cateter venoso central &#40;CVC&#41;&#44; uso de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica &#40;VM&#41;&#44; cirurgia e tratamento com agentes antimicrobianos&#46; Esses neonatos em risco foram acompanhados diariamente pela equipe especializada da Comiss&#227;o de Controle de Infec&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar &#40;CCIH&#41;&#46; Os dados foram coletados por vigil&#226;ncia ativa&#44; an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos e discuss&#227;o com a equipe m&#233;dica&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es foram relatadas de acordo com a legisla&#231;&#227;o nacional&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> com crit&#233;rios de infe&#231;&#227;o definidos pela Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria &#40;Anvisa&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> com base na Rede Nacional de Seguran&#231;a na Assist&#234;ncia &#224; Sa&#250;de &#40;NHSN&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o consideraram todos os rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos tratados com oxacilina ou vancomicina como tratamento emp&#237;rico para sepse tardia&#44; relatada ap&#243;s 48 horas de vida&#44; conforme definido pela Anvisa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> &#8220;Sepse&#8221; e &#8220;infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea&#8221; foram usados como sin&#244;nimos&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um tamanho da amostra foi calculado considerando a preval&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#245;es por SCN e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> confirmada por laborat&#243;rio a uma taxa de quase 30&#37; e 15&#37; respectivamente&#44; com base em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 300 pacientes em risco por ano&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um programa interno da CCIH foi usado na an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#46; A an&#225;lise descritiva incluiu a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes em risco&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes com infec&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#40;IH&#41;&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia de IH&#44; a incid&#234;ncia cumulativa de IH &#40;n&#250;mero de IH a cada 100 pacientes em risco&#41; e a densidade de incid&#234;ncia de IH &#40;n&#250;mero de IH a cada 1&#46;000 pacientes&#8208;dia&#41;&#46; A densidade de incid&#234;ncia de IH tamb&#233;m foi estratificada de acordo com a faixa de peso e a topografia da infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; A densidade de infec&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao dispositivo foi medida&#44; incluindo infec&#231;&#245;es associadas ao CVC&#44; &#224; VM e &#224; sonda vesical de demora &#40;SVD&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia de microrganismos foi descrita em grupos &#40;SCN&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; bact&#233;rias gram negativas e fungos&#41; e de acordo com a frequ&#234;ncia de agentes antimicrobianos usados na cobertura emp&#237;rica ou espec&#237;fica das <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp&#46; &#40;oxacilina e vancomicina&#41;&#46; Em geral&#44; esses agentes antimicrobianos s&#227;o emp&#237;rica ou especificamente usados no tratamento de infec&#231;&#245;es com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp&#46; Outros agentes antimicrobianos n&#227;o foram descritos&#44; pois n&#227;o s&#227;o relevantes para este estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O isolamento microbiol&#243;gico em amostras de pacientes foi feito pelo m&#233;todo automatizado &#40;VITEK&#174;2&#44; BioM&#233;rieux Inc&#44; EUA&#41; e o teste de susceptibilidade&#44; pela disco&#8208;difus&#227;o em &#225;gar &#40;Kirby Bauer&#41;&#46; O perfil de sensibilidade de microrganismos foi definido de acordo com a CCIH do hospital e com base no Instituto de Padr&#245;es Cl&#237;nicos e Laboratoriais &#40;CLSI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para a an&#225;lise comparativa&#44; foram definidos dois per&#237;odos&#58; janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2012 &#40;Per&#237;odo 1&#41; e janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014 &#40;Per&#237;odo 2&#41;&#46; Durante o Per&#237;odo 1&#44; a vancomicina foi usada no regime de tratamento emp&#237;rico de sepse tardia e a oxacilina foi usada durante o Per&#237;odo 2&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mortalidade &#40;mortes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de pacientes em risco&#41; e a letalidade &#40;mortes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de pacientes com IH&#41; foram comparadas em ambos os per&#237;odos e se levou em considera&#231;&#227;o o SCN ou o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#46; O &#243;bito foi considerado associado &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o se ocorrido durante ou em at&#233; 15 dias do tratamento com o antibi&#243;tico do estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A morbidez foi definida como uma infec&#231;&#227;o com envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; como endocardite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o do trato respirat&#243;rio inferior &#40;pneumonia&#44; traque&#237;te ou bronquite&#41; ou infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central com isolamento desses microrganismos&#44; bem como v&#225;rios dias de tratamento antimicrobiano com oxacilina ou vancomicina&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi feita por um estat&#237;stico por meio do Statistical Package for Social Sciences&#174; &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; vers&#227;o 15&#46;0&#44; EUA&#41; e do EpiInfo&#174; v7&#46;0 &#40;CDC&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise descritiva incluiu frequ&#234;ncia&#44; percentual&#44; m&#233;dia&#44; desvio padr&#227;o&#44; mediana e faixa&#46; A an&#225;lise comparativa foi feita por meio do teste qui&#8208;quadrado ou do teste de Fisher para obter vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e do teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student ou de Mann&#8208;Whitney para obter vari&#225;veis quantitativas&#44; de acordo com a an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia por meio do teste de Levine&#46; A raz&#227;o de chance foi usada para calcular a medida relativa de eventos entre os dois per&#237;odos do estudo e um intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; &#40;IC de 95&#37;&#41; foi usado como medida de precis&#227;o do evento estimado&#46; A relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi considerada quando p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outras estrat&#233;gias preventivas e de redu&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es foram usadas continuamente na UTIN pela equipe da CCIH&#46; Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Conselho de Revis&#227;o Institucional do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da UFMG&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao longo do per&#237;odo do estudo&#44; 1&#46;229 pacientes em risco foram acompanhados e totalizaram 26&#46;260 pacientes&#8208;dia&#59; 367 pacientes apresentaram 583 epis&#243;dios de IH&#44; com densidade de incid&#234;ncia de 22&#44;20 epis&#243;dios de IH em 1&#46;000 pacientes&#8208;dia&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> apresenta a densidade de incid&#234;ncia de IH por faixa de peso ao nascer&#44; com redu&#231;&#227;o significativa em infec&#231;&#245;es entre pacientes de 2&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g a 1&#46;501<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g durante o Per&#237;odo 2&#46; Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no n&#250;mero total de infec&#231;&#245;es relatadas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;044&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;18&#59; IC de 95&#37; 1&#8208;1&#44;39&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos pacientes em risco durante o Per&#237;odo 1 e o Per&#237;odo 2&#44; 296 &#40;54&#44;81&#37;&#41; e 355 &#40;52&#44;98&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino&#44; respectivamente&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica no que diz respeito ao sexo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;564&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;08&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;85&#8208;1&#44;36&#41;&#44; por&#233;m 19 rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos n&#227;o tinham sexo definido&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A incid&#234;ncia acumulada de IH foi de 47&#44;44&#37; de pacientes em risco&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do primeiro para o segundo per&#237;odo do estudo&#58; de 53&#44;8 para 42&#44;4&#37; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando as infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a dispositivos&#44; n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa na incid&#234;ncia da densidade de infec&#231;&#245;es por dispositivo&#8208;dia entre os dois per&#237;odos de estudo&#46; A densidade de infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea relacionada ao CVC foi de 17&#44;29 infec&#231;&#245;es por 1&#46;000 dias de CVC e variou de 15&#44;39 a 19&#44;09 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;117&#59; RC&#58; 0&#44;81&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;62&#8208;1&#44;06&#41;&#46; A densidade de pneumonia relacionada &#224; ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica foi de 1&#44;93 infec&#231;&#245;es por 1&#46;000 dias de VM e variou de 2&#44;09 a 1&#44;79 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;789&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;17&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;38&#8208;3&#44;62&#41;&#46; A densidade de infec&#231;&#227;o do trato urin&#225;rio relacionada &#224; SVD foi de 6&#44;05 por 1&#46;000 dias de SVD e variou de 8&#44;46 a 4&#44;33 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;243&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;96&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;62&#8208;6&#44;16&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia dos epis&#243;dios de IH tratada com ambos os antibi&#243;ticos foi comparada entre os dois per&#237;odos e a implanta&#231;&#227;o do novo protocolo foi considerada eficaz&#46; Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no uso de vancomicina&#44; de 175 para 97 epis&#243;dios de IH tratada com vancomicina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;98&#59; IC de 95&#37; 1&#44;52&#8208;2&#44;60&#41;&#44; e houve um aumento significativo de 30 para 132 epis&#243;dios de IH tardia tratada com oxacilina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; RC&#58; 4&#44;68&#59; IC de 95&#37; 3&#44;07&#8208;7&#44;17&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando a frequ&#234;ncia dos microrganismos isolados em casos de IH em pacientes de alto