Atresia biliar: continuamos operando tarde

Abstract

Objective

To analyze the age at surgery for children with biliary atresia and their survival periods without need for liver transplantation. The study was performed at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Methods

The medical records of patients operated between 1982 and 2007 who were residents of the state of Rio Grande do Sul were reviewed.

Results

Of the 112 cases of children with biliary atresia studied, 38 (33.9%) occurred between 1982 and 1989, 46 (41.1%) between 1990 and 1999 and 28 (25.0%) after 2000. Portoenterostomy was not performed for 12 cases (10.7%). Age at surgery ranged from 25 to 297 days (median: 80.5; IQR25-75: 61.3-109.0 days); for 20.5% of cases, the age was below 60 days. There was no age difference at diagnosis for the three decades in the study. Patients from the countryside (median: 87.0; IQR25-75: 69.0-115.0 days) were referred significantly later (p = 0.007) than those living in Porto Alegre and the metropolitan area (median: 68.0; IQR25-75: 55.5-98.0 days). The ratio of patients younger than 60 days was significantly lower (p = 0.013) for those from the countryside. Survival periods with native liver for all patients was 46.2% in 2 years, falling continuously until reaching 15.3% in 20 years. Patients operated before reaching 60 days of age had longer survival periods with native livers (log rank < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Late performance of portoenterostomy was a constant in the past 25 years, and this delay led to shorter survival periods with native livers for biliary atresia patients.

Resumen

Objetivo

Analisar a idade na cirurgia de crianças com atresia biliar e a sobrevida sem necessidade de transplante de fígado. O estudo foi realizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.

Métodos

Foram revisados os prontuários dos pacientes operados entre 1982 e 2007, residentes no Rio Grande do Sul.

Resultados

Dos 112 casos estudados de crianças com atresia biliar, 38 (33,9%) ocorreram de 1982 a 1989, 46 (41,1%) de 1990 a 1999 e 28 (25,0%) a partir de 2000. Em 12 (10,7%) casos, não foi realizada a portoenterostomia. A idade na cirurgia variou de 25 a 297 dias (mediana: 80,5; IIQ25-75: 61,3-109,0 dias); em 20,5% dos casos, a idade das crianças foi menor do que 60 dias. Não houve diferença na idade, no momento do diagnóstico, entre as 3 décadas. Os pacientes do interior do estado (mediana: 87,0; IIQ25-75: 69,0-115,0 dias) foram encaminhados significativamente (p = 0,007) mais tarde do que os da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS) (mediana: 68,0; IIQ25-75: 55,5-98,0 dias). A proporção de pacientes com menos de 60 dias foi significativamente menor (p = 0,013) nos oriundos do interior. A sobrevida com fígado nativo do total dos pacientes foi de 46,2% em 2 anos, diminuindo progressivamente até 15,3% em 20 anos. Os pacientes operados com menos de 60 dias tiveram maior sobrevida com fígado nativo (log rank < 0,0001).

Conclusões

A portoenterostomia se manteve tardia nos últimos 25 anos, e esse atraso determinou menor tempo de sobrevida com fígado nativo nos pacientes com atresia biliar.