Original articleDemographic and environmental risk factors for gastroschisis and omphalocele in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study☆,☆☆
Section snippets
Population
The population for this study included infants who were enrolled in the NBDPS with an expected date of delivery between October 1, 1997, and December 31, 2003. The NBPDS is an ongoing multisite case-control study incorporating data collected from 10 population-based state birth defects surveillance systems (Arkansas, California, Georgia, Iowa, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Texas, and Vermont). Approximately 65% of eligible gastroschisis cases, 68% of eligible omphalocele
Results
A total of 485 cases of gastroschisis, 168 cases of omphalocele, and 4967 controls were included. Of those, 446 (92%) cases of gastroschisis and 105 (62.5%) cases of omphalocele had no other major structural birth defect. Table 1 presents demographic characteristics of cases and controls. More than 31% of women with pregnancies affected by gastroschisis were Hispanic, 8% were black, and 53% were white. Nearly 34% of mothers of infants with gastroschisis had household annual incomes of less than
Discussion
The current study investigated associations between maternal exposures and demographic factors in both gastroschisis and omphalocele within a large, population-based, case-control study, and found large differences in the demographic profiles of the 2 defects, while finding some similarities in their exposure profiles. This study increases our understanding of the epidemiological influences of gastroschisis and omphalocele by lending support to many previously reported risk factors while
Conclusion
Gastroschisis and omphalocele have an almost entirely discordant profile of demographic and exposure variables. Two strong vasoconstrictors, pseudoephedrine and cocaine, were not found to be significantly associated with gastroschisis despite previous reports of an association [2], [8], [9], [10], [12]. Neither did we find significant associations between gastroschisis and other often reported exposures including aspirin [6], [9], [10], acetaminophen [8], [10], and marijuana [5], [7], [26].
References (37)
Developmental pathogenesis of defects associated with prenatal cocaine exposure: fetal vascular disruption
Clin Perinatol
(1991)- et al.
Omphalocele and gastroschisis: an 18-year review study
Genet Med
(2004) - et al.
Omphalocele: a 25-year experience
J Pediatr Surg
(1986) - et al.
The epidemiologic incidence of congenital gastroschisis in Western Australia
Am J Obstet Gynecol
(2003) - et al.
Parity effect on preterm birth and growth outcomes among infants with isolated omphalocele
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
(2006) - et al.
National estimates and race/ethnic-specific variation of selected birth defects in the United States, 1999-2001
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol
(2006) - et al.
A population-based study of gastroschisis: demographic, pregnancy, and lifestyle risk factors
Teratology
(1994) - et al.
Risk factors for gastroschisis
Teratology
(1990) - et al.
Young maternal age and smoking during pregnancy as risk factors for gastroschisis
Teratology
(1993) - et al.
Interaction between maternal smoking and malnutrition in infant risk of gastroschisis
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol
(2006)
Prenatal exposure to salicylates and gastroschisis: a case-control study
Teratology
Association of vasoconstrictive exposures with risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia
Epidemiology
First trimester maternal medication use in relation to gastroschisis
Teratology
Maternal medications and environmental exposures as risk factors for gastroschisis
Teratology
Maternal medication use and risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia
Am J Epidemiol
Recreational drugs and fetal gastroschisis: maternal hair analysis in the peri-conceptional period and during pregnancy
BJOG
Omphalocele and gastroschisis: a collaborative study of five Italian congenital malformation registries
Teratology
Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Europe: a survey of 3 million births 1980-1990. EUROCAT Working Group
Am J Med Genet
Cited by (79)
The association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring: A cumulative meta-analysis
2024, Neurotoxicology and TeratologyChildhood Educational Outcomes of Children Born with Gastroschisis
2022, Journal of PediatricsCitation Excerpt :The clinical characteristics of patients with gastroschisis have been previously described in the literature.30 Consistent with previous reports, many of these patients were SGA, moderately preterm, and born to Caucasian young primiparous mothers.30,31 The reported risk of rehospitalization in patients with gastroschisis varies in the literature.32
Gastroschisis annual incidence, mortality, and trends in extreme Southern Brazil
2022, Jornal de PediatriaCitation Excerpt :Low weight and gestational age < 37 weeks confirmed an association between intrauterine growth difficulties, prematurity, and gastroschisis, corroborating previous studies by Anderson, Overcash, and others.9,17,18 Unlike a report published by the CDC in 2016 and the description by Anderson, who reported an increased prevalence in relation to race/color, the present study found no statistically significant differences in the analysis of children born with gastroschisis in terms of race/color.17,18,29 In Brazil, it is difficult to analyze race/color due to the great miscegenation of the Brazilian population, and evaluations by race/color can be inaccurate.
Extended spectrum penicillins reduce the risk of omphalocele: A population-based case-control study
2021, Journal of Pediatric SurgeryGastro-intestinal function and quality of life are favorable in adolescent and adult gastroschisis patients
2020, Early Human DevelopmentCitation Excerpt :The small response rate in this age group can be explained by the survey mode, as it is known that young adults are less likely to respond to a mailed survey and prefer online surveys [22]. A possible explanation for the small response rate in all age groups is intelligence and social status of the patients, as it is known that gastroschisis patients often have a lower intelligence and socio-economic status compared to the average population [23,24]. This study found that gastroschisis patients experience few GI problems at adolescent or adult age, though patients with complications during gastroschisis treatment are more likely to develop abdominal complaints later in life.
- ☆
This work was supported by funds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), grant no. 3U50DD613236. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.
- ☆☆
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (Little Rock, Ark), protocol no. 04812.