risco&#44; houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de IH devido ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> quando a oxacilina era parte do regime emp&#237;rico inicial &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41; e um aumento na IH devido ao SCN &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41;&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o foram observadas altera&#231;&#245;es significativas na propor&#231;&#227;o de bact&#233;rias gram negativas ou fungos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; Todas as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> isoladas de amostras de pacientes com IH no Per&#237;odo 1 eram sens&#237;veis a oxacilina&#46; Durante o Per&#237;odo 2&#44; apenas uma amostra apresentou um perfil resistente a oxacilina no teste de sensibilidade&#46; Isso revela que a preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> resistente a oxacilina nessa UTIN foi calculada em 2&#44;4&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;42&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> mostra IH por topografia&#44; considerando infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> e SCN&#46; No Per&#237;odo 2&#44; n&#227;o observamos infec&#231;&#227;o com o envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; como endocardite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o do trato respirat&#243;rio inferior ou infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central com isolamento de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#59; foram relatadas apenas conjuntivite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o da pele e infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea por esse microrganismo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mortalidade e a letalidade foram calculadas comparando casos de &#243;bito devido a IH causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> ou SCN entre os dois per&#237;odos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a>&#41;&#46; A mortalidade foi considerada o n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos associados a essas infec&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de &#243;bitos&#46; A letalidade foi considerada o n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos associados a essas infec&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de casos de IH por cada microrganismo&#46; N&#227;o houve varia&#231;&#245;es significativas&#44; por&#233;m houve apenas um &#243;bito associado a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> durante o Per&#237;odo 2 &#40;quando a terapia emp&#237;rica inclu&#237;a a oxacilina&#41;&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com cinco &#243;bitos no Per&#237;odo 1&#46; Nenhuma diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica foi observada na mortalidade associada &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN&#44; com um n&#250;mero menor de &#243;bitos associados&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A morbidez tamb&#233;m foi avaliada considerando a dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento antimicrobiano&#46; Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa na dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento com oxacilina no Per&#237;odo 2&#44; com redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo m&#233;dio de 11&#44;5 para 6 dias &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento com vancomicina aumentou apenas 1 dia&#44; variou de 8 dias no Per&#237;odo 1 para 9 dias no Per&#237;odo 2 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;046&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a introdu&#231;&#227;o do tratamento emp&#237;rico com oxacilina no regime terap&#234;utico para sepse tardia&#44; observamos uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos casos de IH causados por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> sens&#237;vel &#224; oxacilina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#46; A incid&#234;ncia da densidade das infec&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m diminuiu significativamente e ficou evidente principalmente em pacientes com peso entre 1&#46;501 e 2&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; Um estudo anterior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> j&#225; mostrou um n&#250;mero maior de pacientes nessa faixa de peso com risco de infec&#231;&#245;es na corrente sangu&#237;nea confirmadas em laborat&#243;rio&#44; devido&#44; provavelmente&#44; ao perfil dessa UTIN&#44; j&#225; que se trata de um Centro de Medicina Fetal&#46; Esses pacientes t&#234;m interna&#231;&#245;es prolongadas e est&#227;o em risco de necessidade de cirurgia&#44; CVC e VM&#44; que poder&#227;o aumentar o risco de infec&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar do aumento nos casos de infec&#231;&#227;o relacionada a SCN&#44; n&#227;o observamos aumento na mortalidade e na morbidez avaliada&#46; Isso indica que esse microrganismo pode ser considerado menos patog&#234;nico e apresenta evolu&#231;&#227;o insidiosa em compara&#231;&#227;o com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; conforme relatado na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m deve ser indicado que a infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN poder&#225; ser questionada e os crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico exigem no m&#237;nimo duas hemoculturas com o mesmo microrganismo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;15</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; outros estudos demonstram que &#233; poss&#237;vel acompanhar os resultados cl&#237;nicos&#44; aguardar por resultados da cultura e tamb&#233;m adiar a administra&#231;&#227;o de agentes antimicrobianos em pacientes com suspeita de infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11&#44;18</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a modifica&#231;&#227;o do regime de tratamento emp&#237;rico para incluir o uso de oxacilina&#44; houve um aumento nas infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao SCN&#46; Entretanto&#44; n&#227;o foi detectada diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica em percentuais de infec&#231;&#227;o associada a bact&#233;rias gram negativas e fungos&#46; Foi considerado que n&#227;o houve interfer&#234;ncia negativa no perfil da flora e&#44; consequentemente&#44; no perfil de exposi&#231;&#227;o do paciente&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; foi atingida uma redu&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica geral de IH&#46; Deve ser enfatizado que um n&#250;mero menor de infec&#231;&#245;es est&#225; diretamente relacionado ao uso menor de agentes antimicrobianos&#46; Conforme relatado por Pinto et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> os crit&#233;rios para reduzir a sepse incluem reduzir&#44; de forma significativa&#44; o uso de vancomicina e carbapenema&#44; bem como a quantidade de agentes antimicrobianos usada&#44; apesar de esses autores n&#227;o apresentarem um perfil da flora&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conforme publicado em outros relat&#243;rios&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11</span></a> este estudo revelou que o tratamento emp&#237;rico com oxacilina ainda reduziu significativamente a dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; em mais de 50&#37; dos dias&#44; com aumento de um &#250;nico dia com a vancomicina no Per&#237;odo 2&#46; A redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de dias de uso de oxacilina pode&#44; provavelmente&#44; ser associada ao uso emp&#237;rico ou espec&#237;fico adequado&#44; pois a oxacilina tem melhor atividade antimicrobiana e efic&#225;cia terap&#234;utica em infec&#231;&#245;es sens&#237;veis por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#46; &#201; importante ressaltar que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> tem um perfil sens&#237;vel &#224; oxacilina nessa UTIN&#44; o que justifica a altera&#231;&#227;o da terapia emp&#237;rica&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em um estudo nacional de Bentlin et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> que investigou pr&#225;ticas relacionadas &#224; preval&#234;ncia da sepse tardia em neonatos prematuros&#44; os autores observaram que centros que usam terapia emp&#237;rica com oxacilina e aminoglicos&#237;deos apresentam menor incid&#234;ncia de sepse tardia&#44; devido&#44; provavelmente&#44; a um tratamento mais eficaz&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de isoxazolilpenicilinas associadas &#224; gentamicina como tratamento emp&#237;rico de sepse neonatal tardia&#44; um estudo de Chiu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> tamb&#233;m mostrou uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no uso de vancomicina e um aumento no uso de oxacilina sem diferen&#231;a significativa na morbidez e na mortalidade neonatais conforme avaliado pela incid&#234;ncia da sepse tardia&#44; meningite e &#243;bito&#46; Contudo&#44; esses autores n&#227;o compararam pacientes com IH relacionada a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> e SCN confirmadas em laborat&#243;rio como neste estudo&#44; o que mostra uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos epis&#243;dios de infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; com um n&#250;mero menor de casos de infec&#231;&#245;es com envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; como endocardite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o do trato respirat&#243;rio inferior e infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m de uma redu&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica no n&#250;mero geral de IH&#44; bem como IH devido a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> suscet&#237;vel&#44; tamb&#233;m foi observado um n&#250;mero menor de infec&#231;&#245;es com envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; foi observada a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade associada a esse microrganismo e foi demonstrada uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos dias de dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e interna&#231;&#227;o&#46; Esses achados podem ser considerados adequados para evitar a morbidez associada &#224; sepse e a exposi&#231;&#227;o a outros eventos adversos&#46; Conforme relatado por Kaufman&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> a precis&#227;o no diagn&#243;stico e a redu&#231;&#227;o do uso de agentes antimicrobianos s&#227;o importantes na preven&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es em geral e&#44; especificamente&#44; da mortalidade neonatal relacionada &#224; sepse&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo multic&#234;ntrico com 348 UTINs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> avaliou o uso imediato de vancomicina &#40;&#60; 1 dia&#41; e o uso postergado &#40;1 a 3 dias&#41; no primeiro epis&#243;dio de sepse tardia associada a SCN&#46; Os autores relataram que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a nas taxas de mortalidade em 7 ou 30 dias ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento