OriginalIngreso prolongado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos: mortalidad y consumo de recursos asistencialesProlonged stay in pediatric intensive care units: mortality and healthcare resource consumption
Section snippets
Introducción
En las últimas décadas el desarrollo tecnológico y la aparición de nuevos tratamientos han producido una disminución en la mortalidad de los pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Sin embargo, estas mejoras han dado lugar a la aparición de un nuevo perfil de pacientes en estas unidades: aquellos que permanecen ingresados por un tiempo muy prolongado.
Este desarrollo científico-tecnológico propicia que, además de los pacientes que se encuentran en una
Pacientes y métodos
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante la revisión de la historia clínica de todos los pacientes que habían permanecido ingresados en nuestra UCIP durante un periodo igual o superior a 28 días consecutivos entre enero de 2006 y marzo de 2010.
Nuestra UCIP pertenece a un hospital terciario que abarca un área poblacional de aproximadamente 700.000 habitantes en la Comunidad de Madrid, siendo además hospital de referencia nacional para cirugía cardiaca. Se trata de una unidad
Resultados
Durante el periodo de estudio se produjeron 2.118 ingresos en la UCIP, de los cuales 83 (3,9%) presentaron una estancia mayor o igual a 28 días. La estancia de los pacientes con ingreso prolongado supuso el 36,1% de la estancia global de la UCIP. La duración media de ingreso en los pacientes con ingreso prolongado fue de 55,6 ± 30,1 días (mediana de 45 días e intervalo de 28-179 días), siendo la estancia media en la UCIP para el total 6 días (intervalo. 0-179 días).
El 65,1% de los pacientes con
Discusión
Los resultados de nuestro estudio coinciden con los publicados en otros países, mostrando que los pacientes con ingreso prolongado en las UCIP, aunque cuantitativamente escasos, generan una gran ocupación y una elevada proporción de estancia hospitalaria.
Las características epidemiológicas de nuestros pacientes son similares a las referidas por otros autores, mostrando un predominio de pacientes masculinos y con una importante proporción de pacientes afectos de malformaciones congénitas,
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