Abordagem nutricional de gestantes e nutrizes adolescentes: estratégia básica na prevenção de riscos

Abstract

Objective

To present the different factors that can interfere in gestation and neonatal evolution, and to discuss strategic nutritional aspects in health promotion and attention to pregnant and breast-feeding adolescents. Method: We reviewed national and international literature to discuss and summarize practical and relevant aspects for the clinical assistance of pregnant and breast-feeding adolescents, especially the younger group. Results: The management of adolescent pregnancies requires the evaluation of clinical, nutritional, and psychosocial risk factors. The gynecological age and physical growth stage are also relevant for the very young adolescents. Nutritional evaluation and dietary orientation of pregnant and breast-feeding adolescents are support measures in health promotion and assistance, preventing risks such as malnutrition, anemia, vitamin deficiency, low intrauterine growth, low birth weight and postnatal undernourishment. Conclusion: The complexity of the factors interfering in the course of adolescent pregnancy requires that health care providers have deep knowledge of the problem to define priorities and effectively act upon more critical aspects of health support for this risk group.

Method

We reviewed national and international literature to discuss and summarize practical and relevant aspects for the clinical assistance of pregnant and breast-feeding adolescents, especially the younger group. Results: The management of adolescent pregnancies requires the evaluation of clinical, nutritional, and psychosocial risk factors. The gynecological age and physical growth stage are also relevant for the very young adolescents. Nutritional evaluation and dietary orientation of pregnant and breast-feeding adolescents are support measures in health promotion and assistance, preventing risks such as malnutrition, anemia, vitamin deficiency, low intrauterine growth, low birth weight and postnatal undernourishment. Conclusion: The complexity of the factors interfering in the course of adolescent pregnancy requires that health care providers have deep knowledge of the problem to define priorities and effectively act upon more critical aspects of health support for this risk group.

Results

The management of adolescent pregnancies requires the evaluation of clinical, nutritional, and psychosocial risk factors. The gynecological age and physical growth stage are also relevant for the very young adolescents. Nutritional evaluation and dietary orientation of pregnant and breast-feeding adolescents are support measures in health promotion and assistance, preventing risks such as malnutrition, anemia, vitamin deficiency, low intrauterine growth, low birth weight and postnatal undernourishment. Conclusion: The complexity of the factors interfering in the course of adolescent pregnancy requires that health care providers have deep knowledge of the problem to define priorities and effectively act upon more critical aspects of health support for this risk group.

Conclusion

The complexity of the factors interfering in the course of adolescent pregnancy requires that health care providers have deep knowledge of the problem to define priorities and effectively act upon more critical aspects of health support for this risk group.

Resumen

Objetivo

apresentar, à luz da literatura, os diferentes fatores que podem interferir na evolução gestacional e nos resultados neonatais, assim como abordar aspectos nutricionais estratégicos na promoção e atenção à saúde de gestantes e nutrizes adolescentes.

Métodos

a literatura nacional e internacional forneceu subsídios para discutir e sumariar aspectos práticos e de relevância na execução quotidiana da assistência clínica a gestantes e nutrizes adolescentes, especialmente o grupo da faixa etária mais precoce.

Resultados

a abordagem de gestantes adolescentes requer a avaliação de parâmetros de risco clínico, nutricional e psicossocial. Nas adolescentes muito jovens, além desses parâmetros, considera-se também relevante a idade ginecológica e o estágio de crescimento físico em que se encontra. A avaliação nutricional e a orientação alimentar de gestantes e nutrizes adolescentes constitui medida de suporte na promoção e atenção à saúde, prevenindo riscos como desnutrição, anemia, deficiências vitamínicas, além do retardo do crescimento intra-uterino, baixo peso de nascimento e desnutrição pós-natal.

Conclusões

a complexidade de fatores que interferem no curso de uma gestação precoce requer da equipe de saúde o conhecimento da problemática para que, efetivamente, possa intervir nos aspectos mais críticos e prioritários da atenção à saúde deste grupo de risco.