ou na alta&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; pacientes que iniciaram o uso de vancomicina apresentaram imediatamente uma dura&#231;&#227;o significativamente maior de tratamento&#44; com mediana de 2 dias adicionais&#46; Em outro estudo multic&#234;ntrico conduzido pelo mesmo grupo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na mortalidade ao se compararem os rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos com infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN poss&#237;vel&#44; prov&#225;vel ou confirmada&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os autores relataram que os pacientes com infec&#231;&#245;es associadas ao SCN apresentaram mortalidade significativamente menor do que os pacientes com hemoculturas negativas&#44; considerando que a mortalidade mais elevada poderia ser atribu&#237;da a outros microrganismos n&#227;o isolados em hemoculturas&#46; Deve ser considerado que um agente antimicrobiano poder&#225; ser usado desnecessariamente&#44; conforme as poss&#237;veis ou prov&#225;veis infec&#231;&#245;es por SCN forem superestimadas&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cotten et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> em um estudo de coorte multic&#234;ntrico&#44; constataram em uma an&#225;lise multivariada que a dura&#231;&#227;o prolongada da terapia inicial em dias estava associada ao &#243;bito de neonatos de extremo baixo peso&#44; principalmente se o tratamento com agentes antimicrobianos ultrapassasse cinco dias&#44; com aumento das chances por dia de uso de antimicrobianos&#46; Tamb&#233;m deve ser considerado que a mortalidade aumenta quando a terapia emp&#237;rica &#233; inadequada&#44; um fator que pode aumentar a dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo anterior na mesma UTIN revelou alta mortalidade de pacientes com sepse por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> confirmada por laborat&#243;rio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; observamos uma redu&#231;&#227;o na frequ&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos devido a IH relacionada a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> no Per&#237;odo 2 &#40;1 &#243;bito&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o ao Per&#237;odo 1 &#40;5 &#243;bitos&#41;&#46; Essa redu&#231;&#227;o tendia a ser significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;08&#41;&#46; O &#250;nico &#243;bito associado a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> no Per&#237;odo 2 foi de um paciente com v&#225;rias malforma&#231;&#245;es e poss&#237;vel trissomia do cromossomo 13&#46; Devido &#224; gravidade cl&#237;nica da doen&#231;a do paciente&#44; foram feitos testes para triagem da infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; Contudo&#44; o tratamento com oxacilina foi iniciado quando os resultados da hemocultura foram divulgados&#44; dois dias ap&#243;s o teste&#46; O &#243;bito poder&#225; estar associado &#224; doen&#231;a de base e &#224; demora no uso de um agente antimicrobiano adequado&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo identificou apenas um e dois casos de &#243;bito devido a IH relacionada a SCN nos Per&#237;odos 1 e 2&#44; respectivamente&#44; sem relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica&#46; A literatura tamb&#233;m informa que a mortalidade associada a infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN est&#225; relacionada a 1&#37; dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;10</span></a> Karlowicz et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> investigaram causas de sepse tardia fulminante e observaram que&#44; mesmo quando os casos de infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN foram associados a &#243;bito&#44; os pacientes apresentavam outras comorbidades ou as culturas produziram mais de um microrganismo&#44; o que sugere contamina&#231;&#227;o&#46; Mackhoul et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> avaliaram fatores de risco de mortalidade precoce ap&#243;s sepse neonatal tardia e relataram que os pacientes com infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por SCN apresentavam um risco menor de &#243;bito em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por outros microrganismos&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em um estudo feito por Hemels et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> usou&#8208;se cefazolina associada a gentamicina como tratamento emp&#237;rico para sepse neonatal tardia devido a SCN&#46; A resposta cl&#237;nica foi observada em 87&#37; dos pacientes tratados e a sensibilidade &#224; cefazolina foi observada em 88&#37; das cepas analisadas&#46; Nenhuma diferen&#231;a foi observada no tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o &#40;0&#44;77 dias&#41; ou na mortalidade &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;33&#41; entre pacientes tratados com sepse devido a cepas de SCN sens&#237;veis ou resistentes&#46; Esses autores sugerem que outros antibi&#243;ticos betalact&#226;micos poder&#227;o ser &#250;teis no tratamento de IH em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos e reduzir a necessidade de uso de vancomicina&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando o uso racional de antibi&#243;ticos&#44; o uso da vancomicina deveria ser restrito em unidades com alta preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> resistente a vancomicina&#44; em casos sem resposta cl&#237;nica ou laboratorial em at&#233; 48&#8208;72 horas&#44; apesar do uso de um betalact&#226;mico como a oxacilina&#44; e em casos definidos de SCN resistente a oxacilina sem resposta cl&#237;nica e que n&#227;o seja considerado comensal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;22</span></a> Essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es seguem as diretrizes do Centro de Controle e Preven&#231;&#227;o de Doen&#231;as a fim de evitar aumento significativo de cepas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterococcus spp</span> e de outras bact&#233;rias resistentes a vancomicina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> A restri&#231;&#227;o do uso de agentes antimicrobianos com base na gest&#227;o &#233; importante para reduzir a interfer&#234;ncia no microbioma&#44; na sele&#231;&#227;o de microrganismos resistentes e em manifesta&#231;&#245;es at&#243;picas e outras complica&#231;&#245;es em neonatos prematuros&#44; como enterocolite e &#243;bito&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concluindo&#44; este estudo mostrou que n&#227;o houve pioria dos resultados em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos ao se usarem betalact&#226;micos antiestafiloc&#243;cicos para tratar sepse tardia&#44; considerando que as taxas de mortalidade e morbidez relacionadas a infec&#231;&#245;es por SCN n&#227;o aumentaram e que tamb&#233;m houve uma melhoria nas taxas de infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus&#46;</span> Assim&#44; a gest&#227;o de antimicrobianos com o uso da oxacilina pode ser recomendada na sepse neonatal tardia de acordo com o perfil epidemiol&#243;gico de cada UTIN&#44; que deve estar relacionada a outras pr&#225;ticas de preven&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es eficazes a fim de evitar o uso de agentes antimicrobianos de amplo espectro&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Neonate"
            2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to compare two different empiric treatments for late&#8208;onset neonatal sepsis&#44; vancomycin and oxacillin&#44; in a neonatal intensive care unit with a high prevalence of coagulase&#8208;negative <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross&#8208;sectional study was conducted in an neonatal intensive care unit from 2011 to 2014&#46; Data from the medical records of at&#8208;risk newborns were collected daily&#46; Infections were defined according to the National Health Surveillance Agency criteria&#46; Data analysis was performed using an internal program&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was a significant reduction in the number of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> infections &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;008&#41;&#44; without endocarditis&#44; meningitis&#44; or lower respiratory tract infection&#44; as well as a reduction in the frequency of deaths related to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> infection&#46; There were no significant changes in the incidence of Gram&#8208;negative bacterial or fungal infections&#46; An increase in coagulase&#8208;negative <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> infections was observed &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;022&#41;&#46; However&#44; there was no measured increase in related morbidity and mortality&#46; There was a reduction in the median number of days of treatment with oxacillin from 11&#46;5 to 6 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and an increase of one day in the median number of days of treatment with vancomycin &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;046&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Modification of the empiric treatment regimen for neonatal late&#8208;onset sepsis with use of oxacillin showed a significant reduction in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> infections&#44; as well as a reduction in the frequency of infections with major organ system involvement and mortality due to infection with this microorganism&#46; As a result&#44; oxacillin can be considered as an effective treatment for late&#8208;onset sepsis&#44; making it possible to avoid broad&#8208;spectrum antibiotics&#46;</p></span>"
