TY - JOUR T1 - Is willingness to exercise programmed in utero? Reviewing sedentary behavior and the benefits of physical activity in intrauterine growth restricted individuals JO - Jornal de Pediatria (English Edition) T2 - AU - Bischoff,Adrianne Rahde AU - Cunha,Fábio da Silva AU - Dalle Molle,Roberta AU - Maróstica,Paulo José Cauduro AU - Silveira,Patrícia Pelufo SN - 00217557 M3 - 10.1016/j.jped.2017.12.015 DO - 10.1016/j.jped.2017.12.015 UR - https://jped.elsevier.es/en-is-willingness-exercise-programmed-in-articulo-S0021755717308781 AB - ObjectiveThe literature suggests that a fetus will adapt to surrounding adversities by optimizing its use of energy to improve survival, ultimately leading to the programming of the individual's energy intake and expenditure. While recent reviews focused on the fetal programming of energy intake and food preferences, there is also some evidence that fetal adversity is associated with diminished physical activity levels. Therefore, we aimed to review (a) the evidence for an association between being born with intrauterine growth restriction and sedentarism over the life-course and (b) the potential benefits of physical activity over cardiometabolic risk factors for this population. SourcesPubMed, Scielo, Scopus and Embase. Summary of findingsMost clinical studies that used objective measures found no association between intrauterine growth restriction and physical activity levels, while most studies that used self-reported questionnaires revealed such relationships, particularly leisure time physical activity. Experimental studies support the existence of fetal programming of physical activity, and show that exposure to exercise during IUGR individuals’ life improves metabolic outcomes but less effect was seen on muscle architecture or function. ConclusionsAlterations in muscle strength and metabolism, as well as altered aerobic performance, may predispose IUGR individuals to be spontaneously less physically active, suggesting that this population may be an important target for preventive interventions. Although very heterogeneous, the different studies allow us to infer that physical activity may have beneficial effects especially for individuals that are more vulnerable to metabolic modifications such as those with IUGR. ER -