To study, by histochemical analysis, the skeletal muscles in newborn rats submitted to intrauterine malnutrition.
Methods: We studied 90-day old Wistar EPM-1 female rats, weighing 200 ± 20g and malnourished during gestation. On the 21th day of gestation, muscular biopsy was performed in the biceps bracchi of the newborns, obtained by cesarean delivery (1st generation). One group of newborn rats submitted to intrauterine malnutrition was nutritionally recovered after birth by keeping six newborn rats per lactating rat and by feeding ad libitum up to the 90th day of life, when the females became pregnant and their offspring formed the 2nd generation.
We studied 90-day old Wistar EPM-1 female rats, weighing 200 ± 20g and malnourished during gestation. On the 21th day of gestation, muscular biopsy was performed in the biceps bracchi of the newborns, obtained by cesarean delivery (1st generation). One group of newborn rats submitted to intrauterine malnutrition was nutritionally recovered after birth by keeping six newborn rats per lactating rat and by feeding ad libitum up to the 90th day of life, when the females became pregnant and their offspring formed the 2nd generation.
ResultsWeight gain during gestation and body weight of the newborns were significantly different when each malnourished group was compared to its respective control. The muscular biopsies of the malnourished newborns presented tissue involvement, characterized by loss of predominance of type II fibers, low oxidative activity, reduction of muscular fiber diameter, proliferation of interstitial tissue, and edema. The 2nd generation newborns presented adequate body weight, but maintained muscular tissue involvement, with loss of predominance of type II fibers, reduction of muscular fiber diameter, low oxidative activity, increase of interstitial space, and necrosis, but no edema.
Conclusion: Energetic malnutrition during myogenesis affects the skeletal muscles at birth in both 1st and 2nd generations, causing permanent or temporary lesions in the muscular tissue.
Energetic malnutrition during myogenesis affects the skeletal muscles at birth in both 1st and 2nd generations, causing permanent or temporary lesions in the muscular tissue.
Estudar o músculo esquelético (ME) de recém-nascidos desnutridos intra-uterinos através de biopsia muscular com estudo histoquímico.
Material e MétodosUtilizaram-se ratas Wistar EPM-1, 90 dias, peso 200 ± 20g, desnutridas durante toda gestação. No 21o dia de gestação foi colhida biopsia do músculo biceps braquii dos recém-nascidos (RN), obtidos por cesária (1a geração). Um grupo de RN desnutridos foi recuperado nutricionalmente após o nascimento, pela permanência de seis filhotes/rata nutriz e pela alimentação ad libitum até o 900 dia de vida, quando as fêmeas foram colocadas para cruzamento, originando os recém-nascidos da 2ª geração.
ResultadosO ganho de peso durante a gestação e o peso do RN foram significativamente diferentes quando comparado cada grupo desnutrido ao seu respectivo grupo controle. As biopsias musculares dos RN desnutridos intra-uterinos apresentaram comprometimento como perda do predomínio de fibra tipo II, diminuição do diâmetro das fibras musculares, baixa atividade oxidativa, proliferação de tecido intersticial e edema. Na segunda geração, os recém-nascidos apresentaram peso corporal adequado, mas mantinham o comprometimento do tecido muscular como diminuição do predomínio de fibras tipo II, diminuição do diâmetro das fibras musculares, baixa atividade oxidativa, presença de aumento de espaço intersticial, aumento de necrose mas sem edema.
ConclusãoA desnutrição energética na fase intra-uterina afeta diretamente o ME, podendo causar alterações irreversíveis que se repetem na geração seguinte, indicando a gravidade de a desnutrição ocorrer na fase crítica de desenvolvimento do tecido muscular.