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        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparar dois per&#237;odos com diferentes esquemas emp&#237;ricos para tratamento de sepse neonatal tardia&#44; incluindo vancomicina ou oxacilina respectivamente&#44; em unidade neonatal de refer&#234;ncia com alta preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#44; feito em unidade neonatal de refer&#234;ncia&#44; de 2011 a 2014&#46; Os dados foram coletados diariamente por vigil&#226;ncia ativa em prontu&#225;rio de rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos de risco&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es foram notificadas conforme crit&#233;rios definidos pela Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria&#46; O banco de dados e a an&#225;lise foram feitos em programa interno&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ocorreu redu&#231;&#227;o significativa da notifica&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;008&#41;&#44; sem notifica&#231;&#245;es de endocardite&#44; meningite e infec&#231;&#245;es de vias a&#233;reas inferiores&#44; al&#233;m de redu&#231;&#227;o na frequ&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos pelo microrganismo e sem altera&#231;&#227;o significativa nas incid&#234;ncias de infec&#231;&#245;es por bact&#233;rias Gram negativas e fungos&#46; Houve aumento de infec&#231;&#245;es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> coagulase negativo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;022&#41;&#44; mas sem aumento de morbidade e mortalidade&#46; Ocorreu redu&#231;&#227;o na mediana do tempo de uso de oxacilina&#44; de 11&#44;5 para 6 dias &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; com aumento de mediana de um dia de uso de vancomicina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;046&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A modifica&#231;&#227;o do esquema emp&#237;rico com uso de oxacilina revelou redu&#231;&#227;o significativa das infec&#231;&#245;es por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o na frequ&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#227;o de foco profundo e mortalidade pelo microrganismo&#46; Considera&#8208;se que oxacilina pode ser usada como esquema de tratamento de sepse neonatal tardia para se evitar o uso de antibi&#243;ticos de largo espectro&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Como citar este artigo&#58; Romanelli RM&#44; Anchieta LM&#44; Silva AC&#44; de Jesus LA&#44; Rosado V&#44; Clemente WT&#46; Empirical antimicrobial therapy for late&#8208;onset sepsis in a neonatal unit with high prevalence of coagulase&#8208;negative <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span>&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;472&#8211;8&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Estudo feito na Faculdade de Medicina&#44; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais&#44; Belo Horizonte&#44; MG&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Peso &#40;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;2011&#8208;2014&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Per&#237;odo 1 &#40;2011&#8208;2012&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC de 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;945&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">751&#8208;1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;424&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;78&#8208;1&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1001&#8208;1&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;757&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;62&#8208;1&#44;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1501&#8208;2&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#44;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;04&#8208;1&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 2&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;389&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;84&#8208;1&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&#8208;1&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">N&#250;mero de infec&#231;&#245;es em 1&#46;000 pacientes&#8208;dia&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incid&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> de densidade de infec&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por faixa de peso ao nascer&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Microrganismo</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Per&#237;odo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117 &#40;9&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40 &#40;7&#44;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77 &#40;11&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;41&#8208;0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;3&#44;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;4&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;2&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&#8208;4&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bacilo gram negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;7&#44;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47 &#40;8&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;6&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;88&#8208;2&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fungos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;1&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;27&#8208;3&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequ&#234;ncia de microrganismos isolados em infec&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por paciente em risco&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Topografia</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Microrganismo</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Per&#237;odo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Per&#237;odo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RC</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC de 95&#37;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Conjuntivite</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;38&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;648&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;23&#8211;20&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;23&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;10&#8211;12&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Endocardite</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Enterocolite necrosante</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o intra&#8208;abdominal</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o vascular</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o de pele ou do tecido mole</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;0&#8211;20&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Bronquite ou traque&#237;te</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;50&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o do trato urin&#225;rio</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;02&#8211;8&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;28&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;15&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea &#40;sepse&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;21&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;38&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;26&#8208;0&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&#8208;3&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infec&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo &#40;SCN&#41; por topografia&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RC</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC de 95&#37;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">2011&#8208;2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortalidade geral</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo&#47;paciente em risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;0&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;06&#8208;6&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>&#47;paciente em risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;0&#44;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;0&#44;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;74&#8208;53&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Letalidade associada ao</span> Staphylococcus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">coagulase negativo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo&#47;total de infec&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Letalidade associada ao</span> Staphylococcus aureus</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#47;total de infec&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;116&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&#8208;20&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;18&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;395&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortalidade e letalidade de pacientes com IH por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp&#46;&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Romanelli"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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Artigo original
Empirical antimicrobial therapy for late‐onset sepsis in a neonatal unit with high prevalence of coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus
Terapia antimicrobiana empírica para sepse tardia na unidade neonatal com alta prevalência de Staphylococcus coagulase negativo
Roberta Maia de Castro Romanellia,b,
Autor para correspondência
rmcromanelli@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Lêni Márcia Anchietaa,c, Ana Carolina Bueno e Silvaa, Lenize Adriana de Jesusd, Viviane Rosadod,e, Wanessa Trindade Clemented,f
a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
b Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
c Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade Neonatal de Cuidados Progressivos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
d Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Hospital das Clínicas, Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
e Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
f Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Propedêutica Complementar, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
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    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "pt" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Terapia antimicrobiana emp&#237;rica para sepse tardia na unidade neonatal com alta preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os microrganismos mais prevalentes na sepse neonatal tardia descritos na literatura internacional s&#227;o os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo &#40;SCN&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a> Embora as taxas de sepse confirmada em laborat&#243;rio devido a esses microrganismos variem de 30&#37; a 60&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> tamb&#233;m foram relatadas taxas mais elevadas&#46; Esses microrganismos representam 77&#44;9&#37; da sepse neonatal tardia em pa&#237;ses industrializados e 46&#44;5&#37; em regi&#245;es em desenvolvimento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Contudo&#44; as infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por esses microrganismos comensais normalmente s&#227;o questionadas devido a dificuldades na confirma&#231;&#227;o e diferen&#231;as nos crit&#233;rios de notifica&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m deve ser considerado que os SCN s&#227;o microrganismos minimamente invasivos que colonizam neonatos ap&#243;s o nascimento e normalmente est&#227;o presentes nos microbiomas de diferentes partes do corpo&#46; Eles t&#234;m o efeito ben&#233;fico de estimular a resposta imune inata e melhorar a defesa contra outros pat&#243;genos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Contudo&#44; os mecanismos de defesa podem ser inadequados em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos&#44; aumentar sua susceptibilidade a infec&#231;&#227;o por esses microrganismos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; embora sejam considerados microrganismos respons&#225;veis pela sepse em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos&#44; apresentam evolu&#231;&#227;o insidiosa e baixa morbidez e mortalidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5&#44;8&#8211;11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se que o perfil de resist&#234;ncia dos SCN pode exceder 90&#37; com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; isoxazolilpenicilina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Como resultado&#44; a vancomicina tem sido considerada o tratamento padr&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;12</span></a> Entretanto&#44; a restri&#231;&#227;o &#224; vancomicina como terapia emp&#237;rica para sepse neonatal tardia tem sido indicada na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo &#233; comparar&#44; epidemiologicamente&#44; dois tratamentos emp&#237;ricos diferentes para sepse tardia em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal &#40;UTIN&#41; com alta preval&#234;ncia de SCN e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> sens&#237;vel &#224; oxacilina&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo prospectivo observacional foi feito no Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#40;HC&#47;UFMG&#41;&#44; de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2014&#46; O HC&#47;UFMG&#44; hospital universit&#225;rio&#44; &#233; um recurso para gerenciamento de alto risco obst&#233;trico em Belo Horizonte e no Estado de Minas Gerais&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A popula&#231;&#227;o&#8208;alvo consistiu em todos os rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos na UTIN considerados em risco de sepse tardia&#46; Os fatores de risco inclu&#237;am peso inferior a 1&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; presen&#231;a de um cateter venoso central &#40;CVC&#41;&#44; uso de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica &#40;VM&#41;&#44; cirurgia e tratamento com agentes antimicrobianos&#46; Esses neonatos em risco foram acompanhados diariamente pela equipe especializada da Comiss&#227;o de Controle de Infec&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar &#40;CCIH&#41;&#46; Os dados foram coletados por vigil&#226;ncia ativa&#44; an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos e discuss&#227;o com a equipe m&#233;dica&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es foram relatadas de acordo com a legisla&#231;&#227;o nacional&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> com crit&#233;rios de infe&#231;&#227;o definidos pela Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria &#40;Anvisa&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> com base na Rede Nacional de Seguran&#231;a na Assist&#234;ncia &#224; Sa&#250;de &#40;NHSN&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;16</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o consideraram todos os rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos tratados com oxacilina ou vancomicina como tratamento emp&#237;rico para sepse tardia&#44; relatada ap&#243;s 48 horas de vida&#44; conforme definido pela Anvisa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> &#8220;Sepse&#8221; e &#8220;infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea&#8221; foram usados como sin&#244;nimos&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um tamanho da amostra foi calculado considerando a preval&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#245;es por SCN e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> confirmada por laborat&#243;rio a uma taxa de quase 30&#37; e 15&#37; respectivamente&#44; com base em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 300 pacientes em risco por ano&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um programa interno da CCIH foi usado na an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#46; A an&#225;lise descritiva incluiu a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes em risco&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes com infec&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#40;IH&#41;&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia de IH&#44; a incid&#234;ncia cumulativa de IH &#40;n&#250;mero de IH a cada 100 pacientes em risco&#41; e a densidade de incid&#234;ncia de IH &#40;n&#250;mero de IH a cada 1&#46;000 pacientes&#8208;dia&#41;&#46; A densidade de incid&#234;ncia de IH tamb&#233;m foi estratificada de acordo com a faixa de peso e a topografia da infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; A densidade de infec&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao dispositivo foi medida&#44; incluindo infec&#231;&#245;es associadas ao CVC&#44; &#224; VM e &#224; sonda vesical de demora &#40;SVD&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia de microrganismos foi descrita em grupos &#40;SCN&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; bact&#233;rias gram negativas e fungos&#41; e de acordo com a frequ&#234;ncia de agentes antimicrobianos usados na cobertura emp&#237;rica ou espec&#237;fica das <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp&#46; &#40;oxacilina e vancomicina&#41;&#46; Em geral&#44; esses agentes antimicrobianos s&#227;o emp&#237;rica ou especificamente usados no tratamento de infec&#231;&#245;es com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp&#46; Outros agentes antimicrobianos n&#227;o foram descritos&#44; pois n&#227;o s&#227;o relevantes para este estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O isolamento microbiol&#243;gico em amostras de pacientes foi feito pelo m&#233;todo automatizado &#40;VITEK&#174;2&#44; BioM&#233;rieux Inc&#44; EUA&#41; e o teste de susceptibilidade&#44; pela disco&#8208;difus&#227;o em &#225;gar &#40;Kirby Bauer&#41;&#46; O perfil de sensibilidade de microrganismos foi definido de acordo com a CCIH do hospital e com base no Instituto de Padr&#245;es Cl&#237;nicos e Laboratoriais &#40;CLSI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para a an&#225;lise comparativa&#44; foram definidos dois per&#237;odos&#58; janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2012 &#40;Per&#237;odo 1&#41; e janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014 &#40;Per&#237;odo 2&#41;&#46; Durante o Per&#237;odo 1&#44; a vancomicina foi usada no regime de tratamento emp&#237;rico de sepse tardia e a oxacilina foi usada durante o Per&#237;odo 2&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mortalidade &#40;mortes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de pacientes em risco&#41; e a letalidade &#40;mortes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de pacientes com IH&#41; foram comparadas em ambos os per&#237;odos e se levou em considera&#231;&#227;o o SCN ou o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#46; O &#243;bito foi considerado associado &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o se ocorrido durante ou em at&#233; 15 dias do tratamento com o antibi&#243;tico do estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A morbidez foi definida como uma infec&#231;&#227;o com envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; como endocardite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o do trato respirat&#243;rio inferior &#40;pneumonia&#44; traque&#237;te ou bronquite&#41; ou infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central com isolamento desses microrganismos&#44; bem como v&#225;rios dias de tratamento antimicrobiano com oxacilina ou vancomicina&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi feita por um estat&#237;stico por meio do Statistical Package for Social Sciences&#174; &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; vers&#227;o 15&#46;0&#44; EUA&#41; e do EpiInfo&#174; v7&#46;0 &#40;CDC&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise descritiva incluiu frequ&#234;ncia&#44; percentual&#44; m&#233;dia&#44; desvio padr&#227;o&#44; mediana e faixa&#46; A an&#225;lise comparativa foi feita por meio do teste qui&#8208;quadrado ou do teste de Fisher para obter vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e do teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student ou de Mann&#8208;Whitney para obter vari&#225;veis quantitativas&#44; de acordo com a an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia por meio do teste de Levine&#46; A raz&#227;o de chance foi usada para calcular a medida relativa de eventos entre os dois per&#237;odos do estudo e um intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; &#40;IC de 95&#37;&#41; foi usado como medida de precis&#227;o do evento estimado&#46; A relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi considerada quando p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outras estrat&#233;gias preventivas e de redu&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es foram usadas continuamente na UTIN pela equipe da CCIH&#46; Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Conselho de Revis&#227;o Institucional do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da UFMG&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao longo do per&#237;odo do estudo&#44; 1&#46;229 pacientes em risco foram acompanhados e totalizaram 26&#46;260 pacientes&#8208;dia&#59; 367 pacientes apresentaram 583 epis&#243;dios de IH&#44; com densidade de incid&#234;ncia de 22&#44;20 epis&#243;dios de IH em 1&#46;000 pacientes&#8208;dia&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> apresenta a densidade de incid&#234;ncia de IH por faixa de peso ao nascer&#44; com redu&#231;&#227;o significativa em infec&#231;&#245;es entre pacientes de 2&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g a 1&#46;501<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g durante o Per&#237;odo 2&#46; Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no n&#250;mero total de infec&#231;&#245;es relatadas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;044&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;18&#59; IC de 95&#37; 1&#8208;1&#44;39&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos pacientes em risco durante o Per&#237;odo 1 e o Per&#237;odo 2&#44; 296 &#40;54&#44;81&#37;&#41; e 355 &#40;52&#44;98&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino&#44; respectivamente&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica no que diz respeito ao sexo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;564&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;08&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;85&#8208;1&#44;36&#41;&#44; por&#233;m 19 rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos n&#227;o tinham sexo definido&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A incid&#234;ncia acumulada de IH foi de 47&#44;44&#37; de pacientes em risco&#44; com uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do primeiro para o segundo per&#237;odo do estudo&#58; de 53&#44;8 para 42&#44;4&#37; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando as infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a dispositivos&#44; n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa na incid&#234;ncia da densidade de infec&#231;&#245;es por dispositivo&#8208;dia entre os dois per&#237;odos de estudo&#46; A densidade de infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea relacionada ao CVC foi de 17&#44;29 infec&#231;&#245;es por 1&#46;000 dias de CVC e variou de 15&#44;39 a 19&#44;09 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;117&#59; RC&#58; 0&#44;81&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;62&#8208;1&#44;06&#41;&#46; A densidade de pneumonia relacionada &#224; ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica foi de 1&#44;93 infec&#231;&#245;es por 1&#46;000 dias de VM e variou de 2&#44;09 a 1&#44;79 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;789&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;17&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;38&#8208;3&#44;62&#41;&#46; A densidade de infec&#231;&#227;o do trato urin&#225;rio relacionada &#224; SVD foi de 6&#44;05 por 1&#46;000 dias de SVD e variou de 8&#44;46 a 4&#44;33 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;243&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;96&#59; IC de 95&#37; 0&#44;62&#8208;6&#44;16&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia dos epis&#243;dios de IH tratada com ambos os antibi&#243;ticos foi comparada entre os dois per&#237;odos e a implanta&#231;&#227;o do novo protocolo foi considerada eficaz&#46; Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no uso de vancomicina&#44; de 175 para 97 epis&#243;dios de IH tratada com vancomicina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; RC&#58; 1&#44;98&#59; IC de 95&#37; 1&#44;52&#8208;2&#44;60&#41;&#44; e houve um aumento significativo de 30 para 132 epis&#243;dios de IH tardia tratada com oxacilina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; RC&#58; 4&#44;68&#59; IC de 95&#37; 3&#44;07&#8208;7&#44;17&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando a frequ&#234;ncia dos microrganismos isolados em casos de IH em pacientes de alto risco&#44; houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de IH devido ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> quando a oxacilina era parte do regime emp&#237;rico inicial &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41; e um aumento na IH devido ao SCN &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;028&#41;&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o foram observadas altera&#231;&#245;es significativas na propor&#231;&#227;o de bact&#233;rias gram negativas ou fungos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; Todas as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> isoladas de amostras de pacientes com IH no Per&#237;odo 1 eram sens&#237;veis a oxacilina&#46; Durante o Per&#237;odo 2&#44; apenas uma amostra apresentou um perfil resistente a oxacilina no teste de sensibilidade&#46; Isso revela que a preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> resistente a oxacilina nessa UTIN foi calculada em 2&#44;4&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;42&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> mostra IH por topografia&#44; considerando infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> e SCN&#46; No Per&#237;odo 2&#44; n&#227;o observamos infec&#231;&#227;o com o envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; como endocardite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o do trato respirat&#243;rio inferior ou infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central com isolamento de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#59; foram relatadas apenas conjuntivite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o da pele e infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea por esse microrganismo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mortalidade e a letalidade foram calculadas comparando casos de &#243;bito devido a IH causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> ou SCN entre os dois per&#237;odos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a>&#41;&#46; A mortalidade foi considerada o n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos associados a essas infec&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de &#243;bitos&#46; A letalidade foi considerada o n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos associados a essas infec&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero total de casos de IH por cada microrganismo&#46; N&#227;o houve varia&#231;&#245;es significativas&#44; por&#233;m houve apenas um &#243;bito associado a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> durante o Per&#237;odo 2 &#40;quando a terapia emp&#237;rica inclu&#237;a a oxacilina&#41;&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com cinco &#243;bitos no Per&#237;odo 1&#46; Nenhuma diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica foi observada na mortalidade associada &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN&#44; com um n&#250;mero menor de &#243;bitos associados&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A morbidez tamb&#233;m foi avaliada considerando a dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento antimicrobiano&#46; Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa na dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento com oxacilina no Per&#237;odo 2&#44; com redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo m&#233;dio de 11&#44;5 para 6 dias &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento com vancomicina aumentou apenas 1 dia&#44; variou de 8 dias no Per&#237;odo 1 para 9 dias no Per&#237;odo 2 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;046&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a introdu&#231;&#227;o do tratamento emp&#237;rico com oxacilina no regime terap&#234;utico para sepse tardia&#44; observamos uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos casos de IH causados por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> sens&#237;vel &#224; oxacilina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#46; A incid&#234;ncia da densidade das infec&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m diminuiu significativamente e ficou evidente principalmente em pacientes com peso entre 1&#46;501 e 2&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; Um estudo anterior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> j&#225; mostrou um n&#250;mero maior de pacientes nessa faixa de peso com risco de infec&#231;&#245;es na corrente sangu&#237;nea confirmadas em laborat&#243;rio&#44; devido&#44; provavelmente&#44; ao perfil dessa UTIN&#44; j&#225; que se trata de um Centro de Medicina Fetal&#46; Esses pacientes t&#234;m interna&#231;&#245;es prolongadas e est&#227;o em risco de necessidade de cirurgia&#44; CVC e VM&#44; que poder&#227;o aumentar o risco de infec&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar do aumento nos casos de infec&#231;&#227;o relacionada a SCN&#44; n&#227;o observamos aumento na mortalidade e na morbidez avaliada&#46; Isso indica que esse microrganismo pode ser considerado menos patog&#234;nico e apresenta evolu&#231;&#227;o insidiosa em compara&#231;&#227;o com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; conforme relatado na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m deve ser indicado que a infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN poder&#225; ser questionada e os crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico exigem no m&#237;nimo duas hemoculturas com o mesmo microrganismo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;15</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; outros estudos demonstram que &#233; poss&#237;vel acompanhar os resultados cl&#237;nicos&#44; aguardar por resultados da cultura e tamb&#233;m adiar a administra&#231;&#227;o de agentes antimicrobianos em pacientes com suspeita de infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11&#44;18</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a modifica&#231;&#227;o do regime de tratamento emp&#237;rico para incluir o uso de oxacilina&#44; houve um aumento nas infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao SCN&#46; Entretanto&#44; n&#227;o foi detectada diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica em percentuais de infec&#231;&#227;o associada a bact&#233;rias gram negativas e fungos&#46; Foi considerado que n&#227;o houve interfer&#234;ncia negativa no perfil da flora e&#44; consequentemente&#44; no perfil de exposi&#231;&#227;o do paciente&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; foi atingida uma redu&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica geral de IH&#46; Deve ser enfatizado que um n&#250;mero menor de infec&#231;&#245;es est&#225; diretamente relacionado ao uso menor de agentes antimicrobianos&#46; Conforme relatado por Pinto et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> os crit&#233;rios para reduzir a sepse incluem reduzir&#44; de forma significativa&#44; o uso de vancomicina e carbapenema&#44; bem como a quantidade de agentes antimicrobianos usada&#44; apesar de esses autores n&#227;o apresentarem um perfil da flora&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conforme publicado em outros relat&#243;rios&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11</span></a> este estudo revelou que o tratamento emp&#237;rico com oxacilina ainda reduziu significativamente a dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; em mais de 50&#37; dos dias&#44; com aumento de um &#250;nico dia com a vancomicina no Per&#237;odo 2&#46; A redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de dias de uso de oxacilina pode&#44; provavelmente&#44; ser associada ao uso emp&#237;rico ou espec&#237;fico adequado&#44; pois a oxacilina tem melhor atividade antimicrobiana e efic&#225;cia terap&#234;utica em infec&#231;&#245;es sens&#237;veis por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#46; &#201; importante ressaltar que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> tem um perfil sens&#237;vel &#224; oxacilina nessa UTIN&#44; o que justifica a altera&#231;&#227;o da terapia emp&#237;rica&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em um estudo nacional de Bentlin et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> que investigou pr&#225;ticas relacionadas &#224; preval&#234;ncia da sepse tardia em neonatos prematuros&#44; os autores observaram que centros que usam terapia emp&#237;rica com oxacilina e aminoglicos&#237;deos apresentam menor incid&#234;ncia de sepse tardia&#44; devido&#44; provavelmente&#44; a um tratamento mais eficaz&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de isoxazolilpenicilinas associadas &#224; gentamicina como tratamento emp&#237;rico de sepse neonatal tardia&#44; um estudo de Chiu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> tamb&#233;m mostrou uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa no uso de vancomicina e um aumento no uso de oxacilina sem diferen&#231;a significativa na morbidez e na mortalidade neonatais conforme avaliado pela incid&#234;ncia da sepse tardia&#44; meningite e &#243;bito&#46; Contudo&#44; esses autores n&#227;o compararam pacientes com IH relacionada a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> e SCN confirmadas em laborat&#243;rio como neste estudo&#44; o que mostra uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos epis&#243;dios de infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; com um n&#250;mero menor de casos de infec&#231;&#245;es com envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; como endocardite&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o do trato respirat&#243;rio inferior e infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m de uma redu&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica no n&#250;mero geral de IH&#44; bem como IH devido a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> suscet&#237;vel&#44; tamb&#233;m foi observado um n&#250;mero menor de infec&#231;&#245;es com envolvimento dos principais sistemas de &#243;rg&#227;os&#44; foi observada a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade associada a esse microrganismo e foi demonstrada uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa nos dias de dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e interna&#231;&#227;o&#46; Esses achados podem ser considerados adequados para evitar a morbidez associada &#224; sepse e a exposi&#231;&#227;o a outros eventos adversos&#46; Conforme relatado por Kaufman&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> a precis&#227;o no diagn&#243;stico e a redu&#231;&#227;o do uso de agentes antimicrobianos s&#227;o importantes na preven&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es em geral e&#44; especificamente&#44; da mortalidade neonatal relacionada &#224; sepse&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo multic&#234;ntrico com 348 UTINs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> avaliou o uso imediato de vancomicina &#40;&#60; 1 dia&#41; e o uso postergado &#40;1 a 3 dias&#41; no primeiro epis&#243;dio de sepse tardia associada a SCN&#46; Os autores relataram que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a nas taxas de mortalidade em 7 ou 30 dias ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento ou na alta&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; pacientes que iniciaram o uso de vancomicina apresentaram imediatamente uma dura&#231;&#227;o significativamente maior de tratamento&#44; com mediana de 2 dias adicionais&#46; Em outro estudo multic&#234;ntrico conduzido pelo mesmo grupo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na mortalidade ao se compararem os rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos com infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN poss&#237;vel&#44; prov&#225;vel ou confirmada&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os autores relataram que os pacientes com infec&#231;&#245;es associadas ao SCN apresentaram mortalidade significativamente menor do que os pacientes com hemoculturas negativas&#44; considerando que a mortalidade mais elevada poderia ser atribu&#237;da a outros microrganismos n&#227;o isolados em hemoculturas&#46; Deve ser considerado que um agente antimicrobiano poder&#225; ser usado desnecessariamente&#44; conforme as poss&#237;veis ou prov&#225;veis infec&#231;&#245;es por SCN forem superestimadas&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cotten et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> em um estudo de coorte multic&#234;ntrico&#44; constataram em uma an&#225;lise multivariada que a dura&#231;&#227;o prolongada da terapia inicial em dias estava associada ao &#243;bito de neonatos de extremo baixo peso&#44; principalmente se o tratamento com agentes antimicrobianos ultrapassasse cinco dias&#44; com aumento das chances por dia de uso de antimicrobianos&#46; Tamb&#233;m deve ser considerado que a mortalidade aumenta quando a terapia emp&#237;rica &#233; inadequada&#44; um fator que pode aumentar a dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo anterior na mesma UTIN revelou alta mortalidade de pacientes com sepse por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> confirmada por laborat&#243;rio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; observamos uma redu&#231;&#227;o na frequ&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos devido a IH relacionada a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> no Per&#237;odo 2 &#40;1 &#243;bito&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o ao Per&#237;odo 1 &#40;5 &#243;bitos&#41;&#46; Essa redu&#231;&#227;o tendia a ser significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;08&#41;&#46; O &#250;nico &#243;bito associado a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> no Per&#237;odo 2 foi de um paciente com v&#225;rias malforma&#231;&#245;es e poss&#237;vel trissomia do cromossomo 13&#46; Devido &#224; gravidade cl&#237;nica da doen&#231;a do paciente&#44; foram feitos testes para triagem da infec&#231;&#227;o&#46; Contudo&#44; o tratamento com oxacilina foi iniciado quando os resultados da hemocultura foram divulgados&#44; dois dias ap&#243;s o teste&#46; O &#243;bito poder&#225; estar associado &#224; doen&#231;a de base e &#224; demora no uso de um agente antimicrobiano adequado&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo identificou apenas um e dois casos de &#243;bito devido a IH relacionada a SCN nos Per&#237;odos 1 e 2&#44; respectivamente&#44; sem relev&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica&#46; A literatura tamb&#233;m informa que a mortalidade associada a infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN est&#225; relacionada a 1&#37; dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;10</span></a> Karlowicz et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> investigaram causas de sepse tardia fulminante e observaram que&#44; mesmo quando os casos de infec&#231;&#227;o por SCN foram associados a &#243;bito&#44; os pacientes apresentavam outras comorbidades ou as culturas produziram mais de um microrganismo&#44; o que sugere contamina&#231;&#227;o&#46; Mackhoul et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> avaliaram fatores de risco de mortalidade precoce ap&#243;s sepse neonatal tardia e relataram que os pacientes com infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por SCN apresentavam um risco menor de &#243;bito em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por outros microrganismos&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em um estudo feito por Hemels et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> usou&#8208;se cefazolina associada a gentamicina como tratamento emp&#237;rico para sepse neonatal tardia devido a SCN&#46; A resposta cl&#237;nica foi observada em 87&#37; dos pacientes tratados e a sensibilidade &#224; cefazolina foi observada em 88&#37; das cepas analisadas&#46; Nenhuma diferen&#231;a foi observada no tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o &#40;0&#44;77 dias&#41; ou na mortalidade &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;33&#41; entre pacientes tratados com sepse devido a cepas de SCN sens&#237;veis ou resistentes&#46; Esses autores sugerem que outros antibi&#243;ticos betalact&#226;micos poder&#227;o ser &#250;teis no tratamento de IH em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos e reduzir a necessidade de uso de vancomicina&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando o uso racional de antibi&#243;ticos&#44; o uso da vancomicina deveria ser restrito em unidades com alta preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> resistente a vancomicina&#44; em casos sem resposta cl&#237;nica ou laboratorial em at&#233; 48&#8208;72 horas&#44; apesar do uso de um betalact&#226;mico como a oxacilina&#44; e em casos definidos de SCN resistente a oxacilina sem resposta cl&#237;nica e que n&#227;o seja considerado comensal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;22</span></a> Essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es seguem as diretrizes do Centro de Controle e Preven&#231;&#227;o de Doen&#231;as a fim de evitar aumento significativo de cepas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterococcus spp</span> e de outras bact&#233;rias resistentes a vancomicina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> A restri&#231;&#227;o do uso de agentes antimicrobianos com base na gest&#227;o &#233; importante para reduzir a interfer&#234;ncia no microbioma&#44; na sele&#231;&#227;o de microrganismos resistentes e em manifesta&#231;&#245;es at&#243;picas e outras complica&#231;&#245;es em neonatos prematuros&#44; como enterocolite e &#243;bito&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concluindo&#44; este estudo mostrou que n&#227;o houve pioria dos resultados em rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos ao se usarem betalact&#226;micos antiestafiloc&#243;cicos para tratar sepse tardia&#44; considerando que as taxas de mortalidade e morbidez relacionadas a infec&#231;&#245;es por SCN n&#227;o aumentaram e que tamb&#233;m houve uma melhoria nas taxas de infec&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus&#46;</span> Assim&#44; a gest&#227;o de antimicrobianos com o uso da oxacilina pode ser recomendada na sepse neonatal tardia de acordo com o perfil epidemiol&#243;gico de cada UTIN&#44; que deve estar relacionada a outras pr&#225;ticas de preven&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es eficazes a fim de evitar o uso de agentes antimicrobianos de amplo espectro&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Neonate"
            2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to compare two different empiric treatments for late&#8208;onset neonatal sepsis&#44; vancomycin and oxacillin&#44; in a neonatal intensive care unit with a high prevalence of coagulase&#8208;negative <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross&#8208;sectional study was conducted in an neonatal intensive care unit from 2011 to 2014&#46; Data from the medical records of at&#8208;risk newborns were collected daily&#46; Infections were defined according to the National Health Surveillance Agency criteria&#46; Data analysis was performed using an internal program&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was a significant reduction in the number of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> infections &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;008&#41;&#44; without endocarditis&#44; meningitis&#44; or lower respiratory tract infection&#44; as well as a reduction in the frequency of deaths related to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> infection&#46; There were no significant changes in the incidence of Gram&#8208;negative bacterial or fungal infections&#46; An increase in coagulase&#8208;negative <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> infections was observed &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;022&#41;&#46; However&#44; there was no measured increase in related morbidity and mortality&#46; There was a reduction in the median number of days of treatment with oxacillin from 11&#46;5 to 6 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and an increase of one day in the median number of days of treatment with vancomycin &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;046&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Modification of the empiric treatment regimen for neonatal late&#8208;onset sepsis with use of oxacillin showed a significant reduction in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> infections&#44; as well as a reduction in the frequency of infections with major organ system involvement and mortality due to infection with this microorganism&#46; As a result&#44; oxacillin can be considered as an effective treatment for late&#8208;onset sepsis&#44; making it possible to avoid broad&#8208;spectrum antibiotics&#46;</p></span>"
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        ]
      ]
      "pt" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparar dois per&#237;odos com diferentes esquemas emp&#237;ricos para tratamento de sepse neonatal tardia&#44; incluindo vancomicina ou oxacilina respectivamente&#44; em unidade neonatal de refer&#234;ncia com alta preval&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#44; feito em unidade neonatal de refer&#234;ncia&#44; de 2011 a 2014&#46; Os dados foram coletados diariamente por vigil&#226;ncia ativa em prontu&#225;rio de rec&#233;m&#8208;nascidos de risco&#46; As infec&#231;&#245;es foram notificadas conforme crit&#233;rios definidos pela Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria&#46; O banco de dados e a an&#225;lise foram feitos em programa interno&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ocorreu redu&#231;&#227;o significativa da notifica&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;008&#41;&#44; sem notifica&#231;&#245;es de endocardite&#44; meningite e infec&#231;&#245;es de vias a&#233;reas inferiores&#44; al&#233;m de redu&#231;&#227;o na frequ&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos pelo microrganismo e sem altera&#231;&#227;o significativa nas incid&#234;ncias de infec&#231;&#245;es por bact&#233;rias Gram negativas e fungos&#46; Houve aumento de infec&#231;&#245;es <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> coagulase negativo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;022&#41;&#44; mas sem aumento de morbidade e mortalidade&#46; Ocorreu redu&#231;&#227;o na mediana do tempo de uso de oxacilina&#44; de 11&#44;5 para 6 dias &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; com aumento de mediana de um dia de uso de vancomicina &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;046&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A modifica&#231;&#227;o do esquema emp&#237;rico com uso de oxacilina revelou redu&#231;&#227;o significativa das infec&#231;&#245;es por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#44; al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o na frequ&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#227;o de foco profundo e mortalidade pelo microrganismo&#46; Considera&#8208;se que oxacilina pode ser usada como esquema de tratamento de sepse neonatal tardia para se evitar o uso de antibi&#243;ticos de largo espectro&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclus&#245;es"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Como citar este artigo&#58; Romanelli RM&#44; Anchieta LM&#44; Silva AC&#44; de Jesus LA&#44; Rosado V&#44; Clemente WT&#46; Empirical antimicrobial therapy for late&#8208;onset sepsis in a neonatal unit with high prevalence of coagulase&#8208;negative <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span>&#46; J Pediatr &#40;Rio J&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;92&#58;472&#8211;8&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Estudo feito na Faculdade de Medicina&#44; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais&#44; Belo Horizonte&#44; MG&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Peso &#40;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;2011&#8208;2014&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Per&#237;odo 1 &#40;2011&#8208;2012&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC de 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;945&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;50&#8208;1&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">751&#8208;1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;424&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;78&#8208;1&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1001&#8208;1&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;757&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;62&#8208;1&#44;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1501&#8208;2&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#44;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;04&#8208;1&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 2&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;389&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;84&#8208;1&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;00&#8208;1&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">N&#250;mero de infec&#231;&#245;es em 1&#46;000 pacientes&#8208;dia&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incid&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> de densidade de infec&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por faixa de peso ao nascer&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Microrganismo</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Per&#237;odo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117 &#40;9&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40 &#40;7&#44;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77 &#40;11&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;41&#8208;0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;3&#44;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;4&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;2&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&#8208;4&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bacilo gram negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;7&#44;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47 &#40;8&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;6&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;88&#8208;2&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fungos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;1&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;27&#8208;3&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequ&#234;ncia de microrganismos isolados em infec&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por paciente em risco&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Topografia</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Microrganismo</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Per&#237;odo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Per&#237;odo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RC</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC de 95&#37;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Conjuntivite</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;38&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;648&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;23&#8211;20&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;23&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;10&#8211;12&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Endocardite</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Enterocolite necrosante</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o intra&#8208;abdominal</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o vascular</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o de pele ou do tecido mole</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;0&#8211;20&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Bronquite ou traque&#237;te</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;50&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o do trato urin&#225;rio</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;02&#8211;8&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;28&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;15&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8208;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o da corrente sangu&#237;nea &#40;sepse&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SCN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;21&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;38&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;26&#8208;0&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;58&#8208;3&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infec&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo &#40;SCN&#41; por topografia&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RC</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC de 95&#37;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">2011&#8208;2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortalidade geral</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo&#47;paciente em risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;0&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;06&#8208;6&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>&#47;paciente em risco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;0&#44;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;0&#44;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;74&#8208;53&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Letalidade associada ao</span> Staphylococcus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">coagulase negativo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> coagulase negativo&#47;total de infec&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Letalidade associada ao</span> Staphylococcus aureus</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span>&#47;total de infec&#231;&#245;es&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#44;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;116&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;6&#8208;20&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;18&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;395&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortalidade e letalidade de pacientes com IH por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp&#46;&#44; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal&#44; HC&#47;UFMG&#44; 2011&#8208;2014</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Romanelli"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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ISSN: 22555536
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2021 Janeiro 4 8 12
2020 Dezembro 5 6 11
2020 Novembro 8 14 22
2020 Outubro 7 7 14
2020 Setembro 8 11 19
2020 Agosto 4 4 8
2020 Julho 6 4 10
2020 Junho 6 9 15
2020 Maio 5 4 9
2020 Abril 6 9 15
2020 Março 2 2 4
2020 Fevereiro 8 12 20
2020 Janeiro 9 12 21
2019 Dezembro 5 7 12
2019 Novembro 13 3 16
2019 Outubro 4 11 15
2019 Setembro 10 17 27
2019 Agosto 10 9 19
2019 Julho 14 17 31
2019 Junho 13 15 28
2019 Maio 9 14 23
2019 Abril 16 11 27
2019 Março 11 3 14
2019 Fevereiro 12 7 19
2019 Janeiro 11 8 19
2018 Dezembro 12 8 20
2018 Novembro 28 3 31
2018 Outubro 69 15 84
2018 Setembro 10 8 18
2018 Maio 8 4 12
2018 Abril 15 2 17
2018 Março 28 6 34
2018 Fevereiro 10 0 10
2018 Janeiro 8 1 9
2017 Dezembro 8 1 9
2017 Novembro 19 5 24
2017 Outubro 13 6 19
2017 Setembro 17 4 21
2017 Agosto 7 1 8
2017 Julho 10 2 12
2017 Junho 19 12 31
2017 Maio 3 5 8
2017 Abril 29 5 34
2017 Março 14 11 25
2017 Fevereiro 18 4 22
2017 Janeiro 34 10 44
2016 Dezembro 16 10 26
2016 Novembro 48 32 80
2016 Outubro 87 48 135
2016 Setembro 57 42 99
2016 Agosto 9 3 12
2016 Julho 7 8 15
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